ÇAĞDAŞ DILBILIM YAZILARI I
CONTEMPORARY STUDIES IN LINGUISTICS I
Contributor(s): Oktay Çinar (Editor), Fırat Başbuğ (Editor), Hakan AYDEMİR (Editor)
Subject(s): Morphology, Lexis, Comparative Linguistics, Psycholinguistics, Sociolinguistics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Stylistics
Published by: Artsürem Bilim Sanat Danışmanlık A.Ş (Artsürem Yayıncılık)
Keywords: Contemporary linguistics; experimental linguistics; digital methods; linguistic evidence; discourse studies; historical and comparative linguistics; artificial intelligence; methodological pluralism;
Summary/Abstract: Contemporary Studies in Linguistics I advances a clear editorial thesis: contemporary linguistics is unified not by a single method, language family, or theoretical school, but by a common explanatory task— showing how linguistic patterns become observable, interpretable, and defensible through different forms of evidence. Rather than presenting diversity as an end in itself, this edited volume treats historical records, manuscripts and inscriptions, corpora, experiments, discourse data, bibliometric mappings, and AI-mediated texts as complementary evidential domains for linguistic analysis. Across twenty chapters, the volume moves from historical-comparative reconstruction and lexical history to morphosyntax, phonetics and phonology, semantics, discourse and metadiscourse, bilingual and heritage-language processing, bibliometric research, and emerging interfaces between linguistics and artificial intelligence. What binds these contributions is a shared set of questions: how are linguistic patterns constrained, processed, documented, and transformed; what counts as adequate evidence for linguistic analysis; and how do new tools reshape the empirical foundations of the field? A major strength of the volume lies in its combination of theoretically informed argumentation with methodologically explicit studies on Turkish and other languages. Its central contribution is to show that methodological pluralism is not miscellany but cumulative argument: different kinds of data illuminate different dimensions of the same object—language as historical record, structured system, cognitive process, and situated use. By bringing historical depth, formal analysis, empirical measurement, and digital innovation into a single frame, the volume offers a coherent account of what contemporary linguistics is, how it proceeds, and how cumulative linguistic knowledge is built across heterogeneous materials and methods.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-625-93538-0-7
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-625-93538-0-7
- Page Count: 409
- Publication Year: 2025
- Language: Turkish, English
INDETERMINACY IN ETYMOLOGY: RECONSTRUCTING THE PIE WORD FOR ‘SHEEP,’ WITH NOTES ALSO ON TOCHARIAN B ās ‘GOAT’ AND PIE h2éwis ‘BIRD’
INDETERMINACY IN ETYMOLOGY: RECONSTRUCTING THE PIE WORD FOR ‘SHEEP,’ WITH NOTES ALSO ON TOCHARIAN B ās ‘GOAT’ AND PIE h2éwis ‘BIRD’
(INDETERMINACY IN ETYMOLOGY: RECONSTRUCTING THE PIE WORD FOR ‘SHEEP,’ WITH NOTES ALSO ON TOCHARIAN B ās ‘GOAT’ AND PIE h2éwis ‘BIRD’)
- Author(s):Douglas Q. ADAMS
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Morphology, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics
- Page Range:5-12
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Indo-European etymology; PIE laryngeals (*h₂; *h₃); ‘Sheep’ etymon (*h₂ówi- ~ *h₃ówi-); Acrostatic nouns; Lengthened-grade Athematic formations (Hitt. āss-; Skr. āsāt); Brugmann’s Law; Tocharian B (ās-); Anatolian evidence; Comparative method;
- Summary/Abstract:The Indo-European word for ‘sheep’ is well-represented in most Indo-European groups. However, its exact shape in the proto-language is not as well-established as usually thought. The initial laryngeal has been reconstructed as *h1-, *h2-, or *h3- by various investigators and the noun’s accentual pattern often left undefined. The argument here is that we cannot reconstruct with certainty. It seems perhaps most likely that it was an acrostatic *h2ówi-/h2éwi- but Tocharian might also reflect either *h2ōwiand *h3ōwi- and, if the latter, *h3ówi-/h3éwi- would certainly be possible for other IndoEuropean groups. Knowing if PIE *h3- became χ- in Lycian would help delimit the number of indeterminacies but not solve the problem decisively. We will be left with multiple possibilities.
MORPHOPHONOLOGICAL, MORPHOSYNTACTIC, AND ICONIC CONSTRAINTS GOVERNING IRREVERSIBLE NOMINAL AND VERBAL BICOORDINATIVES IN TURKISH
MORPHOPHONOLOGICAL, MORPHOSYNTACTIC, AND ICONIC CONSTRAINTS GOVERNING IRREVERSIBLE NOMINAL AND VERBAL BICOORDINATIVES IN TURKISH
(MORPHOPHONOLOGICAL, MORPHOSYNTACTIC, AND ICONIC CONSTRAINTS GOVERNING IRREVERSIBLE NOMINAL AND VERBAL BICOORDINATIVES IN TURKISH)
- Author(s):Hakan AYDEMİR
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Phonetics / Phonology, Morphology, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Turkic languages
- Page Range:13-64
- No. of Pages:52
- Keywords:Turkish linguistics; Bicoordinatives; Irreversible binomials; Coordination; Ordering principles; Sonority hierarchy; Morphophonology; Iconicity; Typology;
- Summary/Abstract:This study investigates the structural principles governing irreversible nominal and verbal binary coordinatives in Turkish, referred to here as bicoordinatives (Turkish: ikileme). While such binary coordinative formations have long been studied in descriptive work, the rules governing such binary structures have not yet been fully established. Drawing on a relatively large dataset from both Modern Turkish and Old Turkic, the present study argues that these formations are regulated by a systematic interaction of morphophonological, morphosyntactic, and iconic constraints, formulated here as Ordering Principles (OPri). The analysis identifies seven hierarchically interacting rules that determine the fixed order of asymmetric bicoordinatives. These rules range from segmental and syllabic properties to higherlevel iconic relations reflecting event structure and semantic sequencing. It is shown that, when the balance of the syllable pattern is disrupted, asymmetries in syllable structure and syllable count override segmental preferences. The study further demonstrates that these ordering principles are not restricted to Modern Turkish but are already attested in Old Turkic too, indicating long-term structural stability within the language. Beyond bicoordinatives, the paper situates these findings within a broader block-recursive model of coordination (BiCo–TriCo–MulCo), showing how binary coordinative units serve as the building blocks for larger coordinative structures. The proposed theoretical framework contributes to Turkish linguistics, coordination theory, and typological research by providing a unified and empirically grounded account of irreversible coordination.
GRASPING GRAMMAR: THE HAPTIC TURN IN LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION
GRASPING GRAMMAR: THE HAPTIC TURN IN LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION
(GRASPING GRAMMAR: THE HAPTIC TURN IN LANGUAGE DOCUMENTATION)
- Author(s):Fırat Başbuğ
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Morphology, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Turkic languages
- Page Range:65-80
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:documentary linguistics; language documentation; force-sensitive grammar; elicitation design; Haptic Minimal Pair; 3D printing;
- Summary/Abstract:Language documentation has developed robust standards for recording the optical and acoustic dimensions of speech events, but it less often preserves the material conditions under which force-sensitive grammatical contrasts become interactionally available. In domains involving manipulation, fit, resistance, fracture, and effort, visually similar events may differ in ways that are grammatically relevant yet not recoverable from image or waveform alone. This chapter proposes the Haptic Minimal Pair (HMP) as a controlled elicitation method that holds visual geometry constant while varying a single material parameter such as friction, compliance, mass distribution, or toleranced fit. The proposal is methodological rather than conclusive: drawing on exploratory field observations from Sakha, Telengit, and Cilician Arabic, the chapter presents proof-ofconcept cases showing how materially calibrated stimuli can make posture predicates, handling verbs, fracture constructions, and ideophones more observable, more comparable across sessions, and more archivally accountable. It also outlines a compact metadata protocol for preserving both digital design specifications and the physical instantiation of stimuli under CARE-aligned, community-governed archival conditions. The chapter argues that documentary adequacy in force-sensitive domains requires not only recording what speakers say and what cameras capture, but also documenting the calibrated material constraints that make particular grammatical choices pragmatically available.
ÇEVRİM İÇİ DİLBİLİM ARAŞTIRMALARI İÇİN PCIBEX FARM: TASARIM ve UYGULAMA
ÇEVRİM İÇİ DİLBİLİM ARAŞTIRMALARI İÇİN PCIBEX FARM: TASARIM ve UYGULAMA
(PCIBEX FARM FOR ONLINE LINGUISTIC RESEARCH: DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION)
- Author(s):Oktay Çinar
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Sociolinguistics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:81-108
- No. of Pages:28
- Keywords:PCIbex; PennController; Experimental linguistics; Self-paced reading; Online experimentation;
- Summary/Abstract:In recent years, experimental linguistics and psycholinguistics have increasingly adopted online data collection methods. This trend is closely related to the widespread use of web-based platforms that facilitate participant recruitment and enable flexible experimental designs. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the PCIbex platform and the PennController extension in experimental linguistic research. First, the paper outlines and exemplifies the main types of studies that can be conducted using PCIbex. Building on this overview, the study then presents a detailed example application to illustrate the practical use of the platform. Specifically, a self-paced reading experiment is introduced to demonstrate how the processing of the coindexation of null and overt subject pronouns in embedded clauses with their antecedents in Turkish can be investigated in an online environment. The experimental workflow is described step by step, covering informed consent, instructions, participant information forms, practice trials, the main test phase, and data storage. Special attention is given to the event-based structure of the results file generated by PennController and to the procedures for transferring and summarizing the data in the R environment using descriptive statistics. Overall, the study shows that PCIbex and PennController offer an accessible, reproducible, and scalable framework for conducting a wide range of online experimental studies in linguistics.
DISTINCTIVE DIACRITICS IN THE ATIL-TURKIC EPITAPHS AND IN THE YARKAND DOCUMENTS
DISTINCTIVE DIACRITICS IN THE ATIL-TURKIC EPITAPHS AND IN THE YARKAND DOCUMENTS
(DISTINCTIVE DIACRITICS IN THE ATIL-TURKIC EPITAPHS AND IN THE YARKAND DOCUMENTS)
- Author(s):Marcel ERDAL
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Morphology, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Non-European Languages
- Page Range:109-116
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:The Arabic writing system; Atil Turkic; Early middle Turkic texts; Yarkand documents;
- Summary/Abstract:Scribes using the Arabic alphabet for writing Arabic, Persian or early varieties of Turkic used non-obligatory ‘distinctive’ diacritics beside the standard diacritics of the writing systems of their languages. After quoting Onur (2024) on the presence of such diacritics in Arabic, Persian, Khāqānī Turkic and Early Middle Turkic, the author documents their appearance in 13th-14th century epitaphs in Arabic and Atil Turkic, a language closely related to Chuvash, spoken in the Volga-Kama area of Russia, and in 11th-12th century legal documents in Uyghur script discovered in Yarkand, East Turkestan. The distinctive diacritics consist either of dots or of small Arabic letters placed either below or above the line of writing.
REVISITING VERBAL REFLEXIVITY: ON THE MORPHOSYNTAX AND ARGUMENT STRUCTURE OF IN DERIVED VERBS IN TURKISH
REVISITING VERBAL REFLEXIVITY: ON THE MORPHOSYNTAX AND ARGUMENT STRUCTURE OF IN DERIVED VERBS IN TURKISH
(REVISITING VERBAL REFLEXIVITY: ON THE MORPHOSYNTAX AND ARGUMENT STRUCTURE OF IN DERIVED VERBS IN TURKISH)
- Author(s):Zeynep ERDEMİR, Ümit ATLAMAZ, Ömer Demirok
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Turkic languages
- Page Range:117-146
- No. of Pages:30
- Keywords:Verbal reflexivity; Voice; Turkish;
- Summary/Abstract:In Turkish, verbal reflexives are formed with two different suffixes, -Il and -In, as observed in the literature. It has been argued that of these verbs, those derived with the suffix -Il express only figure reflexivity; while reflexives derived with the suffix -In express ground reflexivity (Key, 2021, 2025). We observe that the -In suffix appears in two additional contexts: (i) in building figure reflexivity and (ii) in some unergative verbs that do not express any reflexivity. Based on these observations, we propose that the -In suffix is essentially a realization of a verbal head that does not introduce arguments. These non-argument-introducing verbal heads emerge within the context of a head, which we call Ref and propose to be subject to contextual allosemy.
DOES CHATGPT ARGUE THROUGH STRUCTURE OR STANCE? A METADISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS ACROSS TOPICS
DOES CHATGPT ARGUE THROUGH STRUCTURE OR STANCE? A METADISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS ACROSS TOPICS
(DOES CHATGPT ARGUE THROUGH STRUCTURE OR STANCE? A METADISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS ACROSS TOPICS)
- Author(s):Ruhan Güçlü
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Sociolinguistics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Stylistics
- Page Range:147-169
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:Interactive markers; Interactional markers; Metadiscourse; Topic; ChatGPT-produced argumentative essays;
- Summary/Abstract:This study examines the use of interactive and interactional metadiscourse markers in English argumentative essays generated by ChatGPT across a range of social science topics. Drawing on Hyland’s (2005) Interpersonal Model of Metadiscourse, a corpus of seventy-five argumentative essays, comprising fifteen topics with five essays each, was analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The log-likelihood analysis demonstrates a clear preference for interactional markers, particularly hedges, while transitions emerge as the most frequent interactive devices in the overall corpus. These patterns indicate that ChatGPT-generated essays foreground stance-taking and reader engagement rather than explicit structural guidance. At the topic level, interactional markers are especially prominent in essays on sports, gender studies, psychology, and economics, whereas topics such as food and nutrition, and history rely more heavily on interactive resources. Overall, these findings expand the understanding of AI discourse by highlighting both the strengths and limitations of AI-generated writing.
TÜRKÇEDE ÜNLÜ FORMANTLARININ META-ANALİTİK İNCELENMESİ: YÖNTEMBİLİMSEL FARKLILIKLAR VE ETKİLERİ
TÜRKÇEDE ÜNLÜ FORMANTLARININ META-ANALİTİK İNCELENMESİ: YÖNTEMBİLİMSEL FARKLILIKLAR VE ETKİLERİ
(A META-ANALYSIS OF VOWEL FORMANTS IN TURKISH: METHODOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES AND THEIR IMPACTS)
- Author(s):Ali Çağan KAYA, Emre YAĞLI
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Morphology, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Turkic languages
- Page Range:170-192
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:Vowel formants; Phonetic description; Meta-analysis; Methodology;
- Summary/Abstract:Although research on vowel formants in Turkish constitutes a substantial body of work, there is a lack of methodological consensus among these studies. This study presents a meta-analysis examining methodological differences in research on vowel formants in Standard Turkish and the effects of these differences on formant values. Within the scope of this study, 16 studies on Standard Turkish were adopted, and the methodological criteria of these studies were coded in a data table to create the dataset. In the data analysis, separate mixed-effects models were fitted for each vowel in the R environment. The results indicated that random effects (e.g., study and study-vowel interaction) in the models were statistically more determinant in explaining variability compared to fixed effects (e.g., gender, material type, number of speakers, recording environment, recording equipment, sampling rate, and normalisation method). This finding indicates that variability in formant values largely stems from implicit methodological choices that are neither clearly reported nor standardised acrossstudies. The study emphasises the necessity of methodological transparency, open data sharing, and standardised measurement protocols to ensure the reliability and comparability of phonetic descriptions in Turkish.
FONETİK–FONOLOJİK SÜREKLİLİK VE ÜNLÜ DÖRTGENİ BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKÇEDEKİ /a/ ÜNLÜSÜNÜN KAVRAMSAL KONUMU
FONETİK–FONOLOJİK SÜREKLİLİK VE ÜNLÜ DÖRTGENİ BAĞLAMINDA TÜRKÇEDEKİ /a/ ÜNLÜSÜNÜN KAVRAMSAL KONUMU
(THE CONCEPTUAL POSITION OF THE VOWEL /A/ IN TURKISH IN THE CONTEXT OF THE PHONETIC-PHONOLOGICAL CONTINUUM AND THE VOWEL QUADRILATERAL)
- Author(s):Mehmet Akif KILIÇ
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Phonetics / Phonology, Turkic languages
- Page Range:193-199
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Phonetics; Phonology; Vowel quadrilateral; Turkish;
- Summary/Abstract:This study aims to determine the position of the Turkish vowel /a/ within the vowel quadrilateral and to identify the most appropriate International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbol for representing it at the phonemic level. In addition, by exemplifying the subphonemic variations of /a/ in Turkish, the paper discusses how the boundary between the phonetic and phonological levels can be more accurately defined from a theoretical perspective. The historical background of the transition from the articulatory triangle model to the acoustic quadrilateral model is summarized, and the conceptual confusion arising from the misinterpretation of phonetic representations as phonological explanations is examined. The concept of the phonetic–phonological continuum is addressed as a key factor underlying the frequent conflation of these two domains. Interpreting the phonological properties of phonemes solely on the basis of phonetic data represents a major consequence of this conceptual ambiguity. However, phonological properties should be established not through physical measurement but through abstraction. In this regard, perceptual phonetic studies and the contemporary phonological framework known as Element Theory may offer a more consistent means of defining phonological categories. In conclusion, the essential phonological property of the Turkish /a/ vowel is its openness (vowel height), while its backness or frontness belongs to the phonetic plane; therefore, it should be represented at the phonemic level with the symbol /a/.
ALTAIC STUDIES – WHAT HAS NOT BEEN COMPARED SO FAR
ALTAIC STUDIES – WHAT HAS NOT BEEN COMPARED SO FAR
(ALTAIC STUDIES – WHAT HAS NOT BEEN COMPARED SO FAR)
- Author(s):Michael Knüppel
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Morphology, Lexis, Semantics, Historical Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Stylistics
- Page Range:200-211
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Commands to call or shoo away animals; Systems of kinship terminology; Verbs relating to insect behavior;
- Summary/Abstract:This short article presents some of the author’s reflections on what has not yet been compared in Altaic studies, a field in which quite diverse approaches to language comparison have been employed over the past two centuries. While it is generally clear what cannot be compared, or should not be used for comparison, to clarify the linguistic relationships between the Turkic, Mongolian, and Tungus languages (onomatopoeia, children’s language, taboo language forms, etc.), it seems that hardly anyone has given much thought in recent times to what else could or should be compared. The author offers three examples: commands to call or shoo away animals, kinship terminology (or more precisely: systems of kinship relationships), and verbs relating to insect behavior.
YAPAY ZEKÂ ÇAĞINDA ADLİ DİLBİLİMDE YAZAR ANALİZİ
YAPAY ZEKÂ ÇAĞINDA ADLİ DİLBİLİMDE YAZAR ANALİZİ
(AUTHORSHIP ANALYSIS IN FORENSIC LINGUISTICS IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)
- Author(s):Hülya Kocagül Yüzer
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Morphology, Lexis, Semantics, Psycholinguistics, Sociolinguistics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:212-243
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Forensic linguistics; Authorship analysis; Idiolect; AI Authorship detection; Artificial idiolect;
- Summary/Abstract:This study aims to propose a framework for examining how the text-generation capacities of large language models (LLMs) are transforming forensic linguistic authorship analysis. In this context, the conceptual foundations of authorship are interrogated, while its methodological transformation and legal implications are discussed. The theoretical trajectory extending from Barthes’s (1967) critique of authorial authority to Foucault’s (1969) concept of the author function, and further to Love’s (2ii2) functional model of authorship, has evolved into a new field of tension in the age of artificial intelligence (AI). As emphasized by Sousa-Silva (2i24), since AI-generated texts lack individual authorial characteristics, forensic linguistic methods need to shift from surface-level stylistic features to deeper linguistic properties (pp. 164–165). The central argument of this study is that the traditional assumptions of forensic linguistics—namely intra-author consistency (the expectation that the same author exhibits similar linguistic features across different texts) and inter-author distinctiveness (the assumption that different authors display distinguishable patterns) (Grant, 2i22)—may lose their unconditional validity in the context of AI-mediated text production. This situation necessitates a re-evaluation of existing conceptual frameworks. As a contribution, the study proposes a reinterpretation of Love’s (2ii2) functional model of authorship in the context of AI, highlighting the distinction between artificial idiolect and human idiolect (Coulthard, 2ii4). From a methodological perspective, the importance of the multi-layered analysis advocated by Nini’s (2i23) Theory of Linguistic Individuality is underscored, while, in legal terms, the applicability of the Daubert criteria in the age of AI is critically examined.
IDIOM STUDIES IN THE LAST DECADE: A BIBLIOMETRIC MAPPING OF RESEARCH TRACES BASED ON WEB OF SCIENCE
IDIOM STUDIES IN THE LAST DECADE: A BIBLIOMETRIC MAPPING OF RESEARCH TRACES BASED ON WEB OF SCIENCE
(IDIOM STUDIES IN THE LAST DECADE: A BIBLIOMETRIC MAPPING OF RESEARCH TRACES BASED ON WEB OF SCIENCE)
- Author(s):Nurbanu KORKMAZ
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Historical Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Turkic languages
- Page Range:244-262
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Idiom; Bibliometric analysis; VOSviewer; Citation; Web of science;
- Summary/Abstract:This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of idiom research published between 2015 and 2025, utilising data from the Web of Science Core Collection. Despite increasing academic interest in idioms across linguistics, psycholinguistics, education, and applied linguistics, no previous study has systematically explored the intellectual structure, thematic development, and collaborative patterns of this field. To fill this gap, VOSviewer software was used to analyse 2,260 articles with the phrase "idiom" in their titles. Disciplinary distribution, research and citation trends over time, authorship and co-authorship networks, author, country, organisation, and document citation performance, bibliographic coupling of documents and authors, and cooccurrence of author keywords are all included in the study. The results demonstrate the multidisciplinary nature of idiom studies, which are prevalent in linguistics, education, cognitive science, and cultural studies. In terms of publication output and citation impact, the United States, England, and China rank at the top. Idiom, phraseology, figurative language, and translation are common keywords that illustrate the field's wide conceptual scope and its connections to applied linguistics and figurative meaning. Significant conceptual coherence is revealed by bibliographic coupling analyses, suggesting a solid intellectual foundation backed by common ideas and approaches. This study offers the first comprehensive, data-driven review of idiom research over the last ten years, providing insightful information on its major contributors, structural dynamics, and developing topics. Although limited to the Web of Science database and a single analytical tool (VOSviewer), the results establish a solid foundation for future cross-database and multi-tool research. The results can also help scholars identify important works, promote global cooperation, and investigate underrepresented fields such as idioms in digital conversations and cross-linguistic situations.
YA DIŞINDASINDIR DİLBİLİMİN YA DA İÇİNDE
YA DIŞINDASINDIR DİLBİLİMİN YA DA İÇİNDE
(EITHER OUTSIDE LINGUISTICS, OR INSIDE)
- Author(s):Emel KÖKPINAR KAYA
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Historical Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, Psycholinguistics, Sociolinguistics, Stylistics
- Page Range:262-272
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Critical discourse analysis; discourse Analysis; Anti-pozitivist paradigm; Interpretivist paradigm;
- Summary/Abstract:In this article that I present the ways in which the concept of discourse is addressed, I also underline the various methods of analyzing discourse. I specifically aim to examine discourse analysis studies conducted from anti-positivist, interpretive, and critical perspectives. To reveal the philosophical and theoretical stances of these studies, I first address the history of Discourse Analysis. Then, I endeavour to provide an understanding of Critical Discourse Analysis—with its unique position in the field—its methodological stance and the ways that it has been accepted in the academic world. Finally, I present my critical position regarding the status of the field within the Turkish Linguistics circle.
REMARKS ON TURKISH INTERROGATIVE COMPLEMENT CLAUSES AND VERB SUBCATEGORIZATION
REMARKS ON TURKISH INTERROGATIVE COMPLEMENT CLAUSES AND VERB SUBCATEGORIZATION
(REMARKS ON TURKISH INTERROGATIVE COMPLEMENT CLAUSES AND VERB SUBCATEGORIZATION)
- Author(s):Tai MA
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Morphology, Lexis, Turkic languages
- Page Range:273-288
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Turkish; Verb subcategorization; Wh-words; Interrogative complement clauses; Syntax-semantics interface;
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter examines the interpretations of interrogative complement clauses in Turkish, with a focus on the embedded wh-words. Verbs such as unut- (forget) and hatırla- (remember) do not constitute an interrogative environment for the embedded wh-words, and the embedded wh-words are non-interrogative. Interestingly, the two verbs can yield either an interrogative or an indefinite reading. Meanwhile, san- (assume) and şüphelen- (suspect), behaving like desiderative and jussive verbs, do not license an embedded wh-word in their complement clauses. In contrast, düşün- (think), karar ver- (decide) and anla- (understand) yield ambiguous readings for embedded whwords. Moreover, unlike the English counterparts, the embedded wh-words in complement clauses of sor- (ask) and merak et- (wonder) can obtain different scopes, but their interpretations remain interrogative in Turkish. The evidence suggests that the interpretations of wh-words depend on the embedding environments, and this suggests reevaluating the verb subcategorization frame based on the observation that wh-words are not consistently interrogative but also indefinite conditionally (Kratzer & Shimoyama, 2002). The problem relates to the syntax-semantics interface. In conclusion, there are three different types of verbs based on their attitudes towards the interpretations of the embedded wh-words.
SELF-PACED READING TESTS WITH PSYCHOPY: A VERSATILE TOOL FOR LINGUISTIC DATA COLLECTION
SELF-PACED READING TESTS WITH PSYCHOPY: A VERSATILE TOOL FOR LINGUISTIC DATA COLLECTION
(SELF-PACED READING TESTS WITH PSYCHOPY: A VERSATILE TOOL FOR LINGUISTIC DATA COLLECTION)
- Author(s):Engin Evrim Onem
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Psycholinguistics, Sociolinguistics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Turkic languages
- Page Range:289-304
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Self-paced reading; PsychoPy; Linguistics;
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter examines the application of self-paced reading (SPR) tests using PsychoPy software in linguistic research, highlighting the method's ability to provide precise measurements of the cognitive processes involved in language comprehension. It reviews existing studies utilizing PsychoPy to investigate phenomena such as syntactic ambiguity resolution and discourse processing. Furthermore, the chapter proposes a methodological framework for conducting SPR experiments, offering specific guidelines for task design, stimulus presentation, and data analysis. By evaluating the advantages and limitations of this approach, this work aims to contribute to the methodological toolkit of linguists and researchers interested in real-time language processing.
YENİSEY TÜRKÇESİ RUNİK YAZITLARININ BELGELENMESİ: 2024 YILI EPİGRAFİK SAHA ÇALIŞMASI
YENİSEY TÜRKÇESİ RUNİK YAZITLARININ BELGELENMESİ: 2024 YILI EPİGRAFİK SAHA ÇALIŞMASI
(DOCUMENTATION OF YENISEYIAN TURKIC RUNIC INSCRIPTIONS: 2024 EPIGRAPHY FIELD STUDY)
- Author(s):Alexandr V. Savelyev, Yuriy M. SVOYSKIY, Anastasiya A. CHERNUKHINA
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Archaeology, Ancient World, Historical Linguistics
- Page Range:305-310
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Old Turkic runiform inscriptions; Yenisei inscriptions; Turkic epigraphy; runology; Documentation; Photogrammetry; 3D modeling;
- Summary/Abstract:Turkic runiform inscriptions of the Yenisei River basin constitute one of the largest and most intensively studied corpora of Old Turkic epigraphy. Despite more than three centuries of research and an extensive bibliography, further progress has been impeded by fundamental problems in nomenclature, indexing, and source documentation. The Yenisei index has gradually lost its organizing function due to inconsistent principles of codification, parallel naming, inclusion of non-textual monuments, and the attribution of unrelated South Yenisei inscriptions. In addition, much of the available documentation relies on subjective or poorly verifiable materials, while published photographs are often retouched or technically insufficient for reliable readings. This paper presents the aims, methodology, and results of a large-scale project launched to systematize runiform epigraphic data and to re-document monuments using modern digital techniques. Special emphasis is placed on photogrammetric 3D documentation, producing high-resolution polygonal models that allow algorithmic enhancement of poorly preserved inscriptions. The article summarizes the results of the 2024 fieldwork in Khakassia and Tuva, during which 76 Yenisei runiform inscriptions—approximately half of the known corpus—were documented in museums and in situ. The study demonstrates that three-dimensional models are essential for revising readings and establishing a reliable, verifiable source base for future research.
MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF TURKISH DERIVED WORDS: DOES BILINGUALISM AFFECT THE PROCESSING ROUTE?
MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF TURKISH DERIVED WORDS: DOES BILINGUALISM AFFECT THE PROCESSING ROUTE?
(MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSING OF TURKISH DERIVED WORDS: DOES BILINGUALISM AFFECT THE PROCESSING ROUTE?)
- Author(s):Mürselin TAŞAN, Serkan Uygun
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Morphology, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Turkic languages
- Page Range:311-334
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:Turkish derivation; Morphological processing; Semantic transparency; First language; Proficient late bilinguals;
- Summary/Abstract:It has been suggested that native speakers may develop different processing patterns in their first language as they become proficient second language users. While most of the studies are conducted with heritage speakers whose first language is the minority language in the society they live in, the number of studies that investigate first language as the majority language remains scarce. These studies have shown that high proficiency in a second language can influence first language processing even in the majority language context (van Hell & Dijkstra, 2002; Uygun & Gürel, 2020). The aim of the present study is to explore how proficient Turkish-English late bilinguals process Turkish derived words. 61 monolingual Turkish speakers and 46 proficient TurkishEnglish late bilingual speakers were tested via a masked priming experiment. The stimuli consisted of (i) transparent words (dalga “wave”, dal “dive” and –ga is the derivational suffix), (ii) opaque words (karga “crow”, kar “snow” but –ga does not function as a derivational suffix), and (iii) form/control words (devre “period”, dev “giant”, –re is not an existing derivational suffix). The results showed no significant group differences in the morphological processing of Turkish derived words. While both monolingual and bilingual speakers employed decomposition for transparent and opaque words, no morphological parsing was observed for the form/control words. These results suggest that not only monolingual but also bilingual speakers decompose derived words regardless of their transparency, suggesting that high proficiency in a second language does not affect the morphological processing route of the first language.
UNDERSTANDING HUMOR IN TEMEL JOKES: INSIGHTS FROM CONVERSATION ANALYSIS, CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS, AND SPEECH ACT THEORY
UNDERSTANDING HUMOR IN TEMEL JOKES: INSIGHTS FROM CONVERSATION ANALYSIS, CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS, AND SPEECH ACT THEORY
(UNDERSTANDING HUMOR IN TEMEL JOKES: INSIGHTS FROM CONVERSATION ANALYSIS, CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS, AND SPEECH ACT THEORY)
- Author(s):Abdullah TOPRAKSOY
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Psycholinguistics, Sociolinguistics, Stylistics
- Page Range:335-349
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Humor language; Temel jokes; Conversation analysis; Conversational maxims; Speech act theory;
- Summary/Abstract:What we find pleasurable and funny, or in its broader sense, what we laugh at can often be regarded as ‘humor’. Therefore, humor represents one of the main aspects of everyday interactions. Consequently, the issues like the reasons of laughter and what constitutes humor have been questioned since Plato and Aristotle. One reason that humor has come out as a theatrical form is the pleasure people take in laughing. Indeed, one of the most significant reflectors of humor in language is jokes. This study aims at analyzing and describing the linguistic features of humor in Temel Jokes, a cultural figure in Anatolia, regarding Conversation Analysis, Conversational Maxims and Speech Act Theory. 20 randomly chosen jokes of Temel were determined as the database of the study. In terms of Conversation Analysis, these jokes were studied in terms of turn taking and adjacency pairs; in terms of Speech Act analysis, Austin’s performative speech acts and the framework of Finegan and Besnier based on Searle’s study were made use of. The results showed that turn-by-turn allocation of speeches are dominant in Temel jokes and the humor in these jokes can be said to be created mainly by means of the violation of maxims and less likely by obeying to the maxims. Moreover, answers to the questions; assertions; statements and descriptions were significantly observed in Temel jokes and together with illocutionary acts that are mostly seen in the jokes, these acts also play a significant role in creating humor.
OPTIONAL SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT IN HERITAGE TURKISH
OPTIONAL SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT IN HERITAGE TURKISH
(OPTIONAL SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT IN HERITAGE TURKISH)
- Author(s):Serkan Uygun
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Morphology, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Turkic languages
- Page Range:350-371
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Subject-verb agreement; Turkish; Heritage speakers; Subject animacy; Subject position;
- Summary/Abstract:In Turkish, 3rd person plural subjects normally appear with verbs that are unmarked for number, rendering these verb forms indistinguishable from the singular form. The plural morpheme –lAr is preferentially omitted from the verb, especially in spoken discourse, so as to avoid repeating the same morpheme that also marks plurality on nouns. Plural suffix omission in Turkish is optional and is affected by grammatical, surface-level, and semantic constraints such as subject animacy and subject position. The present study investigates to what extent Turkish heritage speakers are sensitive to these constraints and whether they differ from non-heritage speakers. 48 non-heritage Turkish speakers resident in İstanbul, Türkiye, and 58 heritage Turkish speakers resident in Berlin and Potsdam, Germany, were tested by using a scalar acceptability judgement task. The experimental stimuli were created by manipulating both subject animacy and subject position to test the effect of animacy and subject-verb distance on the acceptability of overt plural marking on the verb. Besides confirming the general preference for singular verb forms, participants' judgement patterns were affected both by subject animacy and by subject position. Significant differences were observed between heritage and non-heritage speakers in their acceptance of plural-marked verbs, suggesting that the relatively subtle interplay between subject animacy and subject position on optional subject-verb agreement marking is not always fully acquired under heritage language conditions.
PHASAL DIAGNOSTICS: A CRITICAL REVIEW
PHASAL DIAGNOSTICS: A CRITICAL REVIEW
(PHASAL DIAGNOSTICS: A CRITICAL REVIEW)
- Author(s):Kardelen Tuana YILMAZ, Murat Özgen
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Morphology, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Psycholinguistics, Sociolinguistics, Descriptive linguistics
- Page Range:372-402
- No. of Pages:31
- Keywords:Phase theory; Multiple spell-out; Agreement; Phasal diagnostics;
- Summary/Abstract:Phase theory posits that syntactic structures are not generated in a single step, but rather through multiple cyclic derivations. Relevant literature regards CP, vP, DP, PredP, and PP as phases. Conceptually, this theory assumes that language is divided into smaller processing units due to the limited capacity of working memory. Empirically, phases are regarded as interface segments that display independent distributions across the perceptual-motor and conceptual-intentional systems. The main criteria used to identify phases include agreement, uninterpretable features, case assignment, extraction, ellipsis, and wh-movement. Our study examined the applicability of these criteria to Turkish, finding that most are incompatible with its structural properties. Consequently, we suggest that the notion of phase should be approached more critically, and that more crosslinguistic data are needed to better evaluate the validity of the phase theory.
