Trauma, pamćenje, ozdravljenje
Trauma, Memory, Healing
Contributor(s): Alisa Mahmutović (Editor), Amra Delić (Editor)
Subject(s): Gender Studies, Media studies, Social history, Social development, Criminology, Studies in violence and power, Nationalism Studies, Sociology of Culture, Migration Studies, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Social Norms / Social Control, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Politics and Identity, Peace and Conflict Studies
Published by: Transkulturna Psihosocijalna Obrazovna Fondacija (TPO Foundation)
Keywords: war; gender; trauma; memory; healing; politics; social relations; health; peacebuilding; genocide; identity; media; hate speech;
Summary/Abstract: Ova je knjiga rezultat višegodišnjeg, predanog istraživanja autora i autorki okupljenih oko projekta Trauma, pamćenje, ozdravljenje, koji je započet u oktobru 2013. godine u Tuzli, a potom je proširio svoje djelovanje pri Transkulturnoj psihosocijalnoj obrazovnoj (TPO) fondaciji Sarajevo, u okviru Programa za interdisciplinarno učenje i istraživanja – PIUIS (engl. PILAR). Zahvaljujući podršci TPO Fondacije i entuzijazmu ključnih aktera angažiranih u daljem razvoju PIUIS‐a, planirano je da ovaj projekat bude tek početak buduće suradnje u oblasti konstruktivnog suočenja s prošlošću i pomirenja. Cilj nam je organizirati rasutu znanstvenu i intelektualnu energiju koja bi pomogla u razumijevanju traumatiziranog društva, koje je samo jedan od problema ove kulture, a za koje želimo da postane značajan akter i u iznalaženju rješenja za mnoge druge probleme. Pokazalo se da su nove prilike u vidu neo‐ liberalne retorike više nalik propuštenoj šansi, nego istinskom otvaranju. Ovaj je projekat pokušaj uspostavljanja komunikacije, detabuizacije, de‐dogmatizacije, detraumatizacije i istraživanja uspostavljanjem diskursa. Radovi koje donosimo su, s jedne strane, akademski jer su utemljeni u metodologijama i teorijama određenih znanstvenih disciplina, a s druge strane, otvoreni su prema društvenoj stvarnosti koja je višestruko obilježena traumatskim markerima. Budući da su svi u relaciji prema takvoj stvarnosti, kao i u odnosu jedan s drugim, to ovaj projekat i čini jedinstvenim. U tim međutekstnim relacijama neminovno dolazi do razmjene transformativne tekstualne energije, razmjene ideja iz teksta u tekst, čime svaki tekst (svaka disciplina) dobija ili proširuje svoje i drugo značenje. Znamo da će ovi tekstovi utjecati na život budućih tekstova u ovom diskurzivnom prostoru, kao što vjerujemo da će pomoći u osmišljavanju novih i redefiniranju starih i pogrešnih kulturnih praksi. Trauma, pamćenje, ozdravljenje nema jednu jedinstvenu teorijsku podlogu, niti je može imati, s obzirom na različit fokus interesovanja, te joj je otuda i prirodna interdisciplinarnost. A ovaj je projekat, u najkraćem, uspostavljanje veza između pojedinki/pojedinaca i zajednice, između zajednica, između starijih i mlađih, između muškaraca i žena; između objektivne i subjektivne stvarnosti, između privatnog i javnog života, između usmene i pisane historije, između historije i sadašnjosti, između traumatiziranih i zajednice. Na koncu, zahvaljujemo se svima koji su učestvovali u procesu izrade ove knjige, a naročito autorima i autoricama ovih tekstova, i svima koji su na bilo koji način učestvovali u realizaciji ove knjige. Također, zahvaljujemo svima koji su uključeni u projekat koji podrazumijeva moralnu hrabrost, znanje, vrijeme i entuzijazam.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-9958-0386-1-7
- Page Count: 186
- Publication Year: 2014
- Language: Bosnian, English, Croatian, Serbian
Protiv upravljanja traumom kroz politiku terora: ka emancipativnim intervencijama u kulturnoj produkciji i proizvodnji znanja
Protiv upravljanja traumom kroz politiku terora: ka emancipativnim intervencijama u kulturnoj produkciji i proizvodnji znanja
(Against the Governance of Trauma Through the Politics of Terror: towards Emancipatory Interventions in Cultural Production and Knowledge Production)
- Author(s):Jasmina Husanović
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):Social history, Studies in violence and power, Sociology of Culture, Politics of History/Memory
- Page Range:5-14
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:witnessing to trauma; cultural production; knowledge production;
- Summary/Abstract:After the initial reflection on the governance of trauma and the politics of terror, as well as their culturalization in the everyday life in Bosnia and Herzegovina, this article aims to identify the following problems and questions concerning the politics witnessing to trauma: a) existing deadlocks in the institutional academic space caught in ethnonational and neoliberal matrix; b) possibilities for emancipatory practices in knowledge production and cultural production which resist the dominant political, as well as culturalised matrices of governing life, and which create new politics of hope and horizons of social change. The aim is to open up the space for different critical examination of key questions concerning past, present and future in BiH and its surroundings, through the nexus of art, politics and everydaylife.
Bosanski identitet: hrvatska trauma
Bosanski identitet: hrvatska trauma
(Bosnian identity: Croatian trauma)
- Author(s):Dubravko Lovrenović
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):Political history, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today), Nationalism Studies, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:15-36
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:The Bosnian Croats; Croatian and Bosnian national identity; culture Thanatos; Europeanization; nominations and re‐nominations;
- Summary/Abstract:The extension of Croat national identity to a particular Balkan ethnic and confessional group, namely the Catholics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, caused a dichotomy between their cultural and political identities, which has followed this integral element in Bosnian and Herzegovinian history since the end of the 19th century. Accomplished in a symbiosis of the Romantic ideology of the Croatian Party of (Historic State's) Right and political Catholicism, the Croat absorption of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Catholics was imagined as being in the service of a future Croatian state. Construed thus, they remained until the international recognition of Croatia and of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1991 and 1992, with the exception of the period of the Quisling Independent State of Croatia (1941‐1945), a nation without state. With the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the birth of the new states, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Croats found themselves in a new historical situations, between two possibillities: the mythic, thousand‐year dream of Croatia as the "mother‐land" and Bosnia and Herzegovina as an (un)wanted geopolitical reality. Consequently, this new political context of the state required a new national "text," which is to say a harmonisation of cultural and political (state) identity. Experience both during and since the war (from 1991 to 2014) has shown that attempting to resolve the so‐called "Croat Question" by promoting an exclusive relationship between ethnic labels and territory (ethno‐territorialisation) has not succeeded in removing the existing dichotomy and has, indeed, served only to deepen it, while also alienating the Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina from their primary living.
Kultura zaborava ili sjećanja: konverzija identiteta Banje Luke
Kultura zaborava ili sjećanja: konverzija identiteta Banje Luke
(Culture of Oblivion or Remebrance: Conversion of Identity of Banja Luka City)
- Author(s):Srđan Šušnica
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):Nationalism Studies, Rural and urban sociology, Sociology of Culture, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:37-58
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:memory narratives; cultural memory; street names; Banja Luka;
- Summary/Abstract:For author Jens Brockmeier, a culture memory is forming by capturing of oral narrative within memory texts and practices which are not independent, but significantly intertwined with socio‐political narration or they are susceptible to such narratives. In such manner the memory narratives are created, which main texts carry main social, political and material settings of community of people who are remembering or forgetting, as well as people who are predicting, expecting or endure the outcomes of precarious cultural or political future. A picturesque example of agency of such memory narratives toward creation of culture memory is everyday consummation of new, wartimes, pro‐Serbian names of streets and settlements in Banja Luka. These new memory notes had been put in place between 1992 and 1996 when authorities have erased from memory the names of 15 settlements and around 250 or half of pre‐wartimes streets. Goal of this review paper is to present intensity and basic contextual directions of these violent changes, through discursive analysis of street names. To point out, how much indeed a culture memory in today’s' Banja Luka is built up on violent oblivion of non‐Serbian ethnic or religious, as well as of leftist and multhy‐ethnical memory narratives. As well as, on fulfilling the "memory gaps" with romantic and mythological historic and political constructs. By reading the new street names such as King Lazar Str. or Ravnogorska Str., people of today are placed in mnemonic relations toward prevailing and imposed cultural and political (re)interpretation of Banja Luka's past. It factitiously connects the value and cognitive horizons of past and presence, writes cultural memory of the city backward, and gives to the citizens a sense of belonging to the ceaseless and simulacrum chain of politically lucrative and ethnically desirable explications of historic events and conflicts. Such time‐space inversion in interpretation of historic events toward past is bizarre condition for the establishment of cultural and ideological justifications of Banja Luka's presence and for the setting of people's expectations into the future. Whereas a discursive meanings and memory narratives of street names such as Vahide Maglajlić Str. or Ferhatpaše Str. don't pass the filter of selected memory frame of "Serbian Banja Luka", so they are expelled from the chain of desirable explications, and therefore are not allowed to be placed in the mnemonic relation with average citizen of Banja Luka. This review paper with its empirics and approach wants to illuminate facts and to contribute to the answers on questions such: whether today's RS can even survive with such quantity and intensity of artificial memory narratives on which it's created and whether a new cultural remembrance which aim to reach a level of independent cultural memory of "Serbian Banja Luka" can be built up on massive and violent oblivion and distortion of narratives?
Procesi pomirenja u BiH: rodna/e perspektiva/e
Procesi pomirenja u BiH: rodna/e perspektiva/e
(Peacebuilding Processes in B&H: Gender Perspective/s)
- Author(s):Zlatiborka Popov Momčinović
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Peace and Conflict Studies
- Page Range:59-71
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:reconciliation; gender; activism; feminism; Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper analyzes from the feminist position the interpellation of gender and practices of reconciliation in the context of B&H society, within the framework of research as resistance from the poststructuralist theory of margins. This paper is based on researches conducted by the author herslef, as well as recent researches and theoretical elaborations concerning the place and role of women in reconciliation processes, their achievements, initiatives and controversies in the context of ethno‐nationalist production of "knowledge" through ethnonationalized (new) speech, as well as existing practices of shallow pacification. The paper lays special emphasis on contribution of women in peacemaking activities in the period before, during and after the war, and who were systematically sidelined to the margins by systematic reducing of feminine to passivity. But as such, they represent the niches and points of resistance and deflection whose power lies in the impossibility of their top‐down cooptation.
Tuđa zemlja i tuga golema (ratne udovice i porodice bez očeva u bosanskohercegovačkoj dijaspori)
Tuđa zemlja i tuga golema (ratne udovice i porodice bez očeva u bosanskohercegovačkoj dijaspori)
(New Land and Old Sorrow (War Widows and Fatherless Families in Bosnian Refugee Diaspora))
- Author(s):Hariz Halilović
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Studies in violence and power, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today), Migration Studies
- Page Range:73-90
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:war widows; gender; migration;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper is based on an anthropological study exploring the effects of forced displacement, genocide and politically motivated violence on social identities of women survivors and their families and local communities. In the first part of the paper, a summary of the main statistics and an overview of the historic facts about the recent war in Bosnia‐ Herzegovina are presented, followed by a critique of the limits of quantitative research data when drawing conclusions about the quality, character and consequences of the war and its effects on different socio‐demographic and gender groups in the country. By offering an ethnographic description of everyday life of a war widow in diaspora (who also lost two her sons), in the second part of the paper, the author provides insights into psychological and socio‐cultural issues affecting war widows and highlights the reasons for their emigration to third countries. The paper then goes on to discuss how forensic and biomedical technologies have assisted in rehumanising the missing and the dead, while the post‐war bureaucracy in BiH has, to a great extent, had an opposite, dehumanising effect on the war widows, often leaving them no other option than to migrate to other countries. In conclusion, the author advocates for an activist approach of social science and humanistic disciplines involved in researching issues affecting war widows and their families, with the ultimate aim to protect and advance the human rights cause and women’s dignity.
Šutnja u velikoj grupi u BiH
Šutnja u velikoj grupi u BiH
(Silence in a Large Group in B&H)
- Author(s):Alija Sutović
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):Communication studies, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:91-98
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:silence; Bosnia and Herzegovina; a large group;
- Summary/Abstract:Silence is a ubiquitous phenomenon in human life and occurs in very large groups, such as state, national communities, tribes, etc. Most often people are silent out of fear, horror, as well as out of shame and hate. Silence is often preceding the conflict or represents its consequence; it can last for days and years, leading to curiosity, fear and anger in the surrounding. Bosnia and Herzegovina, its people, represents a large group. Currently, BiH is dominated by particularistic ethno‐national politics, on the basis of which it is impossible to make important decisions for the common good, and there is a lack of consensus on important historical issues. The room lacking the consensus is fulfilled with silence. Silence is so typical Bosnian product, characterized with the overflow of emotions and myths. In this way a vicious circle develops and is maintained. On the basis of hate, fear, wish for revenge, shame, guilt, humiliation ... the myths are developing, which under "appropriate" historical circumstances result in a bloody military campaigns. The wars create new cycles of hatred, revenge and lead to creation of the new/old myths.
Adolescenti i genocid – mladost i smrt
Adolescenti i genocid – mladost i smrt
(Adolescents and Genocide – Youth and Death)
- Author(s):Nermina Kravić
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):Psychology, Criminology, Studies in violence and power, Nationalism Studies
- Page Range:99-106
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:War; adolescence; forgiveness;
- Summary/Abstract:Adolescence is the part of life which represents the bridge between childhood and adulthood and it is characterized with numerous physical and psychological changes which young person is going through. Forming of identity is one of the key goals of adolescence. But what if that stormy life period is faced with war terror and disaster, as well as post war insecurity and growing up in family where war wounds are deep and inerasable, how to make a peace between confronted drives and ambivalent feelings which young personality have, which are part of his/her surrounding too? The war, loss, death, destruction, transgenerational trauma transmission, hate, revenge, fear, opposite feelings of forgiveness, love, wish to establish relationship and contacts with others to achieve balance in themselves as well as with the surrounding where they live.
Traumatično odrastanje kćeri u patrijarhalnoj kulturi
Traumatično odrastanje kćeri u patrijarhalnoj kulturi
(Traumatic Upbringing Of Daughters In Patriarchal Culture)
- Author(s):Nermina Kravić
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Social development, Family and social welfare, Sociology of Culture, Social Norms / Social Control
- Page Range:107-118
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:guilt; silence; abuse; coercion;
- Summary/Abstract:In cultures that suffer from a lack of dialogue and addressing the roots of certain conflicts, traumatic experiences are commonly multiplied and transmitted to the next generation. The traumatic experiences permanently mark a powerless entity and all his/her subsequent experiences imbued with the fear of the abuse or abused subject is transformed into a new abuser. Learned behavior patterns are easily transferred to the next generation daughters or sons, instead of analysis and dealing with problematic aspects of upbringing. Most effects of these abusive patterns are forming a part of identity of people exposed to violence. The theoretical work draws on feminist theory which examines the role of mothers in different historical periods, as well as their role in the childhood of every person. The aim of this paper is to point out the relationship between mothers and daughters, and their invisibility in patriarchal culture. Fathers and mothers usually punished their children by silence, causing a feeling of guilt, which represents some of mainly forms of daughters' identity. Selected texts for analysis are those that deal with family relationships in South Slavic communities.
Skulpture zaboravljenih sjećanja
Skulpture zaboravljenih sjećanja
(The Sculptures of Forgotten Memories)
- Author(s):Adis Fejzić
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):Museology & Heritage Studies, Politics of History/Memory
- Page Range:119-134
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:sculpture; remembrance; Bosnia and Herzegovina;
- Summary/Abstract:Within the proposed framework of Trauma, remembrance, recovery, I contextualise and analyse visual art. Beginning from de Botton’s and Armstrong’s definitions of art as a therapy, I continue on to emphasise the importance of remembrance as one of the basic functions (and contents) of art in general. I (re)define the general and special place that art can (and should) have, but with an emphasis on the commemorative sculpture (the so‐ called Memorials in Bosnia and Herzegovina and ex‐Yugoslavian territories). The focus is on the following areas: the Art of Stećak, monuments commemorating the Second World War, as well as those commemorating the most recent war in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 90s. Stećaks and the Second World War Monuments are connected through their mutual belonging to the pluralistic and humanistic spirituality from which they were both "born", with the distinction of the latter ones being the product of the declarative atheist discourse. I understand the nearly destroyed principle of the common multidimensional identity and life in the Southern‐Slav (Yugoslavian) territories as the crown‐quality of Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also as a forgotten remembrance. The authentic, multidimensional Bosnian and Herzegovinian spirit, instead of being the major export product becomes the idea that the European Union hypocritically falsifies and sells "re‐packaged and recycled" to contemporary, traumatised Bosnia and Herzegovina. Within the same theoretical framework, under the name of A(dis)continuity and/or resurrection of the Art of stećak, I present some of my own sculptures that have been thought out through the (forgotten) remembrance as a result of my doctoral research of the Art of Stećak to‐date. This extinguished tradition, and its five centuries long discontinuity, I turn into A(dis)continuity and I enliven it as my own artistic creation and metaphor. I find parallels between the complex format and meaning of Stećak and the Bosnian and Herzegovinian multidimensional identity, which in itself could almost be a pseudonym for cosmopolitism. By doing this, I once again underline the importance of remembrance in relation to the greatest humanistic values of the shared collective life of the diversities existing in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which should be continuously transfused into hope that is a beacon to the healing from the trauma and towards a better and healthier future.
Govor mržnje u online medijima u BiH
Govor mržnje u online medijima u BiH
(Hate Speech in On‐Line Media in B&H)
- Author(s):Enes Osmančević
- Language:Bosnian
- Subject(s):Media studies, Studies in violence and power, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:135-152
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Hate Speach; Public Speach; Responsibility; Media of Mass Communication; Social Network;
- Summary/Abstract:Hate speech is one of the main problems in public communication, especially in on‐line communication. It is provided and supported by possibilities of anonymous communication and interaction via internet. There is no general definition of hate speech. Author in this article analyzes different understandings of hate speech, and reminds us about hate speech escalation in ex‐Yugoslavia media at the end of 20th century. Furthermore, author presents overview and some examples of hate speech in on‐line media in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and he also states some possibilities of suppression for hate and discriminatory speech in on‐line media in B&H.
A Home Far from Home: Bosnian Refugees in St. Louis, Missouri
A Home Far from Home: Bosnian Refugees in St. Louis, Missouri
(A Home Far from Home: Bosnian Refugees in St. Louis, Missouri)
- Author(s):Patrick McCarthy
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Sociology, Social history, Studies in violence and power, Migration Studies
- Page Range:153-158
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:St. Louis; Missouri; BiH; Bosnia; refugees;
- Summary/Abstract:On a warm March day in 2006, a delegation of new Americans was ushered into the office of the Mayor of the City of St. Louis, the Honorable Francis G. Slay. Mayor Slay stood in the doorway of his office, greeting each guest by extending his hand saying, “Dobro došli!” – “Welcome!” –in the Bosnian language. Thirteen years earlier, in 1993, Bosnian refugees had begun arriving in this quiet Midwestern city in the United States in numbers that would eventually become one of the largest Bosnian communities outside of Bosnia‐Herzegovina, estimated today at nearly 50,000 persons (Larsen, 2014). The meeting with the Mayor was one acknowledgement of the positive effect of the large‐scale Bosnian‐Herzegovinian resettlement in St. Louis. In decaying neighborhoods where Bosnians had resettled, property values were rising, housing infrastructure was improving, and communities stabilizing – all attributed to this large and growing presence of refugees from the former Yugoslavia (Tucci, 1999). In welcoming these new Americans, Mayor Slay also recognized the potential political power of the Bosnian‐Americans as a voting block, as did elected officials at every level of local, state, and even national government in the United States (Montagne, 2004). In turn, Bosnians, who had organized themselves into a United Bosnian Association, were becoming more aware of their political and economic leverage in a city with declining populations and dwindling tax revenues (Vulliamy, 2012). The meeting with the Mayor signaled that Bosnians had truly “arrived” in St. Louis and were no longer viewed as dependent refugees but as productive, contributing city residents who were helping to reshape and revitalize the urban core of a major metropolitan city (Tomich, 2005).
Pate li monstrumi od noćnih mora?
Pate li monstrumi od noćnih mora?
(Do Monsters Suffer from Nightmares?)
- Author(s):Rade Radovanović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):Psychology, Criminology, Studies in violence and power
- Page Range:159-164
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:violence; trauma; memory; sleep; nightmares;
- Summary/Abstract:"Velika istorija” ‐ i kada nije diktirana interesima “pobednika” ‐ često prikriva ili prekriva ljudsko i DOBRO i ZLO. Ne beleži ili potiskuje konkretne i žrtve i dželate, i heroje i zločince, prepuštajući ih ZAVERI ĆUTANJA. Dokaza za ovu tvrdnju ima i previše ‐ ne treba ih posebno tražiti. Dovoljno je makar i na trenutak pažnju usmeriti na tri pojma naše teme Trauma, pamćenje, ozdravljenje…
Joke AND (Its Relation to) Genocide
Joke AND (Its Relation to) Genocide
(Joke AND (Its Relation to) Genocide)
- Author(s):Damir Arsenijević
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Semantics, Studies in violence and power
- Page Range:165-175
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:joke; genocide; semantics; relation;
- Summary/Abstract:I propose that we start from the title of Freud’s book, particularly from the conjunction ‘AND’. This conjunction draws attention to the two mutually linked dimensions in Freud’s work on jokes: the dimension of subjectivity and the dimension of discourse. Central in the interplay between these two dimensions—as that which knots these two dimensions - is pleasure that the joke produces, in the displacement and condensation of signifiers in our speech.
Radno‐okupaciona terapija u procesu rehabilitacije
Radno‐okupaciona terapija u procesu rehabilitacije
(Work-Occupational Therapy in the Rehabilitation Process)
- Author(s):Branka Antić
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):Psychology, Studies in violence and power, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:177-186
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:trauma; healing; rehabilitation; therapy;
- Summary/Abstract:Radno okupaciona terapija obuhvata sve manuelne, kreativne, rekreativne, edukativne i ostale aktivnosti, s ciljem postizanja i poboljšanja određene fizičke i mentalne funkcije ljudi. Uloga radno‐okupacione terapije je što brža rehabilitacija i povratak u socijalnu sredinu. Radnim aktivnostima se utječe na zadovoljenje ljudskih potreba, posebno potrebom za pripadnošću, uvažavanjem, samopoštovanjem i poštovanjem. Radna okupaciona terapija predstavlja i prevenciju psihičkih smetnji, jer udaljava od opsesivnih misli, apatije i očajavanja, a istovremeno jača koncentraciju i obnavlja vezu sa realnošću. Stres je odgovor našeg organizma na svaku stvarnu ili imaginarnu prijetnju koja se pojavi. Biohemijske promjene koje imaju ulogu u nespecifičnoj reakciji na stres su u okvirima osovine hipofiza‐ hipotalamus‐nadbubrežna žlijezda.