Romii - Cunoaștere, Conștientizare, Conviețuire
Roma - Knowledge, Awareness, Coexistence
Author(s): Marius Lakatos-Iancu
Contributor(s): Tudor Alexandru Sălăgean (Editor)
Subject(s): Anthropology, Cultural history, Sociology, Comparative history, Ethnohistory
Published by: MUZEUL ETNOGRAFIC AL TRANSILVANIEI
Keywords: Roma; knowledge; awareness; coexistence; cultural heritage; traditions; customs; way of life
Summary/Abstract: The book Roma – Knowledge, Awareness, Coexistence primarily addresses a specific need for the Roma people to be heard, understood, and appreciated from the perspective of their unique cultural heritage, traditions, customs, and way of life. It’s not intended as a representation of the challenges and hardships faced by the Roma community since their origins and first mentions on European and Romanian territories. On the other hand, the book aims to improve the knowledge acquired through social, economic, cultural, and religious research on the Roma minority, knowledge resulting from research undertaken by Roma elites within the doctoral university environment. The volume comprises a collection of scientific articles written by Roma doctor or doctoral students from various universities includingthose of Cluj, Bucharest, Arad, and Timişoara. The articles are distinguishedby the topics they cover, but their common thread is their focus on the Roma minority. Each article presents and analyzes the research topic from the perspective of the Roma community. Overall, this volume covers a wide range of scientific approaches on the Roma community. These include tangible and intangible cultural heritage specific to the community, the role and impact of school mediators on the community, the position and role of Roma womenwithin their communities, issues related to slavery, law among familiesof Gabori Roma, mixed marriages, the impact of the pandemic on primary education, housing, pastoral methods in relationships with the Roma community, ethnographic heritage through brass band music, representation of Roma communities, Roma crafts, and other factors that define Roma ethnicity. The volume took shape after an initial, amicable discussion between a Roma expert from the county public administration, a post‑doctoralstudent from the Doctoral School of Population Studies and History of Minorities at Babeş – Bolyai Cluj University, and faculty members from the doctoral school, including its coordinator. The conversation began with the aim of organizing an academic conference for Roma doctors and post‑doctoral students, marking the first of its kind. Therefore, December 16, 2022, represents the national debut of the academic conference for Roma doctoral and post‑doctoral students, named Roma – Knowledge, Awareness, Coexistence. It also signifies the collaborative decision made by conference attendees to publish this volume. We strongly believe that the publication of Roma – Knowledge, Awareness, Coexistence will bring significant value to the field of academic literature. This is due, in part, to its potential use in similar research studies as a bibliographic reference, as well as in bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral works. Additionally, it could be regarded as a best‑practice model for other conferences focused on Roma‑related themes.Finally, we would be deeply honored if this volume not only served as a source for quotations or references in the creation of similar works but also as a valuable resource for readers to enhance their understanding of the Roma people, their history, and other cultural aspects specific to this ethnic group. We hope it proves effective in promoting knowledge and awareness of the Roma community. The content of the volume approaches a variety of topics on Roma communities from historical, economic, educational, administrative, legal and religious perspectives. Thus, the volume includes a total of nine articles analysed, researched and written by Roma doctors and/or PhD students, each article dealing with its own research methodologies and highlighting their results. Whether we refer to each author’s own experience or to the approach of the article presented, the reader will certainly have the opportunity to delve into a variety of new topics on the Roma.If we were to set out a few fundamental ideas from the substance of each article, part of the volume Roma – Knowledge, Awareness, Coexistence, they would boil down to the following notions. The article „The evolution of the process of organization and representation of the Roma in the post‑communist period”, with Mariusand Alina Lakatos‑Iancu as authors, illustrates and analyzes a series of circumstances in which to highlight how the formal and informal leaders of the Roma community, in the post‑communist period, have added value to the Roma community, both in terms of the idea of valorization of cultural heritage and in terms of affirmation and assumption of ethnic and cultural identity. The article „The involvement of the Romanian state in mixed marriages between Romanians and Roma during the 18th and 20th centuries”, author Daniel Caraivan illustrates, as the title states, a series of notions regarding the marriages between Romanians and Roma, stages, effects and the course of marriages and marriage itself in several historical periods.The article „Roma between ignorance and traditional crafts” by Marius Imre Parno illustrates a series of models of traditional and non‑traditional economic activities practiced in the Roma communities of Timişoara and Cluj‑Napoca in the context of identity dynamics and belonging to the family of origin. The article „Roma between mystery, Christianity and bondage”, author Cristinel‑Constantin Roman, an article that aims to expose as detailed as possible, aspects related to Roma in terms of migration, the emergence of this group in Europe and in Romanian territories, in the religious, linguistic and social context. The article „Pastoral care of the Roma” by Pr. Marin Trandafir Roz, presents an analysis of those intervention mechanisms at the level of parishes where a significant number of Roma are affiliated in terms of their relationship with them, their involvement in church activities, the assignment of roles and responsibilities. The article „The justice customs or the «gypsy judgement» of the Roma gabori” by Gabriel Sala, presents a series of circumstances that reveal the desire of the communities to resolve their intrinsic problems in accordance with the principles and inherited traditions of this people. The article „Roma housing – from socialism to capitalism and European inclusion”, author Eugen Ghiţă, exposes housing and settlement issues are some of the most pressing problems faced by the Roma population, along with education, employment and healthcare. The article „Exploring hope in Roma Christianity: A Theologicaland Ethnographic Analysis of Transformative Spiritual and Social Dynamics”, authored by George Rafael Năstase, explores the concept of hope in Roma Christianity through a theological and ethnographic lens respectively, to understand how hope is perceived and lived among Roma Christian communities, highlighting its transformative impact on their lives. The article „The role of the school mediator in the integration of Roma students in the educational system”, author Liliana Chiriac, exposes the role of the school mediator in the integration of Roma students. The article highlights the educational problems faced by the Roma population and how the measures taken after 1990 have had a visible impact on the integration of Roma pupils in the education system. Thus, the publication Roma – Knowledge, Awareness, Coexistence provides readers with essential knowledge of the Roma people and their history over time. A deeper understanding of the Roma community, accepting them, and promoting coexistence depend on individual efforts to engage and invest in this process. To truly know any group of people, regardless of their ethnicity, principles, culture, or way of life, we must first seek to understand them and avoid viewing them with any sense of inferiority. Researching the Roma people to deepen our understanding of their culture, way of life, and history, can help to reduce cultural and historical prejudices towards this minority group. An unbiased and honest analysis of the Roma history, traditions, way of life, and professions, coupled with support for revitalizing their cultural heritage and acceptance of the Roma people, are all essential measures in eliminating studies on the Roma that begin with statements such as „The position of Roma in society is… UNCERTAIN”. These actions can promote a more positive, accurate, and comprehensive understanding of the Roma community.The volume includes scientific articles written by young Roma researchers, either undergraduates or graduates of doctoral programs at the universities of Cluj-Napoca, Bucharest, Arad and Timisoara. The volume attempts to capitalize on a set of social, economic, cultural and religious knowledge about the Roma minority, knowledge resulting from the research work undertaken by Roma elites in the doctoral university environment. As a whole, the book includes scholarly approaches to the Roma in terms of tangible and intangible cultural heritage specific to this ethnic group, including: the role and involvement of the school mediator in the welfare of the community, the role and position of Roma women in the community, slavery, judgment among the Roma Gabor families, mixed marriages, housing, racism, pastoral methods in the relationship with Roma ethnic, ethnographic heritage through brass band music and Roma crafts.
- Page Count: 214
- Publication Year: 2024
- Language: Romanian
ORGANIZAREA ŞI REPREZENTAREA ROMILOR ÎN PERIOADA POSTCOMUNISTĂ
ORGANIZAREA ŞI REPREZENTAREA ROMILOR ÎN PERIOADA POSTCOMUNISTĂ
(ORGANIZATION AND REPRESENTATION ROMA IN THE PERIOD POSTCOMUNIST)
- Author(s):Marius Lakatos-Iancu, Alina Lakatos-Iancu
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Ethnohistory, Local History / Microhistory
- Page Range:19-54
- No. of Pages:36
- Keywords:leader; association; representation; roma; identity
- Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to illustrate and analyze how formal and informal leaders of the Roma community, in the post‑communist period, brought more value to the Roma community, both from the point of view of the valorization of cultural heritage and and also of affirming and assuming the ethnic and cultural identity.About half a century, more specifically 43 years, between 1947 and 1990, the Roma in Romania were not only not represented by any legal entity, but they were not recognized as an ethnic minority, although they represented about 1.5% of the total population. Only in 1990 the Roma were recognized as a minority, and with it, were born the first associations, political parties, unions and groups established for the purpose of representing the Roma. At the same time, shortly after this movement, the first public policies for Roma inclusion are adopted, which, in addition, support a series of measures aimed to contribute to the representation of Roma at institutional level.Thus, the study will expose the historical evolution of the Roma people since the first attestation on the Romanian territory, how they were organised both in the family and in society. It will deepen the decisions of the political, cultural, administrative and educational mechanisms, which were the basis of the Roma representation, and how they contributed to the support of the Roma immaterial cultural heritage and for the closer knowledge of the specifics of this ethnicity by the members of society. The first part of the study will provide a brief introduction regarding the organization and representativeness of the Roma in various periods or significant historical events for the ethnic (slavery, the Holocaust) and will involve some defining theories and concepts specific to this topic.The second part, the essence of the study, will analyze the most important events, public policies and, last but not least, the measures that, after 1989, contributed even a little to the knowledge and recognition of the Roma as a national ethnicity. At the same time, the study will briefly show the evolution of the representativeness of the Roma in terms of the formal and informal leaders of the community, as well as how this representation proved its contribution to the valorization of the Roma culture and the assumption of their own ethnic identity, with a focus on Cluj County.
- Price: 4.50 €
IMPLICAREA STATULUI ROMÂN ÎN CĂSĂTORIILE MIXTE DINTRE ROMÂNI ŞI ROMI DE‑A LUNGUL SECOLELOR XVIII–XX
IMPLICAREA STATULUI ROMÂN
ÎN CĂSĂTORIILE MIXTE DINTRE ROMÂNI ŞI ROMI DE‑A LUNGUL SECOLELOR XVIII–XX
(INVOLVEMENT OF THE ROMANIAN STATE
IN MIXED MARRIAGES BETWEEN ROMANIANS AND ROMA THROUGHOUT THE 18TH-20TH CENTURIES)
- Author(s):Daniel Caraivan, Daniel Caraivan
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Ethnohistory, Local History / Microhistory
- Page Range:55-75
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:mixed marriages; roma; holocaust; slavery; communism
- Summary/Abstract:This article analyzes the legislative influence of the Romanian state in the process of mixed marriages between Roma and Romanians during and after slavery. The article aims to provide a broad and comprehensive perspective on this sensitive and important issue for Romanian history and culture, by examining the situation of mixed marriages from two perspectives: ethnic and social.The article first examines the concept of mixed marriage and its social construction, in relation to social standards and criteria for evaluating diversity. Further, data and information are presented regarding the legal framework regulating such marriages, including the code of laws issued in Romania and Moldova.The author then analyzes the evolution of mixed marriages between Romanians and Roma in different historical periods, starting from the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century, when the social situation of the Roma influenced these marriages. Additionally, the impact of mixed marriages during the Holocaust is examined, as well as how they affected the life of the roma community. Finally, the analysis focuses on the impact of the communist regime on mixed marriages between Romanians and roma and how it influenced their evolution during that period. Through this detailed and exhaustive study, the author offers a comprehensive perspective on mixed marriages between Romanians and roma, highlighting the involvement of the Romanian state in this sensitive and important issue for Romanian history and culture. This academic article represents a significant contribution to understanding the history and evolution of mixed marriages in Romania and Moldova.
- Price: 4.50 €
ROMII ÎNTRE IGNORANŢĂ ŞI MEŞTEŞUGURILE TRADIŢIONALE
ROMII ÎNTRE IGNORANŢĂ ŞI MEŞTEŞUGURILE TRADIŢIONALE
(ROMA BETWEEN IGNORANCE AND TRADITIONAL CRAFTS)
- Author(s):Marius Imre Parno
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Ethnohistory, Local History / Microhistory
- Page Range:77-95
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:roma ethnicity; roma relationship; traditional jobs; roma; gipsy
- Summary/Abstract:Romania is home to the largest Roma community in Europe. Although it has been 167 years since the Roma were de‑segregated in Moldova and Romania, they live in poverty, in marginalized communities, without access to resources to lead a decent life.Roma handicrafts are no longer a source of income for most Roma and are practicing in isolation. This community is under the attention of local, central zone and European public institutions as well as Roma NGOs. Official documents mention Roma since the second half of the 14th century on the territory of Romania3. The Roma ethnic group is made up of several races. The name of these nations is generated by the occupation practiced, for example: the nation of the lute‑players, the nation of the gabori, the nation of the lickers, the nation of the goldsmiths, the nation of the silversmiths, the nation of the spoilers, the nation of the florists, the nation of the blacksmiths etc. Sociologist Vasile Burtea lists 18 nations of Roma4.Our research objective was to identify the patterns of traditional and non‑traditional economic activities practicing in the Roma communities of Timisoara and Cluj‑Napoca in the context of identity dynamics, and to identify the traditional and non‑traditional socio‑economic activities practicing in the Roma communities of Timişoara and Cluj‑Napoca, according to their ethnicity. We undertook quantitative research.We used the interview operator questionnaire – a reliable method to obtain a faithful and representative picture in a short time. Roma from Timisoara and Cluj‑Napoca participated in the research.
- Price: 4.50 €
ROMII DIN EVUL MEDIU ÎNTRE MISTER, MAGIE ŞI ROBIE
ROMII DIN EVUL MEDIU ÎNTRE MISTER, MAGIE ŞI ROBIE
(ROMA IN THE MIDDLE AGES BETWEEN
MYSTERY, MAGIC AND SLAVERY)
- Author(s):Cristinel Constantin Roman, Cristinel Constantin Roman
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):History, Cultural history, Local History / Microhistory
- Page Range:97-112
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:atinganos; egyptian; christian; slave; canon
- Summary/Abstract:The present article has a relatively large extent in terms of space and period in the mysterious history of the Roma. During this work I will capture aspects related to migration, the appearance in Europe and in the Romanian territories, in the religious, linguistically and social context mentioned in the documents with reference to the Roma. Since the Roma migration takes place along a route that is uncertain, but linguistically and genetically argued, the coherent and perceptible identification of the main moments is impetuously necessary also from the perspective of the names and occupations attributed to the Roma. The fact that historical events do not highlight relevant Roma characters allows the reproduction and highlighting of elements of social history specific to the Roma ethnic group. Since the first documentary mentions with information about the Roma population, in the Romanian territories, show their state of slavery, and the perpetuation of an imposed name for the members of the ethnic group, the historical context of the appearance of the Roma both in the areas near Romania and in the Romanian territories becomes a very important one. Why do Roma appear as slaves in historical documents?Gypsies can only be born slaves…
- Price: 4.50 €
PASTORAŢIA ROMILOR – BAZELE RELAŢIONĂRII ÎNTRE CLERIC ŞI ENORIAŞI
PASTORAŢIA ROMILOR – BAZELE RELAŢIONĂRII ÎNTRE CLERIC ŞI ENORIAŞI
(ROMA PASTORAL MINISTRY - THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLERGY AND PARISHIONERS)
- Author(s):Marin Trandafir Roz
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Ethnohistory, Local History / Microhistory
- Page Range:113-129
- No. of Pages:43
- Keywords:church; priest; roma; church service
- Summary/Abstract:This research paper mostly involves a personal approach, which in addition to the bibliographic sources specific to its theme will also show a series of facts experienced by myself from my position as a cleric in a Rroma parish. The relationship between parishioners and clerics is usually based on the respect they have toward the priest, parish priest, cleric, or deacon, without going deeper into the relationship with the representative of the parish at a personal level, the neighbour, friend, fellow etc. Thus, the research paper will show an analysis of those intervention mechanisms at a parish level, looking at those affiliated with it and at a significant number of Rroma people from the point of view of the relationship with them, their implication in the activities of the church, their roles and responsibilities. So the research will analyse the most relevant mechanisms the representatives of the church use, starting from the concept of mission in the Rroma community, as well as how it is received by the members of these communities, and how they perceive the rules they must follow during service.
- Price: 4.50 €
CUTUMA JUSTIŢIARĂ SAU „JUDECATA ŢIGĂNEASCĂ” LA ROMII GABORI
CUTUMA JUSTIŢIARĂ SAU „JUDECATA ŢIGĂNEASCĂ” LA ROMII GABORI
(THE CUSTOM OF JUSTICE OR "GYPSY JUDGMENT" FOR THE ROMA)
- Author(s):Gabriel Constantin Sala
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Ethnohistory, Local History / Microhistory
- Page Range:131-155
- No. of Pages:25
- Keywords:common law; judgment; roma; justice
- Summary/Abstract:The equivalent of the „Rroma Law” is found in the teachings of the old folk from the peasant Romanian communities of medieval times, in the traditional judicial customs, and it owes its origins to the collective wish of solving its inherent problems following its specific principles. No matter if we’re talking about Romanians or Rromas, these social elements do not represent a practical outcome of any tendency of the ancient mioritic society to resist the tutelary authority of boyars, nobles, or other state officials. This tendency of taking over judicial attributions, of decentralizing them to a level of local medieval law is a consequence of practical reason, in order to increase the efficiency of the judicial act. It’s also the consequence of reasons corroborated by apprehensions toward the symbiosis between fear and respect for the authority imposed by local powerful figures. The minor problems, in this case, those that didn’t harm the economic interests and the authority of the local elite, which wanted to avoid pointless risks, were preferred to be handled quietly within the community, without exterior interference or supervision. The elites of those times were standing on untouchable pedestals and were implicitly perceived as inhibiting, unapproachable beings, totally ignorant when it came to the simple problems of the community members. Anyway, to tolerate the customs of local communities for the optimal functioning of medieval and modern society, the traditional judicial customs were quietly accepted or officially encouraged by the local representatives of state authority. Most certainly, the „Rroma Law” represented an essential mechanism in the evolution and perpetuation of the community.
- Price: 4.50 €
LOCUIREA LA ROMI – DE LA SOCIALISM LA CAPITALISM ŞI INCLUZIUNE EUROPEANĂ
LOCUIREA LA ROMI – DE LA SOCIALISM LA CAPITALISM ŞI INCLUZIUNE EUROPEANĂ
(ROMA HOUSING - FROM SOCIALISM TO CAPITALISM AND EUROPEAN INCLUSION)
- Author(s):Eugen Ghiță, Eugen Ghiță
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Ethnohistory, Local History / Microhistory
- Page Range:157-173
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:roma; habitation; standards; exclusion; integration
- Summary/Abstract:Throughout the South‑East European region, Roma communities live in conditions of extreme poverty and social marginalization. Housing and settlement issues are some of the most pressing problems faced by the Roma population, alongside education, employment and healthcare. But these areas are actually interlinked, as substandard living conditions lead to ill health, while having legal residence with secure living conditions is a prerequisite for the recognition and fulfilment of other rights. Without an address, it is often impossible to register with public services or perform income‑generating activities. Problems that can result from insecure residence include: forced evictions, lack of security of land tenure, inadequate alternative housing, lack of civil registration and the inability of Roma children to attend school. Addressing housing and settlement issues helps break the vicious circle of exclusion.
- Price: 4.50 €
EXPLORAREA SPERANŢEI ÎN CREŞTINISMUL ROMILOR: O ANALIZĂ TEOLOGICĂ ŞI ETNOGRAFICĂ A DINAMICII SPIRITUALE ŞI SOCIALE TRANSFORMATOARE
EXPLORAREA SPERANŢEI ÎN CREŞTINISMUL ROMILOR: O ANALIZĂ TEOLOGICĂ ŞI ETNOGRAFICĂ A DINAMICII SPIRITUALE ŞI SOCIALE TRANSFORMATOARE
(EXPLORING HOPE IN ROMA CHRISTIANITY: AN ANALYSIS THEOLOGICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC
OF THE SPIRITUAL AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS)
- Author(s):George Rafael NĂSTASE, George Rafael Năstase
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Ethnohistory, Local History / Microhistory
- Page Range:175-187
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:roma; evangelical church; Christianity; transformation
- Summary/Abstract:This study explores the concept of hope in Roma Christianity through a theological and ethnographic lens. It aims to understand how hope is perceived and lived among Roma Christian communities, highlighting its transformative impact on their lives.Using qualitative research methods, the study investigates the role of hope in religious practices such as prayer, reading, and study the Bible with regularity. In addition to spiritual practices, education will be another additional factor contributing to the hope of Roma communities. The subject of this article is intensely analyzed both in the academic and sociological world: the Roma problem, but especially the exploration of hope in evangelical Roma Christianity. Over the past 150 years, the situation of Roma has moved from abolition, extermination, non‑recognition (by the Romanian communist regime) to mass political maneuvering. On the other hand, large sums of money (43.3 billion) have been allocated from the European Union „to improve the lives of vulnerable groups, including Roma communities”.The Roma, however, remain Europe’s largest diaspora, perhaps with the largest number of ethnic churches, searching for religious identity. Considering the turbulent historical context of the Roma and the close connection of Christianity in its traditional form, is Christianity, in its evangelical form, the answer to the search for hope of the Roma?This question is essential for understanding not only religious dynamics, or so‑called „social integration”, but also how the „new religion” could be a factor of hope in vulnerable Roma communities.
- Price: 4.50 €
ROLUL MEDIATORULUI ŞCOLAR ÎN INTEGRAREA ELEVILOR ROMI ÎN SISTEMUL EDUCAŢIONAL
ROLUL MEDIATORULUI ŞCOLAR ÎN INTEGRAREA ELEVILOR ROMI ÎN SISTEMUL EDUCAŢIONAL
(THE ROLE OF THE SCHOOL MEDIATOR IN THE INTEGRATION OF ROMA PUPILS IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM)
- Author(s):Liliana Chiriac
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Ethnohistory, Local History / Microhistory
- Page Range:189-206
- No. of Pages:25
- Keywords:scholl mediator; roma; education; attribute; school dropout
- Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to present the role of the school mediator in the integration of Roma students. The educational challenges faced by the Roma population remain current, despite considerable and sustained efforts made since 1990 for the integration of Roma students into the educational system. Considering that educational issues persist, there is an acute need for a viable solution to provide these children, as well as youth and adults, with a chance. Based on personal experiences and national statistics, a possible solution that can be replicated emerges: the school mediator. Due to persistent problems in many Roma communities in Romania, the school mediator has taken on a multitude of roles. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the actual activities of the school mediator, who assumes a variety of roles in an attempt to contribute to the schooling of Roma students and not only their schooling but also their integration into the educational system. Some roles assumed by the school mediator are beneficial, significantly contributing to achieving outstanding results, while others tend towards diluting the main objective, affecting the functionality of the status and the primary role, engaging in activities unrelated to the integration of Roma students into the educational system.In this paper, I will attempt to clearly delineate what a school mediator should do, their role, and what they actually do, risking taking on roles that deviate them from their core activity.
- Price: 4.50 €