Current Trends in Public Sector Research: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference
Current Trends in Public Sector Research: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference
Contributor(s): Petra Dvorakova (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, Health and medicine and law, Economic development, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Accounting - Business Administration, EU-Legislation
Published by: Masarykova univerzita nakladatelství
Keywords: politics; public policy; public finances; social policy; economic policy; environmental policy; healthcare policy; public sector;
Summary/Abstract: Proceedings of an international conference. The contributions deal with the issues of the public sector and public administration, public finances and the functioning of the non-profit sector and its actors, current development trends and current challenges in these areas.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-80-210-9646-2
- Page Count: 114
- Publication Year: 2020
- Language: English
An Assessment of the Public Financial Indicators with Budget Data in Turkey: Review post- 2000
An Assessment of the Public Financial Indicators with Budget Data in Turkey: Review post- 2000
(An Assessment of the Public Financial Indicators with Budget Data in Turkey: Review post- 2000)
- Author(s):Nur Belkıs Bektaş, Özhan Çetinkaya
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
- Page Range:9-15
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Public financial indicators; budget data; primary surplus; public debt; fiscal discipline;
- Summary/Abstract:There have been changes in public financial indicators in Turkey after the year of 2000. In this paper, these changes were evaluated together with the budget data. In this context, this paper aims to reveal positive or negative effects of budget data on public financial indicators. The 2008 global financial crisis formed the external direction of the negativity in public financial indicators. In particular, before and after 2008, negative developments have been experienced in public financial indicators except for some years. The 2008 global financial economic crisis had also negative impacts on public financial indicators. Moreover, both general and local elections are a negative factor in public spending discipline in Turkey. Since the local elections, the ruling government has chosen extender budget policies as fiscal policies to win the elections. According to the findings of this study, it was determined that Turkey moved away from the Maastricht criteria after 2008, which stemmed from negative developments in budget data.
Integrating Delphi and AHP Methods in Long-term Policy Decisions
Integrating Delphi and AHP Methods in Long-term Policy Decisions
(Integrating Delphi and AHP Methods in Long-term Policy Decisions)
- Author(s):Dagmar Gombitová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, Methodology and research technology
- Page Range:16-23
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Delphi method; analytical hierarchy process; partnership agreement; long-term planning;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper presents the application of expert decision methods for the formulation and prioritisation of the long-term economic, social and environmental policies in the Slovak Republic. The Partnership Agreement for the Slovak Republic is an underlying strategy for investments from the European Structural and Investment Funds in the period 2021-2027. Policies implemented under the Partnership Agreement will allocate €13.4b on four policy objectives. This paper concentrates on the policy objective 4 ‘Social development’. The authors co-operated with the Deputy Prime Minister Office and assembled panels of top Slovak experts on social and economic issues. The Delphi and Analytical hierarchy process methods were combined for analysing major development challenges and eliciting policy priorities. The methods combined the bottom-up and top-down approaches to policy making. Consecutive rounds of the ‘classical Delphi’ generated consensus by experts on major development challenges of the Slovak Republic in period 2021-2027. The ‘policy Delphi’ encouraged structured public dialogue in order to generate policy alternatives for solving development challenges. The Analytical Hierarchy Process enabled the structuring of complex policy decision problems. A hierarchy of decision goals, decision alternatives and decision criteria was constructed. Some nine policy measures were drafted and prioritised.
Pork Barrel Politics in Context of Action Plan - Support of Least Developed Districts
Pork Barrel Politics in Context of Action Plan - Support of Least Developed Districts
(Pork Barrel Politics in Context of Action Plan - Support of Least Developed Districts)
- Author(s):Róbert Martin Hudec
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics, Public Finances
- Page Range:24-31
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Pork barrel politics; clientelism; reelection of candidate; regional politics; least developed districts;
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of the paper is to find out and describe if and by which means the attributes of Pork barrel politics were present in redistribution of funds from Regional grants, which were part of Action Plan – Support of Least Developed Districts. Secondary aim is to see how receiving of this grant could have helped in reelection of incumbent in next election. An Index of political patronage was assembled to measure the level of pork barreling. Based on party affiliation, mayors with connections to government were not highly favored when receiving grant, not even in the case of affiliation with party, which redistributed the grants. Neither there were no significant differences in the odds of reelection based on whether the incumbent received a grant nor not. That is an unexpected result relative to other research in the field.
Salaries of Elected Officials as Municipal Budget Expenditure
Salaries of Elected Officials as Municipal Budget Expenditure
(Salaries of Elected Officials as Municipal Budget Expenditure)
- Author(s):Lukáš Hulínský
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
- Page Range:32-37
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Logal budget; municipalities; expenditures; reprezentatives;
- Summary/Abstract:Remuneration of politicians is a relevant social issue that is worth to research. Salaries of local representatives in the Czech Republic are set by law and their size is in case of municipalities derived by municipal population. At the same time municipal councils are free to choose, how many elected officials will serve full time and get paid for that service and how many will keep their proper jobs or entrepreneurships and serve only part time and get quite symbolic remuneration. This choice may result in substantial differences in total related budget expenditure in otherwise similar municipalities. The purpose of the paper is to describe the system of local elected officials’ remuneration and its evolution since 2010 and to analyse municipal expenditure on elected officials’ remuneration in Czech towns with 10 to 50 thousand inhabitants between 2010 and 2018. A key part of the research is the collection of data from local government budgets, their processing and construction of appropriate indicators. Subsequently, these indicators will be analysed through the basic statistical methods resulting in comparison of the selected municipalities.
Strategies for Activating Public-Private Partnerships of Social Service Provision of Indigenous Regions in Taiwan
Strategies for Activating Public-Private Partnerships of Social Service Provision of Indigenous Regions in Taiwan
(Strategies for Activating Public-Private Partnerships of Social Service Provision of Indigenous Regions in Taiwan)
- Author(s):Yuan-shie Hwang, Li-hsin Chuang
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics, Regional Geography, Civil Society, Economic policy
- Page Range:38-44
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Network governance; public-private partnerships (PPPs); social service provision; non-profit organizations (NPOs);
- Summary/Abstract:Compared with the mainstream society, the distinctively geographical, social and cultural environment of Taiwan's indigenous regions has caused many difficulties in social service provision. The model of public-private partnerships (PPPs) has been regarded as a main strategy to alleviate the difficulties. By adopting the qualitative research method and collecting data through individual in-depth interview (18 peoples) and focus group (2 groups with 11 peoples), this study aims to explore the operation and interaction of public sectors, non-profit organizations and grassroots groups in the indigenous regions, and to identify their internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats (SWOT analysis) that affect social service provision, and further, to propose strategies related to activating PPPs. Based on the findings, we propose six discussions and suggestions for activating PPPs of social service provision of indigenous regions in Taiwan.
Legal Status of a Pharmacist as a Participant of the Pharmacy Market in Poland
Legal Status of a Pharmacist as a Participant of the Pharmacy Market in Poland
(Legal Status of a Pharmacist as a Participant of the Pharmacy Market in Poland)
- Author(s):Michał Jachowicz
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:45-52
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Pharmaceutical Law; pharmacist; pharmacy market; public health;
- Summary/Abstract:The provision of the pharmaceutical service is the basic designation of the pharmacy activities as a public health care facility and is a correlate of the subjective right to health care guaranteed under the Polish Constitution. The provision of the pharmaceutical service remains within the scope of the profession of a pharmacist as a profession of public trust, which is also a regulated profession. Taking into account the need to ensure the highest level of implementation of the right to health care, the legal status of a pharmacist as a participant in the pharmacy market should be subject to special legal protection. The assessment of the existing legal status in this respect remains justified by both the subjective distinction between categories of entrepreneurs who hold a permit to operate a generally accessible pharmacy, as well as the legislative process on principles of fulfilling the pharmacist's professional obligations included in the draft Act on the profession of pharmacist. The purpose of this article is to assess the indicated legal conditions undertaken both on the basis of the existing legal status and proposed statutory solutions.
Application of the Non-Parametric DEA Method to Analyze the Efficiency of Selected Services Provided by Municipalities, Example of Public Libraries
Application of the Non-Parametric DEA Method to Analyze the Efficiency of Selected Services Provided by Municipalities, Example of Public Libraries
(Application of the Non-Parametric DEA Method to Analyze the Efficiency of Selected Services Provided by Municipalities, Example of Public Libraries)
- Author(s):Marek Jetmar
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Library operations and management, Methodology and research technology
- Page Range:53-59
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Technical efficiency; DEA local services; municipalities; public libraries;
- Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the possibility of applying the DEA method to measure the efficiency of local public services provided by municipalities and towns in the Czech Republic. It is testing and modeling data on the effectiveness of local libraries, which for 100 years had to provide basic education and disseminate education in municipalities. There are many models in the literature dealing with various problems of efficiency analysis. A particularly suitable and elegant model is the DEA model based on Chebyshev distance. This model can be formulated with both the assumption of constant range returns and the assumption of variable range returns. Similar to the classical DEA model, this method can be formulated as a set of optimization problems looking for weights for given inputs and outputs.
Economical Evaluation of Public and Foreign Finances of Selected Secondary Schools
Economical Evaluation of Public and Foreign Finances of Selected Secondary Schools
(Economical Evaluation of Public and Foreign Finances of Selected Secondary Schools)
- Author(s):Daniela Mališová, Jana Štrangfeldová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, School education, State/Government and Education, Public Finances
- Page Range:60-66
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Education; secondary schools; public finance; foreign finance; economy;
- Summary/Abstract:The present situation of education in Slovakia is affected by various negative factors, like decrease of students for demographical reasons, discrepancy between kind and number of secondary schools and disregard to reactions of labor market. But, the main reason is an underfinancing across the education. Allocation of public finance by means of normative funding is inadequate. Normative funding forced secondary schools to accept students with low study score to gain more public finance. In the result it is wrong that school must find another foreign or external financial resource like grants and projects of the European Union. The aim of this paper is to assess the economy of selected secondary schools. Ten Business academies, with pupils aged 15–19 years old, established in Banská Bystrica and Žilina self-governing regions were examined. We used panel data gathered in school year 2013/2014 – 2017/2018 from valuable and verifiable sources like Annual reports of education and financial statements of schools. In paper we use qualitative method of semi-structured interviews with professionals in field to find out which indicators are suitable for economy measuring. Based on qualitative method we determined quantitative and financial indicators, like rate of public and external finance. We´re editing data by part of multi-criteria analyze, in the concrete standardized method. We get the economy result of selected secondary schools by integral indicator of applied mathematical method. In the conclusion of paper, we create economy ranking of schools and we suggest the economical solutions for schools with under average results. Our finding is designed by hands of Business academies for comparison with competition, founders of secondary school and resort of education.
Voluntary Cooperation of Citizens in the Community Model of Public Service Delivery
Voluntary Cooperation of Citizens in the Community Model of Public Service Delivery
(Voluntary Cooperation of Citizens in the Community Model of Public Service Delivery)
- Author(s):Beáta Mikušová Meričková, Nikoleta Jakuš Muthová, Marián Holúbek
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics, Governance, Politics and society
- Page Range:67-77
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Cooperation; public service delivery; preferences; willingness to pay;
- Summary/Abstract:Most of the developed countries have implemented new principles of public sector reform – new approaches to the management of the public sector. A major feature of the new public management (NPM) is the introduction of market type mechanisms (MTM) to the running of public service organizations: the marketization of the public service. The marketization of public services aims at a continuous increase in public expenditure efficiency, continual improvements in public services quality, the implementation of the professional management tools in the public sector, and last but not least, charge for public services. Price of public services in mainstream economics theory is connected with preference revelation problem. Economic models explain the relationship between consumer behavior (revealed preferences) and the value of public goods, and thus determine the value of the goods themselves. The aim of the paper is to determine the success of the community model of public service delivery based on the demonstrated preferences of individuals in the consumption of public services/public goods. The direct way of determining the preferences of individuals was used in this paper (willigness to pay and willigness to accept). These preferences will be identified based on the crowdfunding campaign as an example of community model of public goods provision by using survey experiment method. The willingness of individuals to pay is dependent on the individual's relationship with the organisation, the organisation's employees, or sympathise with those for whom the collection is, for whom the project is designed.
Impact of Fiscal Decentralization Reforms in Albania
Impact of Fiscal Decentralization Reforms in Albania
(Impact of Fiscal Decentralization Reforms in Albania)
- Author(s):Oltiana Muharremi, Lorena Çakërri, Filloreta Madani
- Language:English
- Subject(s):National Economy, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
- Page Range:78-85
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Public expenditure; challenges; reform; fiscal decentralization;
- Summary/Abstract:Decentralization and fiscal decentralization constitute one of the most followed trends for political and economic reform in recent years around the world. Albania, in the 1990s, begins its process of transitioning from a centralized economy to a free-market economy. This process is accompanied by transforming existing economic mechanisms and infrastructure to better function the free-markets model, but above all, with the need to develop and create new legal, institutional, economic, and social instruments and spaces to increase the allocation and efficiency of public and private resources. The objective of this study is to give an appropriate answer to the question: What has been the impact of decentralization reforms on the performance of public services provided by local government? The research paper will focus on the role that improvements and legislative changes play in the country's economic growth. Within the past two decades, progress is made in advancing decentralization reform, but there are still many challenges ahead, such as the lack of a clear legal and regulatory framework. Adding to that concern is the financial autonomy of local governments, which remains a challenge for the future. The research methodology used will be a descriptive analysis of data obtained from the Ministry of Finance and Economy and local municipalities on the impact of the reforms. Recommendations and suggestions will be given on the reforming process, as well as ways to increase the efficiency of local government units.
State Aid and Competitiveness of European Union Economies - Legal and Economic Approach
State Aid and Competitiveness of European Union Economies - Legal and Economic Approach
(State Aid and Competitiveness of European Union Economies - Legal and Economic Approach)
- Author(s):Piotr Podsiadło
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic development, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:86-94
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:State aid; European Union; development strategies; economies; competitiveness;
- Summary/Abstract:The Lisbon strategy and the Europe 2020 strategy pointed to the need for a series of reforms to ensure economic growth, while stressing the creation of conditions for the competitiveness of enterprises. An important determinant of economic growth is the development of enterprises and entrepreneurship. When considering the impact of enterprise size on its competitiveness, it can be stated that small and mediumsized enterprises play a key role in the development of entrepreneurship. An important factor that, on the one hand, can contribute to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and the elimination of barriers related to their activities, and on the other can be conducive to regulating the market mechanism, is the system of State intervention, within which State aid can be distinguished. In the single European market, where free competition is the regulator of all on-going processes, there is a rule that State intervention is permissible if the market alone cannot solve certain problems. According to the claims of welfare economics, when there are no premises for market failure, the domain of the State should be only redistribution of income, since the operation of a free-competitive market will ensure efficient allocation of resources. The purpose of the article is to present the issue of competitiveness of the economy, based on the competitiveness of enterprises, from the perspective of solutions adopted as part of the European Union's development strategies in relation to State aid.
Health Technology Assessment: Literature Review
Health Technology Assessment: Literature Review
(Health Technology Assessment: Literature Review)
- Author(s):Jana Rozmarinová
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:95-105
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Health technology assessment; pharmacoeconomics; Czech health policy; public health economics;
- Summary/Abstract:Health Technology Assessment (HTA) is one of the tools that can be used to support rational and objective decision-making in healthcare in the endeavour to contain public expenditure while maintaining the availability of healthcare interventions. The complex process of HTA often struggles to find its place in public policies and faces pressure from various stakeholders. HTA has existed since the 1970s and as a formal process has its roots in the United States. During the 1980s, HTA began to spread outside the US and over the next twenty years, reached almost all European countries, including some countries in Central Europe. The rise of HTA brought about an exponential increase in the empirical studies of HTA available in academic databases. This study reviews the available literature to analyse the development and research topics and the potential pitfalls of HTA implementation.
Do Public Enterprises Manage Earnings? Evidence from Germany
Do Public Enterprises Manage Earnings? Evidence from Germany
(Do Public Enterprises Manage Earnings? Evidence from Germany)
- Author(s):Marcus Sidki, David Boll, Harry Müller
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
- Page Range:106-114
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Earnings management; empirical accounting research; public enterprises;
- Summary/Abstract:Earnings management is among the most extensively analysed topics of empirical accounting research since the 1980s. However, studies have focussed on commercial enterprises only and not yet properly covered the case of public enterprises. We try to close this research gap by modelling the management incentives to manipulate earnings with reference to institutional economic theory. Based on that, we analyse the financial reporting of 14,800 German public companies over a period of 16 years. The data shows clear signs of earnings management for those public enterprises that are more independently run, rather detached from traditional municipal activities, and operating in a more competitive market environment, which is in line with our theoretical model.