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Proceedings of the 30th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities Cover Image

Proceedings of the 30th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Proceedings of the 30th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities

Contributor(s): Shakeel Khan (Editor), Avgustina Peycheva (Editor)
Subject(s): Business Economy / Management, Public Administration, Economic policy, Higher Education , Behaviorism, Criminology, Economic development
ISSN: 2578-8574
Published by: Scientia Moralitas Research Institute
Summary/Abstract: This publication presents the proceedings of the 30th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities held at American University, in Washington DC, USA, on October23-24, 2022.

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-1-945298-53-0
  • Page Count: 191
  • Publication Year: 2022
  • Language: English
Extension of Endogenous Growth Theory: Artificial Intelligence as a Self-Learning Entity

Extension of Endogenous Growth Theory: Artificial Intelligence as a Self-Learning Entity
(Extension of Endogenous Growth Theory: Artificial Intelligence as a Self-Learning Entity)

  • Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Economic development, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:1-6
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence (AI); Digitalization; Digitalization disruption; Self-Learning; Software; Technology;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Artificial Intelligence (AI) evolution is a broad set of methods, algorithms, and technologies making software human-like intelligent that is encroaching our contemporary workplace. Thinking like humans but acting rational is the primary goal of AI innovations. The current market disruption with AI lies at the core of the IT-enhanced economic growth driven by algorithms – for instance enabled via the sharing economies and big data information gains, self-check outs, online purchases and bookings, medical services social care, law, retail, logistics and finance to name a few domains in which AI leads to productivity enhancement. While we have ample account of AI entering our everyday lives, we hardly have any information about economic growth driven by AI. Preliminary studies found a negative relation between digitalization and economic growth, indicating that we lack a proper growth theory capturing the economic value imbued in AI. We also have information that indicates AI-led growth based on ICT technologies may widen an inequality-rising skilled versus unskilled labor wage gap. This paper makes the theoretical case of AI as a self-learning entity to be integrated into endogenous growth theory, which gives credit to learning and knowledge transformation as vital economic productivity ingredients. Future research may empirically validate the claim that AI as a self-learning entity is a driver of endogenous growth. All these endeavors may prepare for research on how to enhance human welfare with AI-induced growth based on inclusive AI-human compatibility and mutual exchange between machines and human beings.
Challenges and Opportunities of E-Commerce. A Contemporary Context of Pakistan after COVID-19

Challenges and Opportunities of E-Commerce. A Contemporary Context of Pakistan after COVID-19
(Challenges and Opportunities of E-Commerce. A Contemporary Context of Pakistan after COVID-19)

  • Author(s):Shakeel Khan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):National Economy, Economic development
  • Page Range:7-15
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:growth; pandemic; socio-economic; political; COVID-19; e-commerce; developing economies;
  • Summary/Abstract:This research entitles us to know about the surge in trends of e-commerce in a developing country like Pakistan with real time-issues that many of its factors are facing and the potential opportunities in the Pakistan market. These different challenges are poor e-readiness, poor internet access, skepticism, and computer illiteracy. The research focuses on the hovering e-commerce opportunities that got a growth after the COVID-19 pandemic and how the socio-economic and political factors play their role in this regard. This research has used different newspaper, articles and reports as secondary data. Thus qualitative approach was used to find out the imminent opportunities and weaknesses of e-commerce in Pakistan. Finally, after detailed analysis of the data, the research concluded on how to take some lucid steps in order to sort out these issues and get advantage of the potential e-commerce opportunities in Pakistan.
Freedom in Business. Concept and Forms of Manifestation

Freedom in Business. Concept and Forms of Manifestation
(Freedom in Business. Concept and Forms of Manifestation)

  • Author(s):Manuela Nită
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:16-20
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:undertake; legal will; competition; usury clause; consensualism;
  • Summary/Abstract:Liberty is generally regarded as the right of any individual to act according to his own will. This freedom is also transposed in business as the freedom of initiative in which the entrepreneur manifests his legal will according to his interests. The present analysis starts from the role of the principle of freedom in business within the branch of law, in order to identify the normative benchmarks that give it substance and the components of this freedom from an economic and legal perspective, with references to practical elements. The study also addresses the correlation between the values of this freedom and the existence of standard, framework and adhesion contracts that do not exclude the manifestation of the will of the parties in giving content to the business, being protected from any attempt at discrimination or abuse by the authorities. Freedom in business and freedom of contract is analyzed with reference to Romanian and European legislation, but also to specific norms of international trade law, especially regarding the freedom to choose the applicable law.KEYWORDS: undertake, legal will, competition, usury clause, consensualism
Preconditions for the Compliance in Cybersecurity

Preconditions for the Compliance in Cybersecurity
(Preconditions for the Compliance in Cybersecurity)

  • Author(s):Inga Malinauskaite-van de Castel
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Security and defense, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:21-29
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:compliance; cybersecurity; preconditions; compliance implementation;
  • Summary/Abstract:In the last few decades, cybersecurity regulations have developed rapidly, and there have emerged new regulatory areas that may influence security, which were not known before, and which have to be followed up on. Individual persons, companies, and states have to adjust quickly to these new approaches and comply with the norms of cybersecurity. This article reveals the main preconditions for a successful cybersecurity compliance process. The aim of this article is to reveal the preconditions which impact a successful cybersecurity compliance process in organizations and companies.
The Impact of E-Training System on Employees’ Job Performance

The Impact of E-Training System on Employees’ Job Performance
(The Impact of E-Training System on Employees’ Job Performance)

  • Author(s):Dareen Ahmed Farouk
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:30-41
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Human Resourses Management Practices (HRMP); E-Training; Job Satisfaction;
  • Summary/Abstract:The development of information and communication technology has made e-training a vital function of human resource management within any organization, especially in recent years. Reliance on this type of training has increased to invest in human assets and help employees acquire new skills and knowledge, develop their current skills, increase their productivity and raise the quality of their performance in the work environment. The aim of this paper is to explore the impact of the E-Training System dimensions (Efficiency – Methods – Environment) on employee job performance. It is a quantitative study that uses an electronic questionnaire as a data collecting tool from a sample of (103 employees) working in private sector companies in the Egyptian market. The main findings demonstrated that the perceived E-Training dimensions (Efficiency – Methods – Environment) has a positive impact on Employee Job performance. Moreover, it also showed that perceived E-Training efficiency (content & trainer) is the most significant predictor for employee job performance, followed by the E-Training environment. However, there were no significant differences in employees’ perceptions of (a-E-Training Efficiency b- E-Training Methods c- E-Training Environment) according to their gender, educational level, and age groups.
The Involvement of the European Commission in the Implementation of the “European Union for Health” Program for the Period 2021-2027 Relevant Union Legislative Mechanisms

The Involvement of the European Commission in the Implementation of the “European Union for Health” Program for the Period 2021-2027 Relevant Union Legislative Mechanisms
(The Involvement of the European Commission in the Implementation of the “European Union for Health” Program for the Period 2021-2027 Relevant Union Legislative Mechanisms)

  • Author(s):Elise-Nicoleta Vâlcu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:42-46
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:health programme; member states; financing; actions; governance;
  • Summary/Abstract:The need for a new concerted approach by the member states of the European Union starting with 2020, regarding the "EU policy in the field of health" was generated by the outbreak of the crisis caused by COVID-19. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the epidemic caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) as a global pandemic, causing an unprecedented health crisis. Faced with this cross-border threat to public health, the member states have concluded that additional action at the European Union level is necessary to support cooperation and coordination between them. Therefore, the Union co-legislator adopted Regulation (EU) 2021/522 of the Parliament and of the Council on 24 March 2021, establishing a program of action of the European Union in the field of health "European Union Program for Health" for the period 2021-2027 (Regulation (EU) 2021/522 of the Parliament and of the Council of 24 March 2021 establishing an action program of the European Union in the field of health ("the "EU program for health") for the period 2021-2027 (OJ L 107, 26.3 .2021, p. 1-29) repealed Regulation (EU) no. 282/2014. This regulation is mandatory in all its elements and applies directly in all member states from January 1, 2021).
Texas’ Teens Face a Social Media Ban: A New Start or a Recipe for Destructive Isolation?

Texas’ Teens Face a Social Media Ban: A New Start or a Recipe for Destructive Isolation?
(Texas’ Teens Face a Social Media Ban: A New Start or a Recipe for Destructive Isolation?)

  • Author(s):Daniel Kurz, Spencer Jahng
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Media studies, Communication studies, Methodology and research technology, Crowd Psychology: Mass phenomena and political interactions
  • Page Range:47-54
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Adolescence; Internet; Grooming; First Amendment; Networking; Isolation;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Texas State Legislature has been dominated by the Republican Party for over a decade, with solid majorities in both houses. This has enabled it to rapidly take ideas from the so-called ‘Conservative Public Sphere’ and enact them into genuine policy in very short periods of time. In other words, when prominent Texas Republicans think out loud, it is not very long until many of those thoughts become law. Just this June, the conservative Texas Public Policy Foundation called for a ‘Social Media Ban’ based on its own research. According to the Foundation, teens should be totally barred from using all platforms in this sphere until they are adults due to the immense harm they pose to young people. Within a few weeks, major Texas Republicans echoed this sentiment on social platforms like Twitter, with one, Representative James Patterson, going the furthest. He has pledged in the next session to introduce a bill aimed at shutting off social media access to all Texas teens in 2023. (Whiting 2022). In this short paper, we will try to consider what accounts for the enormous speed of radical policymaking. Do these aims go beyond mere protection and exceed the First Amendment rights of teens? How will such a ban be enforced? What are the potential complexities and impact of such a change on the lives of Texas teens?
Aspects of the Seller’s Warranty Against Vices in the Good Sold in Romania

Aspects of the Seller’s Warranty Against Vices in the Good Sold in Romania
(Aspects of the Seller’s Warranty Against Vices in the Good Sold in Romania)

  • Author(s):Robert ȘERBĂNESCU
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):National Economy, Civil Law
  • Page Range:55-58
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:buyer; Civil Law; contract; vices; property; guarantee; rights; consent;
  • Summary/Abstract:The sales contract has the legal nature of a consensual civil legal act, i.e., it takes the form ad validitatem, the simple agreement of will between the parties, if the law does not provide otherwise being sufficient for its valid conclusion. Being a synalagmatic contract, it gives rise to rights and obligations on both sides that are interconnected in order to achieve the agreement of will in the way it was expressed at the conclusion of the contract. However, there are situations when, after the termination of the legal relationship, certain circumstances may arise that make it impossible to exercise the buyer’s ownership right over the purchased asset. In this sense, it is required that the party called the seller, before the termination of the civil legal relationship between him and the buyer, undertakes obligations to guarantee the right of ownership transmitted through the sales contract. The importance of this obligation also emerges from certain aspects that are presumed at the conclusion of any civil legal act, namely, the good faith of the parties at their conclusion, a presumption that can be overturned by any means of evidence by the party invoking bad faith. The article aims to analyze some of the most important aspects of the sales contract in relation to the seller’s obligations to guarantee the buyer against hidden vices of the purchased good. Some conclusions at the end of the paper will aim to summarize all the information presented in a clearer way.
An Exploratory Study on the Grieving of the Bereaved Father in Hong Kong – from Grief Support Workers’ Perspective

An Exploratory Study on the Grieving of the Bereaved Father in Hong Kong – from Grief Support Workers’ Perspective
(An Exploratory Study on the Grieving of the Bereaved Father in Hong Kong – from Grief Support Workers’ Perspective)

  • Author(s):Chi Lok Jerry Wong, Kar Choi Chan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Welfare systems, Evaluation research, Health and medicine and law, Welfare services
  • Page Range:59-73
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:fathers’ grief; Chinese men; pattern of grief; Hong Kong;
  • Summary/Abstract:Chinese culture expects men to be strong and capable of emotional restraint, and therefore, the grief of bereaved fathers is often being overlooked in Chinese society. However, there has been little research done to understand the emotions and needs of these grief-stricken men, especially from the observations and perspectives of support professionals. This exploratory study attempted to address the knowledge gap concerning the bereaved fathers in Hong Kong through interviews of grief support workers. The study aimed at studying the needs and the pattern of grief of these fathers, plus the effects of gender and cultural expectations on their grief expression. Appropriate support and interventions were also explored. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with five grief support workers who had substantial experience in providing support and counseling to bereaved fathers, and reflexive thematic analysis was used in the data analysis. Results of the study showed that the bereaved fathers in Hong Kong tend to maintain their toughness and invulnerability as circumscribed by society and cultural norms amid the loss. Also, behaviors associated with the instrumental pattern of grief are more commonly observed among bereaved fathers. With respect to professional interventions, grief support workers recognized the importance of both instrumental and intuitive pattern of grief when working with the bereaved fathers and indicated that they had greater success in engaging these fathers through culturally-sensitive practice by paying attention to the societal and cultural expectations on men and respecting the fathers’ preferred choice and priority in the grief process.
Behavioral Advantages of Diversity: Strategies to make Inclusivity work in the Age of Corporate Social Justice

Behavioral Advantages of Diversity: Strategies to make Inclusivity work in the Age of Corporate Social Justice
(Behavioral Advantages of Diversity: Strategies to make Inclusivity work in the Age of Corporate Social Justice)

  • Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Behaviorism, Business Ethics, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:74-81
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Authenticity; Behavioral Economics; Behavioral Ethics; Behavioral Insights; Social Justice; Social Transformation;
  • Summary/Abstract:We live in the age of Corporate Social Justice. After decades of advancements in behavioral economics and finance leadership, the time has come to highlight behavioral advantages of diversity. When people make decisions behaviorally with biases and quick error-prone irrationality, diversity can grant implicit means to overcome decision-making anomalies from rational choice. In particular, the present bias can be averted in opting for diversity, which is one of the most future-oriented choices as inclusivity is an innovatively-vibrant field of societal advancement in the age of Corporate Social Justice. Diversity preference for something new curbs repetitive choices and sunk cost fallacies when opting for inclusiveness of the new. Similarity preference biases that lead to suboptimally-limited choice ranges and inflexible considerations of already-known preferences as well as long-term formation of stereotypes and discrimination can be avoided by choosing what is new and different from the given in diversity implementation. Diversity management can also lower harmful social and cultural influences that imply conformity groupthink errors and tunnel vision leading to suboptimal choices and harmful consequences. In order for diversity to work and to reap the multifaceted behavioral benefits of inclusivity, this article also draws attention to three implementation strategies to make diversity flourish and foster meaningful inclusivity: (1) Bundling extremely diverse groups within networks and enhancing constructive exchange between representatives of diverse groups to foster the benefits of cross-pollination and creative ideas generation, (2) Diversification of human capital to profit from complementary skills enhancement, (3) Qualitative and quantitative diversity quality checks to ensure the authenticity of diverse representations within corporations in order to contribute to meaningful and positive societal change that diversity and inclusiveness are – in the end – foremost about.
Climate Change and Security Implications

Climate Change and Security Implications
(Climate Change and Security Implications)

  • Author(s):Alexandru Petrea
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Environmental and Energy policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:82-87
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:climate change; security; conflict; climate security; natural disasters; NATO;
  • Summary/Abstract:Climate change is arguably the first truly global security challenge in that, according to UN reports, only 11 out of the current 193 UN member states do not currently experience its impact in one form or another. In this sense, the Alliance includes in its policies the risks generated by the stress of climate change and orients its security strategies to take into account the impact of climate change. Continuous information, the approach based on prevention and resilience as well as the responsible determination of the energy independence that can be provided by renewable resources are some of the impactful measures in limiting these changes.
Bulgaria and Russia: A Diplomatic Deficit

Bulgaria and Russia: A Diplomatic Deficit
(Bulgaria and Russia: A Diplomatic Deficit)

  • Author(s):Avgustina Peycheva
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):International relations/trade, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:88-97
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Bulgaria; Russia; information operations; diplomacy; NATO;
  • Summary/Abstract:The article examines the contemporary Bulgarian - Russian relations and the definition of NATO information operations through a descriptive political analysis. The scientific relevance of the research topic is found in the insufficient study of it in political science due to its novelty. The purpose of this case study is to analyze the peculiarities of NATO information operations of Bulgarian - Russian relations and assess the possibility to re-apply them for the improvement of the current worldwide state of matters. The policy analysis makes use of the interdisciplinary approach to reassessing and redefining NATO information operations through historical, political, psychological analysis with the perspective of influencing the decision making of adversaries and potential adversaries in order to dissolve disagreements and adopt conflict resolution through communication and inclusivity. The authors H. D. Lasswell and B. McNair, who discuss tactics of manipulation and propaganda are used as a base to explain the theory of information operations. Complimentary authors, who explain for media communication’s influence are ones such as C.E. Merriam, T.V. Adorno, H. Marcuse. The duality of information operations is assessed too. The author concludes that the diplomatic deficit stems from a lack of understanding of information operations worldwide, the lack of clear laws approving, assessing, limiting and punishing for abuses of information operations. As a result, due to the need for peace, stability and development, conditions are created to enhance international efforts to take action against different types of contemporary terrorism and force diplomacy to prevail.
Can the Lacunary Provisions be Covered by a Preliminary Judgement of the High Court of Cassation and Justice?

Can the Lacunary Provisions be Covered by a Preliminary Judgement of the High Court of Cassation and Justice?
(Can the Lacunary Provisions be Covered by a Preliminary Judgement of the High Court of Cassation and Justice?)

  • Author(s):Iulia Boghirnea
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Constitutional Law, Criminal Law
  • Page Range:98-102
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:preliminary ruling; High Court of Cassation and Justice; legislative gap;
  • Summary/Abstract:This study analyzes the possibility, mentioned in the Decision of the High Court of Cassation and Justice no. 77/November 2021 - the Panel for solving some legal issues, in which the supreme court suggests that it could be referred by the judges, entrusted with the solution of the case in the last instance, with a question of law, so as to “facilitate” for them “the elimination of some gaps in the legal texts, the clarification of which is requested, in order to ensure adequate and unified jurisdictional resolutions”. In our opinion, if it were to rule in this situation, the supreme court would add to the law by creating a rule of law, and the preliminary ruling, being binding for all courts, by law, would become a true judicial precedent.
Analysis of the New European Legislative Measures Adopted in the Field of Drug Precursors

Analysis of the New European Legislative Measures Adopted in the Field of Drug Precursors
(Analysis of the New European Legislative Measures Adopted in the Field of Drug Precursors)

  • Author(s):Cristina-Luiza Erimia, Denisa-Elena Dumitrescu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):International Law, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:103-108
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:EU legislation; drug precursors; internal market; legitimate trade;
  • Summary/Abstract:Drug precursors are chemicals that are primarily used for the legal production of a wide range of products such as medicines, perfumes, plastics, cosmetics, etc. However, by diversion from the licit circuit, these chemicals can be used for the illicit production of drugs. Given the wide range of legitimate uses of drug precursors, their trade cannot be banned. To prevent the diversion of precursors from licit channels, specific rules have been put in place at both international and EU levels to control their legitimate trade at EU borders and on the internal market. European legislation on precursors aims to strike a balance between the control needed to prevent their diversion and their legitimate trade and use, without creating unnecessary administrative burdens. This article aims to analyze the legislative measures taken at EU level to monitor the trade in drug precursors between the Union and third countries and the harmonization of the national legislative framework in this area. It also aims to analyze the effectiveness, efficiency, relevance and coherence of the legislative framework on drug precursors and how this is integrated into EU drug policy.
The Effect of Visual and Verbal Elements of Food Product Packaging on Consumer Buying Decision

The Effect of Visual and Verbal Elements of Food Product Packaging on Consumer Buying Decision
(The Effect of Visual and Verbal Elements of Food Product Packaging on Consumer Buying Decision)

  • Author(s):Shaymaa El-Said Salem
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Marketing / Advertising, Business Ethics
  • Page Range:109-119
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Product packaging; Packaging elements; Consumer purchase decision;
  • Summary/Abstract:In today’s business world, marketers operate in a highly competitive and dynamic environment. Competition for consumer attention at the point of purchase has become more intense. Marketers are now fully aware that product packaging plays a critical role in a brand’s marketing strategy to influence shopping behavior at the point of purchase, where most buying decisions are made. Indeed, packaging has become a critical element in product marketing strategy to distinguish a company’s product and deal with the competition. The purpose of this study is to identify consumers’ attitudes toward the visual and verbal elements of food product packaging and to examine its impacts on their buying decision. The main findings indicate that the visual elements of packaging (Color – Design – Shape) affect positively consumers’ buying decisions for food products. However, no meaningful relationship was found between the consumer buying decision and the visual elements of packaging regarding size and materials. The results also demonstrate that the verbal elements of packaging (Product Information – Product Name) affect positively consumers’ buying decisions, While the element of (Country-of-origin) has no effect on their decisions.
From Victim to Aggressor. The Origins of Criminal Behavior

From Victim to Aggressor. The Origins of Criminal Behavior
(From Victim to Aggressor. The Origins of Criminal Behavior)

  • Author(s):Cristian Dan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminal Law, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:120-124
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:bullying; morality; Criminal Law; crime; psychology;
  • Summary/Abstract:In our current society, the situation in which certain people either have a genetic predisposition that gives rise to certain deviant behaviors, or acquire this type of behavior as a result of social experience, is increasingly being debated. However, it is observed that day by day, the crime rate increases exponentially, which leads to the confirmation of the validity of the second hypothesis to a greater extent compared to the first. As can be seen, certain traumas, deprivations, needs and experiences that the individual encounters during his life can give rise to socially unhealthy behaviors and can lead to the development of habits in terms of knowingly violating laws. The present work aims to analyze some such experiences that individuals accumulate in their childhood or adolescence and to make the connection between them and the criminal behavior in the adult life of the person subjected to such treatments by referring to the emotional consciousness of the subject, to the experiences and his feelings in a certain situation. Also, some conclusions at the end of the paper will aim to identify some solutions to avoid the generation of criminal behavior in relation to the reasons underlying its acquisition, presented along the way.
From the Roman Magistratus of the Republic Era to the Absolute Monarchy

From the Roman Magistratus of the Republic Era to the Absolute Monarchy
(From the Roman Magistratus of the Republic Era to the Absolute Monarchy)

  • Author(s):Ionuţ Ciutacu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):History of Law, Economic history
  • Page Range:125-129
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:magistrates; Republic; Principate; Dominate;
  • Summary/Abstract:Republican political institutions appeared in Rome in 509 B.C. They have their origin in the institutions created by the Ancient Romans, who were conservative, proof that they cared about its values. Therefore, they sought to preserve the old institutions, which they considered to be of divine origin. Being, at the same time, pragmatic, they sought to adapt the existing institutions to the new realities, taking them, practically, to the last consequences. They applied this principle not only in the field of Private Law, but also in that of Public Law.
Neo-Confucian Ethics and Economic Development in East Asia: From the Perspective of Confucian Modernity and Political Democracy

Neo-Confucian Ethics and Economic Development in East Asia: From the Perspective of Confucian Modernity and Political Democracy
(Neo-Confucian Ethics and Economic Development in East Asia: From the Perspective of Confucian Modernity and Political Democracy)

  • Author(s):Yuxin Zhang
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Ethics / Practical Philosophy, East Asian Philosophy, Politics and law, Economic development
  • Page Range:130-137
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Confucian; Rise of East Asia; Neo-Confucian Ethics; East Asian Politics;
  • Summary/Abstract:It is a theoretical and practical difficulty to re-examine the relationship between Confucianism and modernization in the era of "cultural globalization" and "postmodern". This study claims that the connection between Confucianism and modernization is determined by the continuity of social development and the historical inheritance of culture, based on the historical perspective and the enlightenment spirit of Confucianism. Even at the start of East Asia's modernization, Confucianism's Tradition never entirely faded from history, and Confucianism's involvement in the transformation of East Asian countries from tradition to modernity is obvious. From East Asia's authoritarian politics to Asian-style democracy, East Asia's political democracy is a shadow of Confucianism rather than a carbon duplicate of Western democracy. The new Confucian ethics has its own logic, emphasizing the importance of the self in all sorts of relationships, as well as the sense of obligation, self-control, self-cultivation, consensus, and cooperation. It places a great importance on politeness and education. It is mostly concerned with the credit community and government leadership. The "new Confucian ethics" incorporated some western principles into its ethical structure, resulting in the formation of a new modernity: East Asian industrial civilization, which aided East Asia's economic prosperity. Indeed, Confucian principles have shaped Chinese merchant culture and spirit in both traditional and modern periods, and the birth and shift of new ideas in Confucianism have the potential to disrupt the tradition. Confucianism will confront greater obstacles as well as more development prospects as society develops and there is more interaction, communication, and dialogue among many cultures around the world. Therefore, this paper presents the close relationship between the Neo-Confucian Ethics and the rise of Asia from the perspective of the modernity of the Confucian tradition in East Asia and Asian political democracy. Neo-Confucian Ethics has shaped Asia's industrial civilization, and Asia's economic development is consistent with the philosophical theory inherent in Confucian ethics.
Considerations of the Beautiful and the Sublime In Art

Considerations of the Beautiful and the Sublime In Art
(Considerations of the Beautiful and the Sublime In Art)

  • Author(s):Simina Georgiana Cherecheș
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Visual Arts, Aesthetics
  • Page Range:138-146
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:beauty; art; sublime; aesthetics; amazement; ecstasy; surprise;
  • Summary/Abstract:By deepening these two themes of the world that surrounds us we find an aesthetics of the environment, of the pleasant environment that we find in beautiful objects and human works created by man over the centuries. By beautiful, we find the idea of pleasantness, of things with an aspect out of relief, of human qualities that we cannot but expose and detail in the most meaningful way. Although the things around us have a certain aesthetic and give us a more pleasant mood, they are transient, like any creation that man has created over time, because they are designed, evolve, and must periodically reinvent themselves in order to preserve this form of beauty. But what truly remains a beautiful thing that always makes us feel good and has remained the same since life on earth began is what we call human qualities, kindness, honesty, love from where we least expect it, and the care we receive from our loved ones. Most famous thinkers expound human values as those that are driven by the idea of beauty. The sublime is what we might describe when we experience a state of awe, when we experience unique moments in our lives, when we glimpse a phenomenon in nature that touches our heartstrings, when we see a rainbow, when we take part in a solar eclipse or a volcano eruption, these things bring man to the point where his heartstrings are touched and he feels life on another level. Although man has succeeded in creating impressive things through painting and sculpture, thus creating a pleasant environment, he does not succeed in exposing artistic experiences as deeply as the natural environment does.
Mental Health Education Programs at Korean High Schools: The Investigation of Student Satisfaction with the Current School-based Programs and Means to Improve

Mental Health Education Programs at Korean High Schools: The Investigation of Student Satisfaction with the Current School-based Programs and Means to Improve
(Mental Health Education Programs at Korean High Schools: The Investigation of Student Satisfaction with the Current School-based Programs and Means to Improve)

  • Author(s):Jiho Chang
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Psychology, State/Government and Education, Health and medicine and law, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
  • Page Range:147-154
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Psychological counseling; School-based mental health education
  • Summary/Abstract:Instances of debilitating stress, depression and suicidal ideation have been broadly documented in academic settings in South Korea. In response, a number of mental health programs have been introduced by schools to help students manage the pressures of academic life and combat hidden narratives of anxiety and depression. Via a week-long survey, this study investigates student responses to various mental health education programs at high schools in South Korea. The voices of the students shed light on their educational needs in terms of positive mental health outcomes, the systematic factors influencing their discontent, and the general importance of creating more realistic and implementable solutions to common mental health concerns. The data from the surveys ware then combined with a case study analysis of mental health initiatives across different types of schools in South Korea and in the United States so as to gain insights from a complex, cross-cultural perspective. By acknowledging the points of view of the students as well as articles, academic papers and psychological reports, the research is better able to bridge the gap between the current idealistic model of mental health education and highly-customized best practices going forward. The findings are also impactful in terms of policy making and the introduction of student-centric, contextually sound, and sensitive formats and curriculums in the future.
“Subject to Magistrates, and Princes, and Powers, but within the Limits of Discipline”: Romans 13:1–7 before the Edict of Constantine the Great (c. 167–250 CE)

“Subject to Magistrates, and Princes, and Powers, but within the Limits of Discipline”: Romans 13:1–7 before the Edict of Constantine the Great (c. 167–250 CE)
(“Subject to Magistrates, and Princes, and Powers, but within the Limits of Discipline”: Romans 13:1–7 before the Edict of Constantine the Great (c. 167–250 CE))

  • Author(s):Amiel Drimbe
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Biblical studies, History of Religion
  • Page Range:155-165
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Romans 13:1–7; governing authorities; tyranny; persecution;
  • Summary/Abstract:Romans 13:1–7 is among the best-known passages in the New Testament that addresses the submission of early Christians to the ruling powers of the day. Christians are to submit to the governing authorities, for they are ordained by God. Likewise, rebellion against the governing authorities means rebellion against God (Rom. 13:1–2). Yet Paul has in view only the ideal iteration of governance, in which rulers are “servants of God” (Rom. 13:4,6) and they reward the good and punish the evil. In times of tyranny and persecution, however, later ecclesiastics had to look back at Romans 13:1–7 from a different perspective: should Christians submit to unjust and despotic rulers? The answer that takes shape during the first two centuries of the Christian era (c. 167–250 CE) is a conditioned “Yes”. The approach of these writers is mainly positive and constructive. Christians are to respect tyrannical rulers at all time, even when they must be resisted. Christians are to obey tyrannical rulers whenever they act justly and in everything that is not contrary to their faith. Christians are to pray for tyrannical rulers sincerely and without ceasing. There are, however, limits to Christians’ submission to governing authorities. They are to resist any demand that goes against “the rules of Christian life”: a ruler that claims the honor that belongs only to God, acts against the will and word of God, or acts under the influence of the devil, is to be resisted. Yet there are also limitations placed on their resistance, as there are limitations placed on their obedience. Christians are to resist tyrannical rulers in a manner that is brave, yet respectful, righteous, and peaceful.
Brief Considerations regarding the Main Union Legislative and Transposition Instruments, adopted with the View to Supporting Ukraine in the Context of the Russian Invasion

Brief Considerations regarding the Main Union Legislative and Transposition Instruments, adopted with the View to Supporting Ukraine in the Context of the Russian Invasion
(Brief Considerations regarding the Main Union Legislative and Transposition Instruments, adopted with the View to Supporting Ukraine in the Context of the Russian Invasion)

  • Author(s):Elise-Nicoleta Vâlcu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):International Law, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:166-172
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:preferential treatment; trade liberalization; temporary protection; refugee; rights;
  • Summary/Abstract:On February 24, 2022, the European Council condemned, in the strongest terms, Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, considering it “a serious violation of the territorial integrity, of the sovereignty” of an independent state, also representing a serious violation of international law and the principles of the United Nations Charter. In the same context, the European Council reaffirmed the need to adopt protective measures for refugees from Ukraine and to support the Ukrainian economy. Therefore, the member states of the European Union have determined that it is necessary for the Union legislator to adopt an appropriate regulatory framework, to which this material refers and which is to be presented, prioritizing two fundamental directions: (a) providing support both to Ukrainian citizens as well as to other refugees from Ukraine, located in the territory of any state of the European Union; (b) granting concessions to the Ukrainian authorities by adopting trade liberalization measures for all products, adopting policies on accelerating the elimination of customs duties for trade between the Union and Ukraine.
Theoretical and Practical Aspects Regarding the Commission of the Offence of Destruction by Participants in Sports Events

Theoretical and Practical Aspects Regarding the Commission of the Offence of Destruction by Participants in Sports Events
(Theoretical and Practical Aspects Regarding the Commission of the Offence of Destruction by Participants in Sports Events)

  • Author(s):Nicoleta-Elena Heghes
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology, Sports Studies
  • Page Range:173-177
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:destruction; degradation decommissioning; supporters;
  • Summary/Abstract:In the present paper, we analyze the crime of destruction - art. 253 of the Romanian Criminal Code, committed by participants in sports events. By criminalizing this act, the legislator wanted to ensure the protection of another's property, viewed from the perspective of his material condition. The participants in sports events, in our case the fans, support their favorite team or favorite athlete, but there are situations when some of them resort to actions of vandalizing stadiums, sports arenas, shops, bars, street furniture, parked cars, etc. There were cases when they used pyrotechnic materials prohibited by the current regulatory framework, threw various objects on the field, including broken seats from the stands, provoked acts of violence towards law enforcement, but also towards supporters of the opposing team, etc.
Criteria for Appointing an Undercover Investigator to Obtain Evidence and Information in a Criminal Case

Criteria for Appointing an Undercover Investigator to Obtain Evidence and Information in a Criminal Case
(Criteria for Appointing an Undercover Investigator to Obtain Evidence and Information in a Criminal Case)

  • Author(s):Nadia Zlate
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology
  • Page Range:178-181
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:undercover investigators; undercover investigator qualities;
  • Summary/Abstract:In this article we aimed to expose the traits and qualities that an undercover investigator should have in order to be able to carry out his mission in good conditions, without the risk of uncovering the occult operation and without endangering his own life or physical or mental integrity. The use of undercover investigators may involve interactions with different individuals over a shorter or longer period of time, which may be a single contact or multiple meetings in which a connection is established between the person being investigated and the undercover investigator. They must show special social skills, namely to be able to adapt their behavior depending on the situation in which they are in order to give credibility to the character they portray, but also to relate to the people targeted by the operation in such a way that it can obtain evidence and information relevant to the criminal case in which it is used. Due to the importance of the activity carried out by undercover investigators, the risk to life and physical and mental integrity to which they may be subjected, it is imperative that their election within the framework of undercover operations be carried out with maximum skill and responsibility by persons qualified in this sense.
Theoretical and Practical Study on Value Added Tax at National and Community Level (First part)

Theoretical and Practical Study on Value Added Tax at National and Community Level (First part)
(Theoretical and Practical Study on Value Added Tax at National and Community Level (First part))

  • Author(s):Agatador Mihaela Popescu, Mariana Rodica ŢÎRLEA
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Financial Markets, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:182-190
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Value Added Tax; taxation; tax; indirect tax; technical elements; tax base;
  • Summary/Abstract:Value Added Tax qualifies as an indirect tax. Indirect taxes are applied in the sphere of the circulation of goods or the provision of services and are included in the sale price of goods and services. In terms of taxation, the first interventions of the European Community concerned indirect taxes, motivated by the raising of borders between European states, and implicitly the raising of customs duties. As a result, they led to the development of normative acts regarding the harmonization of national legislation with European requirements in the matter of indirect taxes. The study follows aspects of a theoretical and practical nature regarding the Value Added Tax. The results of the research allowed us to clarify the theoretical conceptual framework regarding the Value Added Tax, and at a practical level, the research of the legislative framework was carried out over an extended period of time 2002-2022, which allowed us to observe, at the national level, the legislative evolution and the changes since its establishment of this type of tax until now and to carry out a comparative analysis of the Value Added Tax practiced by our country and the Community member states.
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