Solidarność i egoizm we współczesnym dyskursie akademickim
Solidarity and Egoism in Current Academic Discourse
Contributor(s): Marcin Mazurek (Editor), Karolina Zakrzewska (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Philosophy, Philosophical Traditions, Social Philosophy, Political Theory
Published by: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Keywords: Solidarity; egoism; chauvinism; inclusiveness; society
Summary/Abstract: This multi-author monograph is a collection of eleven articles about current discourse on solidarity and egoism. The authors, representing different specialties, analyse the title phenomena from the ethical, social, economic and political perspective, focusing on the analysis of deep social changes in the modern world as well as modern and post-modern discourses which accompany them.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-235-6082-1
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-235-6074-6
- Page Count: 210
- Publication Year: 2023
- Language: Polish
Solidarność – zapomniany fundament społeczeństwa obywatelskiego
Solidarność – zapomniany fundament społeczeństwa obywatelskiego
(Solidarity – the forgotten foundation of civil society)
- Author(s):Jakub Brejdak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Philosophy
- Page Range:13-32
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:solidarity; collective person; community; civil society; responsibility
- Summary/Abstract:Many scholars representing various fields of research are looking for an answer to what lies at the heart of civil society. One of the possible answers to that question is solidarity. The first part of this paper presents a short history of the concept of solidarity. The second part discusses two central political doctrines – liberalism and communitarianism – in the context of solidarity. The third part of this paper shows Max Scheler’s concept of a person, which unifies the dimension of solidarity and collectivity into one unity of acts. This unity can be considered a compromise between a liberal and a communitarian approach. Scheler’s concept of a person depicts it as a collective or encompassing act – a structure embedded in a communal stream of emotions, ideas, and motivations. The hallmark of a person is the co-responsibility to yourself and others. It means solidarity becomes the nature of a person.
- Price: 1.50 €
Solidarność ideologiczna i granice społeczeństwa według Karla Mannheima, Antonia Gramsciego, Ernesta Laclaua i Chantal Mouffe
Solidarność ideologiczna i granice społeczeństwa według Karla Mannheima, Antonia Gramsciego, Ernesta Laclaua i Chantal Mouffe
(Ideological Solidarity and Boundaries of the Society according to Karl Mannheim, Antonio Gramsci, Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe)
- Author(s):Jan Kozubowski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Philosophy
- Page Range:33-53
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:solidarity; ideology; hegemony; utopia; Mannheim
- Summary/Abstract:In the article the author presents different approaches to the issue of “How is society possible?” by referring to the theories of Karl Mannheim, Antonio Gramsci, Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. By highlighting the common elements in these theories, the author demonstrates that social solidarity is both ideological and utopian. It is ideological because it produces a hegemonic system that tries to establish itself as a totality, but it can never achieve it (the place of totality is empty). Moreover, it is also utopian because it connects people by articulating this lack of totality. The author aims to show how this distinction correlates with the more general assumption that society is an endless game of differences.
- Price: 1.50 €
Cielesne żądania, dyskursywna sprawczość
Cielesne żądania, dyskursywna sprawczość
(Bodily demands, discursive agency)
- Author(s):Antonina Januszkiewicz
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Philosophy
- Page Range:55-73
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:rebellion; resistance; performative; carnal; hate speech
- Summary/Abstract:This article offers a study of “rebellion” and “resistance” – two concepts that emerge from Judith Butler’s performative theory. The text presents Butler’s understanding of power and the possibilities of political agency belonging to those who are excluded (from where?). The paper uses the example of the struggle against hate speech to explain the mechanisms of power and to analyze how performative tactics of resistance operate. The final section focuses on the role played by solidarity in acts of resistance and rebellion. The paper concludes with a discussion of Butler’s remarks concerning performativity of public gatherings, revealing the significance of solidarity in the process of transformation of the public sphere.
- Price: 1.50 €
Postprawda a myśl postmodernistyczna
Postprawda a myśl postmodernistyczna
(Post-truth and postmodern thought)
- Author(s):Aleksander Zbirański
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Philosophy
- Page Range:75-89
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:post-truth; postmodernism; egoism; rationality; authority
- Summary/Abstract:The article is devoted to the relationship between postmodern thought, the currently fashionable notion of posttruth, and social solidarity. The author shows how the foundations of Western identity: rationality, authority and the sensecreating function of objective truth have been questioned on the grounds of postmodernism. Then he points out the significant consequences of this process, such as the disappearing field of rational social discourse, epistemological egoism leading to loneliness and the increase of magical thinking resulting from the disappearance of objective criteria of truth in the social sphere and the related fall of authority.
- Price: 1.50 €
Solidarność społeczna wobec problemu migracji i uchodźstwa w nauczaniu Stolicy Apostolskiej – wybrane aspekty
Solidarność społeczna wobec problemu migracji i uchodźstwa w nauczaniu Stolicy Apostolskiej – wybrane aspekty
(Social solidarity in the face of migration and refugees in the teaching of the Apostolic Capital – selected aspects)
- Author(s):Arkadiusz Łukaszów
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Philosophy
- Page Range:91-111
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:refugee; migrant; Catholic social teaching; Pope Francis
- Summary/Abstract:The article claims to present key issues related to understanding the problem of migration and refugees in the doctrine of Catholic social teaching, whose message is to promote the conditions and foundations for the peace in the world. Papal messages, annually published for the World Migrant and Refugee Day, become a form of concretization of this doctrine, paying attention to important issues concerning migration and refugees in the modern world.
- Price: 1.50 €
Rynek wolny od egoizmu
Rynek wolny od egoizmu
(A market free of selfishness)
- Author(s):Filip Lubiński
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Philosophy
- Page Range:113-127
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:free market; justice; property; interventionism; political economy
- Summary/Abstract:Philosopher rightly recognized as the precursor of modern economics, Adam Smith, is often classified as a thinker ascribing a positive value to human egoism. According to the mainstream economic doctrine, individuals act in their interest due to the “invisible hand of the market” contributing to widespread prosperity. Current research usually finishes its analysis on this mechanism, rarely undertaking a comprehensive review of Smith's achievements. The works of the Scottish philosopher on ethical, legal, and economic issues read together enable us to understand the importance he attached to solidarity. Holistic analysis of his most significant work – "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations", at the same time, reading "Theory of Moral Sentiments and Lectures on Jurisprudence", allows us to reconstruct the social system emerging from Smith's philosophical achievements.
- Price: 1.50 €
Solidarność i egoizm a kwestia zwierząt
Solidarność i egoizm a kwestia zwierząt
(Solidarity, egoism and the issue of animals)
- Author(s):Karolina Zakrzewska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Philosophy
- Page Range:129-140
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:subject; animal; nature; interspecies solidarity; speciesism
- Summary/Abstract:In the article, I follow the deepening of the distance between the human subject and the non-human (animal/natural) subject based on the leading philosophical concepts of modern times. By presenting two fundamental models of socialization and the solidarity relations resulting from them, I trace the mechanism of exclusion of non-human beings from the relations of reciprocity and solidarity that are Considered natural and provide clues to answer the question of whether the politicization of solidarity towards other species in the world of human affairs is possible.
- Price: 1.00 €
Ludzko-zwierzęce chimery – poszerzenie wspólnoty moralnej czy pogłębienie szowinizmu gatunkowego?
Ludzko-zwierzęce chimery – poszerzenie wspólnoty moralnej czy pogłębienie szowinizmu gatunkowego?
(Human-animal chimeras – expanding the moral community or deepening of species chauvinism?)
- Author(s):Maja Rup
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Philosophy
- Page Range:141-154
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:human-animal chimeras; speciesism; dignity; moral status; animal studies; bioethics
- Summary/Abstract:Creating human-to-animal chimeras causes numerous ethical questions. Arguments such as the “Playing God” Argument, the Human Dignity Argument and the Moral Confusion Argument are often used to answer these questions. However, these arguments can be based on speciesism, rooted in the fear of losing the moral superiority that people attributed to themselves. The exception is the Moral Confusion Argument, which offers the possibility to change the moral status of non-human animals due to the creation of human-animal chimeras.
- Price: 1.00 €
Robot jako sługa par exellance w dialektyce pana i niewolnika
Robot jako sługa par exellance w dialektyce pana i niewolnika
(Robot as a Bondsman par excellence in dialectics of mastery and servitude)
- Author(s):Natalia Zakrzewska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Philosophy
- Page Range:155-170
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Hegel; dialectics; struggle for recognition; robots; technology
- Summary/Abstract:The article analyzes the relation between the human subject and technology, especially robots, seen through the Hegelian lens. Dialectical cognition requires struggle and suppression of the opposition in dynamic negation. Self-consciousness relates to the Other and transcends corporeal barriers, which shows that reciprocal relation between subjectivity and the Other is necessary for this process. By emphasizing certain aspects of new technologies and the superimposition of Hegel’s frame, several common areas between the practical use of those tools and cornerstone aspects of philosophy are revealed. The significance of the machine in the work context is emphasized by the several examples of modern technology that work without human assistance and assist in a person’s work. Using Hegel's lens, the significance of social context in those scenarios is maintained. Primarily legal and social aspects of the relation with robots are worth analyzing in the Hegelian context because of the insight into the process of work and alienation that this framework offers. By showing Nolen Gertz’s scenarios, I maintained the political and ethical aspects of working with robots and emphasized how recognition emerges in a struggle for recognition. By placing this scenario next to the concept of the Lord-Bondsman dialectics, the significant practical aspect of this process revealed itself at a time when soldiers were participating with robots in prolonged missions. The change in the relation between a person and a robot maintains essential aspects of this relation and shows why it is not merely anthropomorphization of the robot by a human user. The solidarity arises in the context of a struggle between soldiers and robots because of the process of work in which different actors partake. The shared plans and partaking in them made soldiers view robots as a comrade, whereas those machines cover the function of the Other. Moreover, because of the particular form of alienation such professions bring, they exhibit solidarity that others typically lack when interacting with them. This tension reveals a dialectical character of the relation between a person and technology in the modern context. Alienating and dangerous character of work determined the relation of human robots in a way that resembles the struggle for recognition. In the article, I sketch the lack of symmetry in this relation and how alienating and emancipating it is at the same time.
- Price: 1.50 €
Darwinowskie ugruntowanie zasady pomocy wzajemnej w etyce Kropotkina
Darwinowskie ugruntowanie zasady pomocy wzajemnej w etyce Kropotkina
(Darwinian grounding of mutual aid principle in Kropotkin’s ethics)
- Author(s):Jan Grzybowski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Philosophy
- Page Range:171-181
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Kropotkin; Darwin; mutual aid; ethics; anarchism
- Summary/Abstract:The article discusses the concept of mutual aid put forward by Peter Kropotkin as a reaction to those interpretations of the biological theory of evolution which emphasised the role of the struggle for existence (bellum omnium contra omnes) in nature and based the postulate of social Darwinism on this. Kropotkin argues that 1. mutual aid is a natural inclination of humans (like other animals), which is suppressed by the development of state institutions, and 2. the effect of the abolition of the state will be not social chaos, but the development of the altruistic instinct and the construction of non-hierarchical institutions. In closing, I discuss the criticisms levelled against the concept under discussion.
- Price: 1.00 €
W stronę etyki racjonalnego egoizmu
W stronę etyki racjonalnego egoizmu
(Towards the Ethics of Rational Egoism)
- Author(s):Ziemowit Gowin
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Philosophy
- Page Range:183-205
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:ethics; egoism; metaethics; rational egoism; objectivism
- Summary/Abstract:The article’s aim is to explain Ayn Rand’s ethics of rational self-interest and show that egoism endorsed by Rand is an alternative to other ethical systems. The first part focuses on a general description and definition of ethical egoism. The other parts contain: presentation of the objectivist meta-ethics (part 2), remarks on the objectivist normative ethics (part 3), Rand’s rejection of the “predatory” egoism (part 4), and the issue of helping others within the objectivist framework (part 5).
- Price: 1.50 €