Demokratske promene u Srbiji : stavovi građana i građanki o demokratskoj transformaciji Srbije u protekle tri decenije
Democratic changes in Serbia: views of citizens on the democratic transformation of Serbia in the past three decades
Contributor(s): Milica S. Joković Pantelić (Editor), Goran Bašić (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Governance, Government/Political systems, Electoral systems
Published by: Институт друштвених наука
Keywords: Democratic changes; Serbia; democratic transformation
Summary/Abstract: The works in this thematic collection are based on empirical research data on the attitudes of citizens of Serbia regarding social, economic and political changes in Serbia over the past three decades, which was conducted in 2022 by the Center for Political Research and Public Opinion (CPIJM) of the Institute of Social Sciences (IDN). The authors, all collaborators of the CPIJM and experts in various disciplines of social sciences, shed light on the transformation of Serbia, providing, despite the multidisciplinary character of the collection, a coherent analysis of public opinion in Serbia. With this edition within the Research edition, IDN continues to strengthen, support the development and implementation of empirical research. Due to the conceptual complexity and complex logistics, these researches have long been neglected in the social sciences in Serbia. However, along with the theoretical foundation of ideas, facts and valid data, collected on the basis of modern scientific methodology, they remain the pillars of scientific work, but also the basis for making realistic and effective recommendations and decisions in public policies.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-86-7093-265-4
- Page Count: 227
- Publication Year: 2023
- Language: Serbian
Politička kultura, promene i identitet Srbije
Politička kultura, promene i identitet Srbije
(POLITICAL CULTURE, CHANGES AND THE IDENTITY OF SERBIA)
- Author(s):Goran Bašić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Government/Political systems, Politics and Identity
- Page Range:10-29
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Liberalism; Conservatism; Yugoslavia; Changes; Political Culture
- Summary/Abstract:The nature of the social and political changes in contemporary Serbia has been rooted in a historical narrative and political culture. The excessive insistence on traditionalism and the mythic and heroic past, or the allegory of the heavenly people that cannot attain collective justice, have been distancing Serbia from the contemporary development trends and have proven to be an obstacle to modernisation. Serbian citizens are not inclined to liberal ideas, while the periods in which the conservative population followed the contemporary development trends have been short and far between. The changes that Serbia has faced in following such ideological matrix, during the country’s Yugoslav era, and especially in the last three decades, caused at least four national frustrations that Serbian citizens seem to be unable to resolve: the first concerns the status of Kosovo, the second refers to the position of Serbian people in the post-Yugoslav space, the third deals with the suspense created by the need to become involved in Euro-Atlantic initiatives, while the fourth involves attitudes to diversity.
Javno mnjenje Srbije 2022: Metodološke karakteristike istraživanja (JMS 2022/65)
Javno mnjenje Srbije 2022: Metodološke karakteristike istraživanja (JMS 2022/65)
(Public opinion of Serbia 2022: Methodological characteristics of the research (JMS 2022/65))
- Author(s):Bojan Todosijević
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics, Methodology and research technology, Sociology of Politics
- Page Range:30-53
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:online survey; questionnaire; sample; methodology; weights
- Summary/Abstract:This introductory chapter presents the basic methodological characteristics of the public opinion survey entitled ”Value Attitudes of the Citizens on to the Democratic Transformation of Serbia in the Past Three Decades (1990-2022)” (Public Opinion of Serbia 2022 – JMS 2022/65), which was conducted by the Centre for Political Research and Public Opinion of the Institute of Social Sciences from Belgrade. The survey was based on a convenience sample of respondents of national scope, based on self-administering the questionnaires, either via the Internet (a large part of the sample), or by completing printed copies of the questionnaire. The research is devoted to the attitudes of citizens towards current social and political issues, as well as their perception of political processes, i.e., democratic transformations in the past three decades. The researcher’s intention was to gain insight into the way in which the citizens of Serbia perceive the social and political situation in Serbia, both today, and as it has been since the re-introduction of the multi-party system. This paper includes details about the sampling methods, the method of recruiting respondents, content of the questionnaire, characteristics of the survey process (self-completing of the online questionnaire), the characteristics of the realized sample, and the weights. Suggestions are made regarding the interpretation of the results based on non-probabilistic samples.
Odnos građanki i građana prema vlasti i političkom sistemu u Srbiji
Odnos građanki i građana prema vlasti i političkom sistemu u Srbiji
(THE ATTITUDE OF CITIZENS TOWARDS THE GOVERNMENT AND THE POLITICAL SYSTEM IN SERBIA)
- Author(s):Zoran Lutovac
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics, Political behavior, Sociology of Politics, Politics and Identity
- Page Range:54-83
- No. of Pages:30
- Keywords:citizens; government; political system; legitimacy; empirics
- Summary/Abstract:This paper uses empirical findings and political analysis to determine the extent to which the government and political system in Serbia are legitimate. Aside from elections, which are the most authoritative in determining the strength of this support, it is important to determine the way in which citizens view this beyond campaigning and electoral process itself. Empirical research of this kind is particularly important in societies where elections cannot be described as completely free and fair, media freedom is limited, the rule of law is not developed, and the electoral process itself is under pressure. One of the most important findings of the empirical research is that only 8.6% of citizens believe that the political system in Serbia allows citizens to influence the actions of the government. Only 19% believe that our political system allows all social groups to be treated fairly. The low level of trust in the Assembly, the government and the judiciary is another indicator of the low level of legitimacy of the political system. The fact that the main sources of information are not available to citizens, i.e. that they are under the influence and control of the government, certainly affects the fact that the conditions for fair and free elections are completely limited, which is confirmed by the research results showing that three-quarters of the citizens believe that there are no equal opportunities for all parties to communicate their ideas and political programs to citizens. Another important finding of this research is the existence of a large discrepancy between the election results and the citizens’ attitudes towards the authorities and their results. One of the explanations for this could be that the election results do not reflect the actual mood of the citizens of Serbia, because the elections are not held under democratic conditions.
Građani Srbije i Evropska unija: Razlike na osnovu partijske identifikacije
Građani Srbije i Evropska unija: Razlike na osnovu partijske identifikacije
(CITIZENS OF SERBIA AND THE EUROPEAN UNION: DIFFERENCES BASED ON PARTY IDENTIFICATION)
- Author(s):Irena Ristić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Politics and Identity
- Page Range:84-96
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:European Union; Serbia; membership; public opinion; party identification
- Summary/Abstract:The attitudes of the citizens of Serbia towards the European Union (EU), as well as their attitude towards the European integration of Serbia have been regularly monitored by public opinion polls since 2001. These data show significant fluctuations in support for Serbia’s EU membership: while from 2001-2010 that support ranged from 60% to 70%, there was a decade-long downward trend that started in 2010, and during this period the support fell to between 45% and 55%. While public opinion polls mainly show the value for the entire population, this paper will look into the attitudes of Serbian citizens towards the EU based on their party identification. The findings show a strong support for the European integration of Serbia among the citizens close to liberal parties, although a their disproportionate strong disillusionment with the European Union. Among the citizens close to the parties from the right side of the political spectrum, there is a relative consistency when it comes to the opposition to Serbia’s EU membership and personal feelings towards the EU as a political community. Finally, and this being the most significant finding, the attitudes of the citizens close to the ruling parties do not indicate any particular preference when it comes to the EU membership of Serbia, while their feelings towards the EU are also very indifferent.
Ideološko-politički profil učesnika protesta u Srbiji 1990–2022.
Ideološko-politički profil učesnika protesta u Srbiji 1990–2022.
(IDEOLOGICAL AND POLITICAL PROFILE OF PROTEST PARTICIPANTS IN SERBIA 1990–2022)
- Author(s):Dijana P. Vukomanović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics, Sociology, Politics and society, Sociology of Politics, Politics and Identity
- Page Range:98-115
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:protests; citizens; homo politicus; protest political participation; ideology
- Summary/Abstract:The analysis is aimed at researching the values of the participants of the mass protests in Serbia over the past three decades and reconstructing their ideological and political profile. The protest political participation of citizens is observed in three time-distinctive periods (1990–1999; 2000–2011; 2012–2022) in accordance with the periodization of the key power changes in Serbia. The use of the analytical construct of homo politicus as an abstract, ideal type of protest-active citizen follows the evolution of this type of revolutionary citizenship in Serbia. The evolutionary path is also reconstructed by analysing the categories of ideological self-perception of the protest participants belonging to different ideological families: Europeans, Social Democrats, Leftists, Liberals, Monarchists, Conservatives, Nationalists, Patriots and Rightists. The analysis shows that the 1990s were the “golden age” of political protest activism, followed by a wave of demobilization of civic activism in the decade after October 5, 2000. Protest political participation is compared with the normative- expressive attitudes of the protest participants towards the key institutions of the political system: democracy, leader, parliament, government, judiciary, parties and electoral conditions. The conclusion of the analysis points to a negative correlation between these variables: a lesser degree of trust in institutions implies greater mobilization of citizens to protest.
Politička korupcija u Srbiji
Politička korupcija u Srbiji
(POLITICAL CORRUPTION IN SERBIA)
- Author(s):Milica S. Joković Pantelić, Branka Matijević
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Government/Political systems, Political behavior, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
- Page Range:116-133
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:political corruption; political trust; political institutions; political parties; media; authoritarianism
- Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the forms and causes of political corruption in Serbia. The relationship between systemic and political corruption is particularly considered, including the consequences of political corruption for political and institutional life. The analysis also covers the role media is having in paying attention to the importance of and the fight against political corruption respectively. The paper is aimed at showing the way that Serbian citizens perceive political corruption. Relying on the data from the “Value Attitudes of the Citizens on to the Democratic Transformation of Serbia in the Past Three Decades (1990–2022)” online research, conducted by the Centre for Political Research and Public Opinion of the Institute of Social Sciences, this study is directed towards examining the hypothesis regarding the perception of prevalence of political corruption, and its connections to political trust, authoritarianism and the trust in traditional media. The results show that the citizens find political corruption to be a widespread phenomenon. The research confirms that the respondents who think that political corruption is spread wider have less trust in political institutions and political parties. Moreover, trust in traditional media is lower among these respondents. The results also show that the respondents with a lower score on the authoritarianism scale are more likely to believe that political corruption is a widespread phenomenon.
Individualna autoritarnost kao prediktor izbornih preferencija u Srbiji, od 1990. do 2022. godine
Individualna autoritarnost kao prediktor izbornih preferencija u Srbiji, od 1990. do 2022. godine
(Individual authoritarianism as a predictor of electoral preferences in Serbia, from 1990 to 2022)
- Author(s):Bojan Todosijević
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Government/Political systems, Electoral systems
- Page Range:134-161
- No. of Pages:28
- Keywords:Serbia; authoritarianism; elections; voting; democracy
- Summary/Abstract:In order to verify the thesis about the importance of the dimension of authoritarianism for differentiating the voters of opposing political camps in Serbia in a systematic and comprehensive way, data from a series of public opinion surveys conducted since 1990 were analysed. The first part of the analysis deals with the recalls of respondents’ vote choices over the previous three decades. The second part presents the results of the studies conducted at the time of specific elections since 1990. The analysed data refer to 12 elections, with the total of 22 individual analyses carried out, 9 of which referring to presidential and 11 to parliamentary elections. Authoritarianism is operationalized in several ways, most often in the form of a short scale with questions that can be linked to the original operationalization of the authoritarian orientation by Adorno and associates (1950). The presented results consistently show that the voters of parties characterized by traditionalism, conservatism, national orientation, and often resistance to the democratization of society, generally show above-average scores on the scale of authoritarianism. The voters who support parties with a social-liberal and democratic orientation are generally characterized by lower average authoritarianism scores. Electoral abstainers (except when including those who boycotted elections), as well as the voters of moderate right-wing parties, are also around the national average. The general conclusion is that the association between authoritarianism and electoral preferences has represented a general characteristic of the voters’ behaviour in Serbia during the last three decades.
Strani kapital u Republici Srbiji: Iskustva i očekivanja građana
Strani kapital u Republici Srbiji: Iskustva i očekivanja građana
(FOREIGN CAPITAL IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA: CITIZENS’ EXPERIENCES AND EXPECTATIONS)
- Author(s):Đurđica Stanković
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Economy, National Economy
- Page Range:162-175
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:foreign capital; investments; economy; Republic of Serbia; respondents; worker rights
- Summary/Abstract:Foreign capital greatly impacts the Republic of Serbia’s economy, while encouraging industrial development, reducing the unemployment rate, enabling technological independence, and increasing the international competitiveness of the Republic of Serbia. After the democratic changes in 2000 and the abolition of the sanctions with its access to the international market, foreign investments in the Republic of Serbia intensified, and the trend of attracting foreign investment activities began to be dominant. The paper offers an overview of foreign investment activity in the Republic of Serbia, from the process of transition and privatization until today. The basic research question to which this paper tries to offer an answer is: “Why is the economy of the Republic of Serbia, despite the large inflow of foreign capital and increased investment activity, in danger of falling into the trap of medium development?” The paper will use the statistical method of analysing the survey conducted by the Institute of Social Sciences in the period from May to September 2022, which will try to sublimate the conclusions and results of the research concerning the experiences and expectations of Serbian citizens regarding the business of foreign companies in the Republic of Serbia. The study aims at examining the relationship between socio-demographic variables (level of education, region where respondents live, employment of respondents in the public, private, mixed or non-governmental sector, total monthly income of respondents) and the respondents’ opinions concerning the operations of foreign companies in the Republic of Serbia. Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used in the data analysis. Special attention will be paid to the analysis of the protection of workers’ rights in the foreign companies operating on the territory of the Republic of Serbia.
Evropska unija ili teritorijalni integritet – Sociodemografski faktori kao prediktori
Evropska unija ili teritorijalni integritet – Sociodemografski faktori kao prediktori
(EUROPEAN UNION OR TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY – SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AS PREDICTORS)
- Author(s):Ksenija Marković, Marko Jovanović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Political behavior, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Politics and Identity
- Page Range:176-191
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:territorial integrity; Kosovo and Metohija; European Union; socio-demographic factors; Serbian public opinion
- Summary/Abstract:The paper analyses the influence of socio-demographic factors on the citizens’ prioritization concerning two political issues that are crucial for the development of the society of the Republic of Serbia, namely the EU membership and the preservation of territorial integrity. The initial premise of the authors start is that the resolution of the status of Kosovo and Metohija significantly affects public opinion when it comes to Serbia’s EU membership. The basic hypothesis on which the paper is based is that the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents do not affect their attitudes when it comes to the choice between the EU membership and the preservation of the territorial integrity of the Republic of Serbia. The study follows the quantitative research method: to answer the research question, the authors rely on the data obtained from the “Value Attitudes of the Citizens to the Democratic Transformation of Serbia in the Past Three Decades (1990-2022)” empirical quantitative research conducted by the Centre for Political Research and Public Opinion of the Institute of Social Sciences. The results of the research indicate that no socio-demographic factor can be singled out to have had the decisive influence on whether the respondents give priority to the European Union or territorial integrity. The authors conclude that other factors, such as values and political culture, may prove to be more significant predictors for the formation of the respondent’s position towards the resolution of the status of Kosovo and Metohija and the European Union membership.
Spoljna politika Srbije – Rezultanta strukture međunarodnog sistema i(li) činioca unutrašnje politike
Spoljna politika Srbije – Rezultanta strukture međunarodnog sistema i(li) činioca unutrašnje politike
(THE FOREIGN POLICY OF SERBIA – THE RESULT OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM AND (OR) DOMESTIC POLICY FACTORS)
- Author(s):Milan Blagojević, Marko Mandić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, International relations/trade
- Page Range:192-209
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Serbia’s foreign policy; public opinion; international relations; neoclassical realism; ideological – party identification
- Summary/Abstract:The authors of this paper try to identify and explain the potential causes for Serbia’s foreign policy positioning and strategic adjustments in the international system, with a special emphasis and analysis of the role of public opinion in this process. The paper uses the theory of neoclassical realism, which belongs to the theories of international relations and foreign policy, and the research concept is based on identification of the factors that determine foreign policy behaviour of the state. In addition to structural factors which create more or less permissive environments in which states conduct their foreign policies, the strategic direction can also be influenced by the perceptions of political leaders in the country, strategic culture, the political institutions framework, and general relations between the society and the state, where public opinion stances have the prevailing influence. The paper analyses the synergetic effect of structural factors and the factors of the state’s internal policy on Serbian foreign policy. Special attention is paid to Serbia’s strategic direction and foreign policy moves, and their correlation with the public opinion of the citizens in that area.
Rat u Ukrajini – Srbija ponovo na razmeđu između Istoka i Zapada
Rat u Ukrajini – Srbija ponovo na razmeđu između Istoka i Zapada
(THE WAR IN UKRAINE – SERBIA ONCE AGAIN ON THE EDGE BETWEEN THE EAST AND THE WEST)
- Author(s):Ognjen Pribićević, Željka Buturović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics, International relations/trade, Russian Aggression against Ukraine, Russian war against Ukraine
- Page Range:210-223
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:West; USA; NATO; Russia; Ukraine; Serbia
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this paper is to indicate the possible outcomes of the war in Ukraine and its consequences for Serbia. The differences between the Cold War and this current superpower conflict are analysed. The initial hypothesis of the paper is that the conflict between the West and Russia will last for a long time, that its outcome is unpredictable and that it will narrow the room for manoeuvers in Serbia’s foreign policy which in the last two decades, has tried to maintain the process of European integration but also to defend its territorial integrity. It is to be expected that the pressure of the West on Serbia will increase regarding the harmonization of its external foreign policy with the policy of the EU, but also regarding the signing of the agreement with the so-called Kosovo, which will require Serbia not to oppose the inclusion of the so-called Kosovo in international organizations. Despite the difficulty of the choice that Serbia is facing, we are of the opinion that its political and economic interests primarily lead it in the direction of the EU and the West. In addition to economic and political reasons, Serbia’s geographical position, i.e. the fact that it is located in Europe, surrounded by countries that belong to the EU and/or NATO, guides Serbia in the direction of the EU.
Biografije autora
Biografije autora
(Biography of the author)
- Author(s):Author Not Specified
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences
- Page Range:225-227
- No. of Pages:3
