Između autoritarizma i demokratije : Knj. 3, Nacionalni i državni interes moderne Srbije
Between Authoritarianism and Democracy : Vol. 3, National and State Interest of Modern Serbia
Contributor(s): Dragica Vujadinović (Editor), Vladimir Goati (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, History, Social Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence
Published by: CEDET Centar za demokratsku tranziciju
Keywords: National identity; Serbia; Internal policy; Transition; modernization; anti-modern tendencies; ethnonationalism; transition; democracy; rationality; national interest; state interest
Summary/Abstract: The introductory text of the Collection analyzes the gap between the process of modernization and anti-modern tendencies, in which Serbia currently finds itself. At the center of the discussion is an attempt to determine the difference between the rational and irrational concepts of national and state interest. Particular attention is paid to the destructive consequences of Milosevic's regime, then to the current growing extreme-right processes and anti-modern tendencies, as well as to the perpetuation of the military concept of 'greater Serbia'. There is an understanding that the rational state interest of modern Serbia must be brought into direct connection with the normative task of establishing constitutional democracy, building in the full and true meaning of civil/republican order. In this sense, the rational national interest can be realized if, on the foundations of constitutional democracy, one goes - with the rejection of self-isolation and xenophobia - in the direction of openness for cooperation, for interaction, communication, tolerance, enrichment through economic, cultural and social mutual influences, taking over in an authentic way the positive achievements of others, while accepting the highest standards of civilization as one's own.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-86-83767-24-3
- Page Count: 276
- Publication Year: 2007
- Language: Serbian
Pojam nacionalnog interesa i međunarodni položaj Srbije
Pojam nacionalnog interesa i međunarodni položaj Srbije
(The concept of national interest and the international position of Serbia)
- Author(s):Vojin Dimitrijević
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Constitutional Law, Civil Society, Political behavior, Politics and society, Nationalism Studies
- Page Range:29-44
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:realism; idealism; Serbia; Načertanije; Garašanin; nationalism; self-determination; territorial integrity; Aland Islands; Society of Nations; Russia; Austria; Serbia; Montenegro; Croatia; Macedonia
- Summary/Abstract:National interest is one of the central concepts in "realist" theorizing about politics: "political realism" has always been a way of interpreting political relations. The realist school dominated until recently the study of international relations, starting from the fact that the main motive of the subjects of those relations is to serve the national interest, translated into power. In Serbia, for a long time, it was considered that it was about a nation, rather than a state, that Serbia does not exist outside of Serbia and that history determined it to represent general Serbian interests. The discussion about state interest would be possible only after Serbia unequivocally gains complete independence as an independent state, which happened recently. The question is, however, whether "national interest" has become a useful analytical term in today's Serbia.
Državni i nacionalni interes; ekonomska strana
Državni i nacionalni interes; ekonomska strana
(State and national interest; the economic side)
- Author(s):Vladimir Gligorov
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, National Economy, Constitutional Law, International relations/trade, Nationalism Studies
- Page Range:45-51
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:nationalism; Lord Acton; mercantilism; populism; oligarchic economic regime; the unsustainability of economic policy
- Summary/Abstract:Lord Acton's idea that nationalism is irrational because it pursues unachievable goals is of particular importance to economic nationalism, since it has no means by which it can ensure economic efficiency in international economic relations. In addition to inefficiency in a small country and economy, economic nationalism leads to the formation of an oligarchic economic regime. Traditionally, economic nationalism was mercantilist, striving for a surplus in foreign exchange. In Serbia, he is populist, as a consequence of political instability. As a result, Serbian economic nationalism counts on being financed from abroad. This is unsustainable, viewed in the medium term, so a significant correction in economic policy will be needed: either towards liberalization or towards greater closure.
Srpska socijalistička levica i nacionalni interes između "zavetnih ciljeva" srpskog naroda i njegove moderne države
Srpska socijalistička levica i nacionalni interes između "zavetnih ciljeva" srpskog naroda i njegove moderne države
(The Serbian socialist left and the national interest between the "covenant goals" of the Serbian people and their modern state)
- Author(s):Latinka Perović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Governance, Sociology, Political behavior, Politics and society, Nationalism Studies
- Page Range:53-63
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:the left; socialism; radicalism; liberalism
- Summary/Abstract:This contribution presents a summary of the views of the Serbian socialist left in various stages of its history on the unification of the Serbian people, which is the central idea of its modern history. Rejecting the big-state ideology that aspired to the restoration of the Serbian medieval state and revenge for Kosovo, the Serbian socialist left did not even find an alternative in the state whose goal was the individual. At the basis of its programs is the idea of a complex state, a federation of Balkan or South Slavic peoples, but also a collectivity (nation or class), not an individual. Announced for the first time in a public lecture in Belgrade in the nineties of the last century, the main theses of this review were verified and supplemented by the results of research carried out in the following years and shaped in the monographs of the contributors listed in Sources and literature.
Nacionalizam nemoguće države - Okvir za razumevanje neuspele legitimacijske tranzicije u Srbiji
Nacionalizam nemoguće države - Okvir za razumevanje neuspele legitimacijske tranzicije u Srbiji
(Nationalism of an impossible state - A framework for understanding the failed legitimation transition in Serbia)
- Author(s):Vesna Pešić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics, Civil Society, Sociology, Political behavior, Nationalism Studies, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:65-78
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:identification; Serbian nationalism; pluralism; resistance to changes; modernization; democracy
- Summary/Abstract:This text examines efforts to change nationalism as a legitimating basis after October 5, 2000, and proposes an explanation for Serbia's failure to replace the nationalistic legitimating basis with a rational-legal one. After considering the attempts to change the legitimation paradigm in Serbia after October 5 and the resistance to their realization, which led to the assassination of the first democratic prime minister of Serbia, the view of Serbian nationalism is presented, which serves as an explanation of why Serbia failed to stabilize as a modern and democratic state.
Politička reprezentacija kao izraz odnosa između većine i manjine
Politička reprezentacija kao izraz odnosa između većine i manjine
(Political representation as an expression of the relationship between the majority and the minority)
- Author(s):Alpar Lošonc
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Civil Society, Governance, Political behavior, Politics and communication, Politics and society, Sociology of Politics
- Page Range:79-98
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:political community; ethnocultural diversity; diffusion of power; political representation; national councils of minorities
- Summary/Abstract:Political relations between the majority and the minority in Serbia are marked by deficit elements in terms of basic consensus, that is, in terms of shaping the basic norms of the political community. They are an expression of differences in relation to the policy of regulation of a complex/heterogeneous community. This paper starts from the fact that the relations between the majority and the minority are related to the constitutional self-understanding of the society. The experiential tendencies discussed in the paper are only an expression of the corresponding self-understanding. Because, in addition to pointing out the disagreement regarding the foundations of the political community, it is also necessary to highlight the weaknesses of regulating the normative framework and the shortcomings of building institutional arrangements related to the position and rights of minorities. The regulation of minority politics, and the different relations between the majority and the minority, is exposed to the processes of power diffusion in Serbia. The rational national interest of Serbia implies a consequent political and legal thematization of the relationship between the majority and the minority within the framework of a well-ordered society, which means not only a legal, but also a changed political perspective based on universalist principles.
Ima li tranzicije iz socijalnog haosa
Ima li tranzicije iz socijalnog haosa
(Is there a transition from social chaos)
- Author(s):Srećko Mihailović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Civil Society, Political behavior, Politics and society, Nationalism Studies
- Page Range:99-142
- No. of Pages:44
- Keywords:nationalism; democracy; anti-European orientation; modernity; passivity; political culture
- Summary/Abstract:Political parties to a considerable extent generate, integrate and direct the value and ideological potential of the subjects/citizens of Serbia. Political parties colonize political culture. A weak civil society is unable to oppose colonization. The limits of this kind of action of political parties are only the deepest layers of the value habitus. Nationalism and ideological orientations such as non-democratic, traditionalist and anti-European are the key dimensions of an amorphous, de facto social-national ideological syndrome in which nationalism and state socialism have the energy potential. At the level of politics, this syndrome is generated, carried and tried to be realized primarily by SRS and SPS. National openness, democratic orientation, European orientation, political and social activity and guided activism are the key dimensions of the syndrome of modernity that gathers, integrates and directs the values and behaviors of this provenance. At the level of politics, this ideological concept - in occasional cooperation - is supported, carried and tried to be realized by DS, G17 plus, LDR with the occasional involvement of DSS. Political actors of both options entice and make their supporters happy: some with the promised social-national state, and others with the charms of Europe and the all-powerful market. The common characteristic of both is the orientation towards maintaining and creating passive supporters - subjects - active only when they need to go to the polls and vote for them. In this context, parties inaugurate their ideological lures in global (national, state) interests. But can global interests in general be seen differently if citizenship and the public (more or less) exist only at the level of a theoretical construct.
Nulta tačka politike - Blokada, stagnacija i regresija
Nulta tačka politike - Blokada, stagnacija i regresija
(Zero point of politics - Blockade, stagnation and regression)
- Author(s):Ratko Božović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Sociology, Political behavior, Politics and society, Sociology of Culture
- Page Range:143-161
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:change; transition; culture; tradition; mentality; elites; intellectuals; journalists; the media; the truth; morality; crime; hatred; lustration; brain drain; fear
- Summary/Abstract:In thematic diversity, and even thematic "incompatibility", this text states not only the state of social stagnation but also regression. The period of transition here was met by society in Serbia unprepared and immature, in a state of complete disintegration. The moral crisis is the deepest. It will be the hardest to get out of. It has been shown that where human existence is devalued, it is also the most difficult to achieve democratic changes and civil society. Escape into self-isolation is recognized as an anti-civilizational process and as a collapse of historical-epoch tendencies. That is why there is also drastic uncertainty in bringing essential changes to life.
Suočavanje s prošlošću - uslov stvaranja moderne srpske države
Suočavanje s prošlošću - uslov stvaranja moderne srpske države
(Facing the past - a condition for the creation of a modern Serbian state)
- Author(s):Vesna Pešić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Politics and society, Politics of History/Memory
- Page Range:163-177
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:dealing with the past; mass crimes; constitutional democracy; responsibility; political community; integration; identity; moral responsibility
- Summary/Abstract:This contribution examines the role of dealing with the bad past for the constitution of Serbia as a modern and rational state in the context of the transition that began with the overthrow of the authoritarian regime on October 5, 2000. The analysis of three types of responsibility for serious violations of human rights - criminal, political and moral - showed that today's Serbia has not broken with its bad past because the authoritarian-nationalist identity of the community has been preserved, which prevents a critical attitude towards the past. The issue of collective moral responsibility and its importance for the establishment of a new identity of the state community, based on universal values of individual freedom and the rule of law, was analyzed in particular. Breaking with tribal irrationalism (nationalism) and moral-legal irresponsibility, which brought Serbia into conflict with the international community, its environment and caused internal polarization about its future, is a prerequisite for the establishment of rational national interests of Serbia as an independent state.
Sećanje na zločin - predlog i reakcije
Sećanje na zločin - predlog i reakcije
(Remembrance of crime - proposal and reactions)
- Author(s):Todor Kuljić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Politics of History/Memory
- Page Range:179-191
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:crime; trauma; critical culture of memory
- Summary/Abstract:This contribution is an attempt to indicate not a separate, but a synchronous and mutually connected confrontation with the crimes of Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks in the war of 1991-95. Mass national crimes in the territories of the former Yugoslavia are multiple interconnected, similarly mediated and justified by a more or less constructed hot historical memory. Due to the inextricable intertwining of crimes and the memory of crimes, the one-sidedness of existing confrontations with the past should be overcome: first of all, the exclusivity of the hegemonic official conservative nationalist emphasis on the original and incomparable crimes of other nations and the indisputable victims of one's own people, and then the other, admittedly far less widespread, but also one-sided emphasis on only the crimes of one's own nation, which is visible in some non-governmental organizations.
Da li u Srbiji treba inkriminisati osporavanje ratnih zločina?
Da li u Srbiji treba inkriminisati osporavanje ratnih zločina?
(Should contesting war crimes be criminalized in Serbia?)
- Author(s):Vesna Rakić Vodinelić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Sociology, Criminology, Politics of History/Memory
- Page Range:193-214
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Holocaust denial; war crimes; genocide; incrimination of disputing war crimes
- Summary/Abstract:The mainstream of historical and legal thought in Europe confirms the need for societies with authoritarian pasts to face their past in order to achieve socially desirable and justified goals. Namely, dealing with the bad past is necessary for a democratic future. The past that society has not faced remains unconquered, and the unconquered past governs the present. Forgetting, without any social agreement about it, means the social justification of the evil past. Instead, in Serbia and in other post-Yugoslav societies, forgetting is not only being promoted, but efforts are being made to re-legitimize the evil of the authoritarian and wartime past, most cruelly embodied in the war crimes committed, even though on a global and European level, the opposite is being done and all tendencies show a movement towards various legal measures to prohibit contestation of war crimes. In order to come to a conclusion as to whether the incrimination of contesting war crimes is necessary in Serbia, a comparative review of legislation and international documents was made and generally accepted arguments for and against incrimination were presented. It is concluded that the decision on incrimination cannot be made only on the basis of doctrinal argumentation, but also on the basis of an assessment of practical needs that are manifested in the specific context of political and social life in Serbia. Decisive arguments should be sought in the predominant attitude of public opinion about the crimes committed in the name of Serbia and by Serbs in the wars of 1991-1999, in the state policy of persecution and punishment of the criminal offense of spreading racial, national and religious hatred and intolerance, as well as in Serbia's international obligations arising from its approach (?) to the European Union.
SANU o nacionalnim i državnim interesima; Akademija na mlakoj vatri (ne)podnošljive klonulosti
SANU o nacionalnim i državnim interesima; Akademija na mlakoj vatri (ne)podnošljive klonulosti
(SASA on national and state interests; An academy on a tepid fire of (un)bearable languor)
- Author(s):Božidar Jakšić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Nationalism Studies
- Page Range:215-239
- No. of Pages:25
- Keywords:Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts; Serbian national interest; the state interest of Serbia; the status of Kosovo and Metohija
- Summary/Abstract:The basis of this paper is an attempt to search for an answer to the question of whether it is possible to guess - although it is possible, what is the way out of the isolation, self-isolation and stigmatization of SASA in the conditions of insufficiently strong democratic potential of Serbian society. In principle, from a methodological point of view, the Academy was observed through the prism of its own documentation. Efforts to restore the reputation of the Academy are analyzed in several points. These are, after an insight into the general situation after the political changes in 2000, overcoming the difficulties surrounding the renewal of international cooperation, the issue of accepting new, younger members, the state of work on the traditionally oldest SANU project (from 1893) - the SASA Dictionary and, finally, SASA's attitude towards the most important state issue of modern Serbia - the issue of the status of Kosovo and Metohija. Consideration of these moments was essential for understanding SASA's efforts to remove from its name the stigma that, with good reasons or without, followed the Academy in the last decade of the last century. Analysis of the situation in SASA after 2000 showed that the potential of critical thinking in the Academy is at a very modest level. Until it reaches a higher level and becomes capable of rationally articulating human material and cultural misery and frustrations into demands for the life of free people, SASA will languish in a state of empty representativeness and live on the lukewarm fire of (un)bearable lethargy.
Srpska pravoslavna crkva u ciklusu kosovske drame
Srpska pravoslavna crkva u ciklusu kosovske drame
(The Serbian Orthodox Church in the cycle of Kosovo drama)
- Author(s):Mirko Đorđević
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Politics and religion
- Page Range:241-253
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Serbian Orthodox Church - SPC; official documents; statement of the Parliament and the Synod; the difference between the official position and the bishop's statements; Kosovo
- Summary/Abstract:This paper deals with the formation of the position of the Serbian Orthodox Church towards the possible status of Kosovo from 2000 until now. That position, in fact, agreed earlier, was highlighted in the Memorandum on Kosovo and Metohija of the Holy Synod of Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church, but it was supplemented and even changed during this period, but not in essential features. The position from the official documents of the Synod and the Assembly of the Serbian Orthodox Church is highlighted and compared with the previous statements of certain bishops, the difference in the documents and statements is easily noticed, the assumption is made about the changes in the position, which will occur in the final act of the "Kosovo drama". A necessary distinction was made between strictly ecclesiastical positions and positions that are emphatically political and adjusted according to positions represented by the current ruling coalition. Those views are present in the report on the work of the state negotiation team, which, for the time being, has been compiled as a state-church negotiation team. Marked sources and literature confirm this.
Državni interes kroz prizmu opredeljenja vladajućih partija
Državni interes kroz prizmu opredeljenja vladajućih partija
(State interest through the prism of the determination of the ruling parties)
- Author(s):Vladimir Goati
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Politics, Governance, Government/Political systems, Electoral systems, Political behavior
- Page Range:255-271
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:ruling coalition; headquarters party; coalition arrangement; elections
- Summary/Abstract:Parties, as the most powerful actors in the democratic political system, strive to achieve the best possible result in the elections and to form the government independently or in a coalition. The change of parties in power usually has a significant impact on state policy. If the government is formed by coalitions of parties - as is the case with Serbia from 2000 to today - the biggest influence is achieved by the central parties. In the three coalition governments in Serbia, in the observed period, the main parties were the Democratic Party and the Democratic Party of Serbia. The three aforementioned coalition governments, under the decisive influence of the central parties, in the observed period defined the priority state interests of Serbia in different ways.
