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Work and Organizational Psychology 2019 Cover Image

Work and Organizational Psychology 2019
Work and Organizational Psychology 2019

Contributor(s): Jakub Procházka (Editor), Tomáš Kratochvíl (Editor), Martin Vaculík (Editor)
Subject(s): Education, Psychology, Business Economy / Management, Educational Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Behaviorism, Methodology and research technology, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research, Pedagogy
Published by: Masarykova univerzita nakladatelství
Keywords: work; psychology; organizational psychology; education; methodology; human resources; employment; management;
Summary/Abstract: "The 18th International Conference on Work and Organisational Psychology 2019 took place in Brno, at Masaryk University on 22–23 May 2019. Over 130 participants and guests watched and listened to 64 presentations from academics and practitioners from 10 different countries. The contributions covered various areas of work and organisation psychology and related fields. Most represented were psychometric contributions focused on methods used to measure work-psychology constructs, contributions focused on work psychology in the context of educational institutions, and contributions devoted to the application of knowledge of occupational psychology in organisations. Applied psychological disciplines were also significantly represented. This book presents 24 selected studies that were given in the form of a lecture or a poster at the conference and then positively reviewed by two reviewers. We would like to thank our colleagues from Charles University, Palacký University in Olomouc, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Masaryk University, Comenius University in Bratislava, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice and the Slovak Academy of Sciences for helping with the organisation of the conference and for cooperation in the review process. We wish that readers will find interesting information and inspiration for their own praxis. This was a jubilee conference celebrating 20 years since the first Conference on Work and Organisational Psychology, which took place in Slovakia. Therefore, we wish for the conference further interesting contributions, stimulating meetings and continued cooperation over the next 20 years."

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-80-210-9488-8
  • Page Count: 238
  • Publication Year: 2019
  • Language: English
The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale – psychometric characteristics of the Slovak version, associations with related constructs and applications in work psychology

The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale – psychometric characteristics of the Slovak version, associations with related constructs and applications in work psychology
(The Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale – psychometric characteristics of the Slovak version, associations with related constructs and applications in work psychology)

  • Author(s):Jozef Bavoľár
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Methodology and research technology
  • Page Range:12-21
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:intolerance of uncertainty; psychometrics; risk perception; indecisiveness; decision outcomes;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objective. The study presents the Slovak version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale with the aim of examining its factor structure and construct validity through relationships with related variables. It also aims to sketch the possibilities of applying it in work psychology. Method. The study consists of two datasets which included a total of 220 subjects (age 21-60, mean age 36.7, 59.5% females). The participants completed four self-reported measures – Intolerance of Uncertainty (Carleton, Norton, & Asmundson, 2007), Domain-Specific RiskTaking (Blais & Weber, 2006), Indecisiveness Scale (Frost & Shows, 1993) and the Decision Outcomes Inventory (Bruine de Bruin, Parker, & Fischhoff, 2007). Results. The factor structure and internal consistency of the Slovak version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale was confirmed. Indecisiveness was found to be related to only one factor – inhibitory uncertainty. The intolerance of uncertainty was associated more with risk perception than with risk-taking and no relationship with decision outcomes was found. Conclusions. The Slovak version of the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale is an appropriate tool for measuring this construct. The results of the analysis highlight the importance of distinguishing its two factors – prospective and inhibitory anxiety. Limitations. The study is restricted by the absence of variables more directly related to the role of the intolerance of uncertainty in a work environment.
Engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties – measurement and correlates

Engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties – measurement and correlates
(Engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties – measurement and correlates)

  • Author(s):Agnieszka Bożek, Diana Malinowska, Aleksandra Tokarz
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:22-33
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:engagement in action; beyond-duties engagement; work engagement; UWES questionnaire;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objective. The main purpose of the paper was to present the construct of engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties (shortly: beyond-duties engagement) and its measurement with the modified version of the UWES-9 questionnaire. An additional goal was to find differences in this type of employee engagement depending on personal variables, and the relationship between it and feedback from others, organizational commitment and burnout. Methods. A preliminary study was conducted within 61 employees (77% of men) of a mediumsized company in the automatics-robotics industry. In the main study 137 employees (60% of women) of private and state-owned enterprises of various industries with minimum 2 years work experience in one company took part. In the second study the Feedback scale from the Work Design Questionnaire, Organizational Commitment Scale, and Oldenburg Burnout Inventory were used. Results. It was found that the modified UWES-9 questionnaire to measure beyond-duties engagement is a one-factor, reliable and theoretically valid measure. The higher level of engagement in actions in leadership positions was established, as well as its positive relationship with feedback from others and organizational commitment, and negative relationship with burnout. Conclusions. Engagement in actions beyond basic professional duties is a homogenous construct, linked to positive aspects of work. Every employee may engage in additional activities, although working as a manager may be conducive to greater beyond-duties engagement. Limitations. There was rather small, inhomogeneous group in the main study, in both studies only self-description methods were used.
Starting an entrepreneurial career: Young entrepreneurs’ profiles.

Starting an entrepreneurial career: Young entrepreneurs’ profiles.
(Starting an entrepreneurial career: Young entrepreneurs’ profiles.)

  • Author(s):Zuzana Kožárová, Denisa Fedáková
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Organizational Psychology
  • Page Range:34-43
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Young entrepreneurs; career beginnings; individual career profiles; focus group;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objective. The first aim of this paper is to identify the important features of five entrepreneurial career categories: reasons for pursuing entrepreneurship, preparing for entrepreneurship, launch of entrepreneurship, risks and family background. The second aim of the paper is to describe the profiles of young entrepreneurs using the five entrepreneurial career categories. Method. An 80-minute focus group session with 7 young entrepreneurs aged 26 to 30 years led by 2 moderators. The discussion focused on launching the business and its subsequent development. The discussion was audio recorded and transcribed. The transcripts were processed using Atlas.ti software. Results. The qualitative content analysis of the transcriptions revealed the building blocks of the five entrepreneurial career categories. Seven entrepreneur profiles were created. The findings show various elements and factors affect decisions about entrepreneurial careers. Conclusions. The paper contributes to knowledge relating to the content of the five categories, and specifically to beginning an entrepreneurial career. The individual profiles of the young entrepreneurs reveal the diversity, peculiarities and similarities of the beginnings of an entrepreneurial career. The aim behind the young entrepreneur profiles is to provide effective stimuli for university students attending career planning courses. Limitations. The findings presented here are based on a single focus group discussion, and so cannot be generalized. The size and composition of the focus group (age, gender and region) could be considered a limitation, or conversely as a strength.
The effect of manager's frequency and quality of communication on team's performance

The effect of manager's frequency and quality of communication on team's performance
(The effect of manager's frequency and quality of communication on team's performance)

  • Author(s):Michal Franc, Radvan Bahbouh, Rudolf Kubík
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Management and complex organizations
  • Page Range:44-52
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:team leader; quality of communication; frequency of communication; team performance; sociomapping;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objective. This paper wants to empirically test hypothesis that team leader's (who is the strongest determinant of communication climate and shared mental models within the team) higher frequency and quality of communication leads to higher performance. Method. Hypothesis was tested on a sample of 237 leaders of sales teams from a large financial institution. The team leaders were rated based on quality and frequency of their communication by their subordinates. Team leaders had to be in their positions at least for 1 year. Standard sociomapping items with previously demonstrated reliability and validity were used to measure communication. Team performance was measured by average team member's annual revenue. Results. Regression analysis showed positive effect of quality and frequency of team leader's communication on team performance. Conclusions. From theoretical perspective, the paper follows up on studies investigating relationship between communication satisfaction and team performance. Practical implications lie mainly in s interventions and other efforts to improve communication within organizations. Further, it highlights the necessity to consider managers' communicationrelated competencies during their selection and consecutive development. Limitations. The main limitations of this study are its cross-sectional character and specificity of the sample (effect of intervening variables such as company culture cannot be excluded).
Replication of psychometric analysis of the 4Elements Inventory (4EI) in the general population

Replication of psychometric analysis of the 4Elements Inventory (4EI) in the general population
(Replication of psychometric analysis of the 4Elements Inventory (4EI) in the general population)

  • Author(s):Eva Höschlová, Radvan Bahbouh
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Methodology and research technology
  • Page Range:53-64
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Personality; 4 elements inventory; reliability; validity;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objective. The 4EI questionnaire, based on a four-factor personality model derived from the metaphor of the four elements, was standardized in 2008 in the form of a 100-item version on a quota representative Czech sample (N=493), after ten years of prior development. Following that, it was also standardized based on quota representative samples in the US and Spain. In 2018, the psychometric analysis of 4EI was replicated on a sample of the general population (GP). Method. The GP sample was comprised of all those who filled out the questionnaire since the aforementioned standardization (N=13 298, 58.5% females, average age 36.7, SD=9.7). A basic descriptive statistics item analysis, correlational analysis of the four elements (dimensions), as well as reliability measures and exploratory factor analysis were all repeated on this sample and compared with the previous analyses’ results. Results. In both samples, the difficulty of all items ranged between .1 and .9 and all items correlated with corresponding scales at least .2 or stronger. All four elements (dimensions) reached a high reliability, comparable with the previous estimations. The EFA of a priori fourfactor structure showed results comparable to those of the analysis performed ten years ago. Factor scores as outputs from EFA highly correlate with raw scores of four measured elements (from .96 to .71). Conclusions. Our study provides support for the psychometric qualities of the 4EI questionnaire, even using the new, extended GP sample. Limitations. The EFA as an exploratory tool provides sufficient evidence neither for the stability of factor structure in time nor for the factor validity. Therefore, there is a new article about 4EI in progress, where the results of CFA and ESEM will be provided.
Validation of the Emotion Recognition Test

Validation of the Emotion Recognition Test
(Validation of the Emotion Recognition Test)

  • Author(s):Radvan Bahbouh, Ivana Fabianová, Alžběta Knorková, Eva Chroustová
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Methodology and research technology
  • Page Range:65-72
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Emotional recognition; emotional intelligence; basic emotions; ERT; MSCEIT;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objectives. The Emotion Recognition Test (ERT) was introduced last year as a new tool to measure the ability to recognize emotions (Bahbouh & Fabianová, 2019). This paper adds the support for convergent validity as well as a support for validity based on the way in which the test items were answered. Method. The ERT consists of recognizing the seven emotions (anger, contempt, surprise, happiness, sadness, fear and disgust) presented on 44 photographs that appear in a random order for a period of three seconds at a time. The test is standardized based on a Czech sample of 334 respondents (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.77). For the purposes of construct validation, the MSCEIT test was used based on a sample of 65 quota-selected volunteers, and for the overall score as well as for the partial dimensions of the MSCEIT, the correlation significances were tested as part of the convergence validity. For the support of validity based on the way in which the items were answered, two workshops focused on recognizing emotions for students were used, wherein one group (N = 19) was tested at the beginning of the workshop and the second (N = 18) was tested at the end. Results. The Pearson correlation of the ERT and the overall score of emotional intelligence measured by the MSCEIT was significant (r = 0.294, p = 0.009). In terms of the individual dimensions of emotional intelligence, the correlations with Using emotion (r = 0.383, p = 0.001) and Understanding emotion (r = 0.232, p = 0.032) were significant. In the study focused on the validity given by the way in which test items were answered, the students in both groups used their understanding of the manifestation of emotions when responding to the questions. The previously instructed group achieved statistically significantly better results in the ERT (t = 3.396, d = 1.117). Conclusions. Results of both studies support the validity of the ERT, whose main advantage is a low time intensity. Additionally, the utilization of the test as part of training in the given competence was investigated. Limitations. A limitation of both studies is the relatively small sample in the Czech Republic.
Myslieť na svoju finančnú budúcnosť

Myslieť na svoju finančnú budúcnosť
(Think of your financial future)

  • Author(s):Lenka Valuš, Viera Bačová
  • Language:Slovak
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:75-80
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:consideration of future consequences; financial competence; financial knowledge;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objective. Financial competence of an individual is not only about financial knowledge, but also about attitudes and beliefs. We regard consideration of future consequences of own financial behavior (CFC-F) as the key variable in personal finance management. That is why we focused our research on the predictors of this tendency. Method. 50 financial professionals and 50 non-professionals with equal representation of men and women in each group, average age 37, with university (72%) and secondary education (28%), participated in the study. The questionnaire was administered with subscales of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and consideration of future consequences in the personal finance domain. Results. Linear regression analysis has shown that important positive predictors for CFC-F are professional experience, positive attitudes towards personal finance management, and debt rejection. Financial literacy, surprisingly, predicted CFC-F negatively. Conclusions. Research results point to the importance of attitudes towards personal finance and suggest that financial knowledge may not contribute to considering the consequences of financial behavior. Findings can be useful in drawing up financial education programs. Limitations. Study limits include a small sample of participants and online administration of questionnaires.
Tvorba a pilotní ověření nového inventáře kreativity a inovativnosti Creatixo (DKI-CXO)

Tvorba a pilotní ověření nového inventáře kreativity a inovativnosti Creatixo (DKI-CXO)
(New creativity and innovativeness inventory Creatixo (CIQ-CXO) - its formation and pilot verification)

  • Author(s):Milan Bobek
  • Language:Czech
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Methodology and research technology
  • Page Range:81-90
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:creativity; innovativeness; questionnaire; test; competence development;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objectives. In this study we try to verify the reliability and validity of a new questionnaire (precisely speaking inventory) of creativity and innovativeness, based on review of existing research, tests and literature on creativity. Method. Review identified 80 skills and personality attitudes related to a complex creativity construct according to Urban´s (2002) definition. We preliminarily grouped them into 9 areas: 1. courage, 2. endurance, 3. openness, 4. imagination, 5. empathy, 6. enthusiasm, 7. assertiveness, 8. analytical and systematic thinking and 9. ability of self-development. Data collection was done on a public server with 90 respondents of a wide age, educational and professional range and further on with 35 members of company teams. Results. 3 items were excluded by correlation analysis. The split-half method verified the reliability of the questionnaire (0.90) and its internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.91). Validisation studies have just begun, only validating the results by respondents themselves and their surroundings have been done till now and exploratory factor analysis. Conclusions. The questionnaire proved itself to be reliable, but now it needs adjustment of some of its items according to the factor analysis, collection of new data from a representative sample, confirmatory factor analysis and a proper validation. Limits. Testing of creativity and innovativeness just by a questionnaire. Proper validity assessment has not yet been done. We plan reduction and readjustment of items based on exploratory factor analysis that propose just 6 factors, collecting new data from a representative sample, confirmatory factor analysis and contrast validation with individuals who are known for their high creativity and innovativeness.
Postoje k migrantom v slovenskej populácií na základe údajov Eurobarometra (2017)

Postoje k migrantom v slovenskej populácií na základe údajov Eurobarometra (2017)
(Attitudes towards migrants in the Slovak population based on Eurobarometerdata (2017))

  • Author(s):Miroslava Bozogáňová, Tatiana Lorincová
  • Language:Slovak
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Social psychology and group interaction, Organizational Psychology, Migration Studies
  • Page Range:91-100
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:migrants; attitudes; Eurobarometer; social class;
  • Summary/Abstract:The opinion of the Slovak population is based on the assumption that there are hundreds of refugees in our country. In 2018, 37 persons were granted international protection (MÚ MV SR, 2019). Objectives. The goal of this study is to analyze attitudes towards migrants by gender, employment and perceived social class. Method. The research sample consisted of 1080 respondents in the SR - 43.1% men and 56.9% women of the age of 15 – 93 years (M=49.45, SD=16.83).). Data collection was carried out in a face-to-face interview in the (2017) form of multi-stage probabilistic selection in Eurobarometer 88.2 (2017). Attitudes toward migrants were measured by a 7-item scale (Cronbach = 0.861). We used descriptive analysis, Student t-test for two independent samples, Mann-Whitney U-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results. It was found that women do not differ from men in attitudes towards migrants, employed do not differ from unemployed and respondents from working social class have more negative attitudes towards migrants than respondents in higher classes. Conclusion. The paper provides insight into attitudes towards migrants in the Slovak population. We used the data which are currently the most up-to-date source of this information (April 2018) and provide opportunities for further research. Limits. The nature of the data does not allow us to examine the psychological characteristics of respondents in more detail.
Posudzovanie prejavov bossingu a mobbingu v kontexte osobnostných čŕt zamestnancov

Posudzovanie prejavov bossingu a mobbingu v kontexte osobnostných čŕt zamestnancov
(Assessment of bossing and mobbing manifestations in the context of personality traits of employees)

  • Author(s):Miroslav Frankovsky, Zuzana Birknerová, Milan Droppa
  • Language:Slovak
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:101-110
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:bossing; mobbing; personality traits, BOSSING methodology; NAQ methodology;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objectives. Bossing is a specific form of mobbing as a long-term, systematic negative influence of the superior towards the subordinates. In terms of operationalization of this construct, the original BOSSING methodology is presented in the paper. Methods. The NAQ-Negative Acts Questionnaire methodologies were used to detect mobbing manifestations and the B5 questionnaire enabling the personality traits to be specified in terms of the Big Five concept. Based on the data obtained from the research sample of 636 employees, the paper presents the results of the validation of the BOSSING methodology, which was carried out using the NAQ methodology. Results. The overall NAQ score correlated statistically significantly with both factors - WorkAimed Bossing (0,267) and Psyche-Aimed Bossing (0,117). Basic psychometric characteristics of the methodology and content specification of extracted factors Work-Aimed Bossing (Cronbach alpha – 0,926) and Psyche-Aimed Bossing (Cronbach alpha – 0,813) are presented. The research findings supported a multidimensional understanding of the bossing construct. Conclusion. The results of the correlation analysis between employees’ personality traits and the assessment of bossing and mobbing prove the fact that the more the employees consider themselves as extraverted, open, friendly and conscientious, the less sensitive they perceive the occurrence of bossing and mobbing. Applying the BOSSING methodology in practice can contribute to identifying bossing manifestations in various work contexts. Limits. The limiting factors of interpretation and generalization of the results are related to a limited research sample, taking into account cultural contexts and situational conditions of perception of bossing manifestations. At the same time, it is necessary to draw attention to the determination of the line between bossing and normal, though strict behaviour of a superior.
Smart Factory. Jaké zaměstnance bude firma potřebovat v budoucnu?

Smart Factory. Jaké zaměstnance bude firma potřebovat v budoucnu?
(Smart Factory. What Employees Will the Company Need in the Future?)

  • Author(s):Aleš Gregar, Ivana Pejřová, Jana Matošková
  • Language:Czech
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Business Economy / Management, Organizational Psychology, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:111-118
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Smart Factory; management system; digitization; robotization; work position; qualifications; working conditions; organizational culture;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objective. The purpose of the paper is to provide information about a research project aimed at supporting the implementation of the Smart Factory concept (management system with support of digitization and robotization) in the production plant ALPS Electric CZ, Sebranice, regarding changes in working roles, working conditions, development of employees, changes in conditions for in-company communication and overall changes in corporate culture in ALPS Electric CZ, Sebranice. For research purposes, the research problem was formulated and six research questions were set. Method. About 400 employees work at ALPS, of which about 350 are in production. The research target groups are six work groups that are directly related to production - process engineers, foremen, purchasing, planning and production preparation, logistics (focusing on material supply), manufacturing operators and middle management. Methods for data collection: document analysis, interviews, questionnaire, and findings from selected companies. With regard to the realization of research in one company, we will use descriptive statistics for the analysis and interpretation of data. Conclusion. The findings of the research will help ALPS management to identify and eliminate potential barriers concerning employees when implementing the Smart Factory concept. We will propose measures to support the implementation of the Smart Factory concept in the ALPS specifically focused on work positions and system measures supporting the “smart” change of the ALPS Electric corporate culture. Limitations. The conclusions of the research are based on one medium-sized production plant, and are not generally valid. The Smart Factory concept focuses only on the range of jobs that are directly related to production; it does not take into account the need to assess the impact of digitizing jobs indirectly related to production (ECO, HR, MKT).
Príčiny a kontexty pracovnej neistoty na Slovensku

Príčiny a kontexty pracovnej neistoty na Slovensku
(The Causes and Context of Job Insecurity in Slovakia)

  • Author(s):Michal Kentoš
  • Language:Slovak
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Demography and human biology, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:119-126
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:job insecurity; working conditions; sociodemographic predictors;
  • Summary/Abstract:The presented study deals with the research of job insecurity. Job insecurity is in this context defined as perceived threat that of job lose. Objective. The aim of the study is to analyze the current level of job insecurity in our conditions in the context of contradictory findings on the level of job insecurity in Slovakia. At the same time, the causes of job insecurity were investigated. Method. Following the findings on the incidence, intensity and context of job insecurity, research of the working population was conducted using an online panel on a sample of 1010 respondents, including 508 women and 502 men. Results. The results of the study indicate that the level of job insecurity is mainly due to the method of its measurement. Factors of job insecurity, along with traditional socio-demographic predictors at its level, were influenced by factors of organizational changes, competence, and individual's influence on work. Limits. The limit of the study as well as the results is the method of data collection only by Internet users.
Pracovní spokojenost a osobnostní charakteristiky v souvislosti se změnou tělesné konstituce

Pracovní spokojenost a osobnostní charakteristiky v souvislosti se změnou tělesné konstituce
(Job Satisfaction and Personality Characteristics in Connection with the Change of Body Constitution)

  • Author(s):Klaudia Kubalová, Ivana Toman Čergeťová
  • Language:Czech
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Health and medicine and law, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:127-135
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:job satisfaction; physical activity; performance motivation; relationship in work environment;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objective. Our empirical study investigates whether there is a difference in job satisfaction in relation to targeted physical activity. It deals with the context of changes in body constitution and job satisfaction, the quality of workplace relationships and motivation to exercise. At the same time, it examines the differences in job satisfaction between men and women. It notes the impact of exercise on the personality characteristics of a person, especially on the degree of anxiety, the rate of depression, in the period before starting with regular exercise and after repeated physical activity for 4 months. Method. 77 respondents participated in the research, where differences in the level of job satisfaction were detected before and after regular sports activities. The sample of respondents was composed of 46 women and 31 men, with 75.3 % of participants aged 20-30. In terms of work orientation, the research sample is divided into 52 % of technical professions and 25 % of assisting professions. In research, we use Zung's self-assessment scale of depression, Beck's anxiety inventory, five-factor personality model – Big Five and Body Mass Index. Results. In the study, we point to the interrelationships between variables. We deal with the positive link between exercise and job satisfaction. At the same time, we point out the positive relationship between job satisfaction, motivation to performance and the quality of workplace relationships. Conclusions. Research points out that physical and psychological conditions largely affect the survival and behavior of man in the workplace. Limits. The results of the study could be affected by the understanding of the questionnaire. It is possible that respondents have responded to their feelings directly after exercise. This aspect could affect the responses in the variables depressive and anxiety.
Vnímání bezpečnosti řízení motocyklů na Taiwanu a v České republice

Vnímání bezpečnosti řízení motocyklů na Taiwanu a v České republice
(Perception of motorbike riding safety in Taiwan and the Czech Republic)

  • Author(s):Václav Linkov, Vít Gabrhel, Chun-Hua Hu, Shiao-Tzu Ma
  • Language:Czech
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Health and medicine and law, Transport / Logistics
  • Page Range:136-143
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Motorbike riders; Traffic safety; Czech Republic; Taiwan;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objective. Perception of traffic safety might differ in various cultures. If we study what people in various cultures consider to be important for safe riding, we might enhance our ability to prepare good traffic infrastructure. Method. Sample consisted from 122 Czech and 57 Taiwanese motorcycle or scooter riders. They filled questionnaire with 31 items about how much risky for riders they consider various traffic issues and how often they engage in risky driving activities. Answers of Czech and Taiwanese participants were compared using Mann-Whitney U. Results. Czech riders consider behavior of other drivers to be larger risk for traffic safety than it is considered by Taiwanese riders. Taiwanese riders consider their own riding behavior to be more risky than Czech riders. Taiwanese riders consider themselves to be better riders than Czech riders, they also think (in comparison with Czechs) that they have fewer patience with other drivers and get more easily angry. Taiwanese riders more often agree that they overtake cars from the right side. Czech riders more often than Taiwanese engage in activities allowing to use driving skills like overtaking cars during traffic jam by riding between two lines of cars or riding through solid line in curves. Conclusions. It might be beneficial if Taiwanese riders get information about safe overtaking before riding in the Czech Republic. Limitations. Main limitation is small sample especially in Taiwan. Also, samples in both cultures were collected in different ways. Questionnaire used was constructed for the Czech sample, we didn’t use any internationally used questionnaire.
Psychometrické charakteristiky dotazníka Hexaco-100 použitého vo výberovej a nevýberovej situácii

Psychometrické charakteristiky dotazníka Hexaco-100 použitého vo výberovej a nevýberovej situácii
(The psychometric characteristics of the Hexaco-100 questionnaire used in the selection and non-selection situation)

  • Author(s):Elena Lisá, Mojmír Kališ
  • Language:Slovak
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Methodology and research technology
  • Page Range:144-153
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Hexaco-100; IM; selection situation;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objective. To compare some psychometric characteristics of the Hexaco-100 questionnaire by K. Lee and M. C. Ashton used in the selection situation and for comparison in the non-selective situation. Method. The sample of candidates in the selection situation (N = 173) and the non-selection hospital staff (N = 63). Results. Applicants in the selection scored higher in the dimensions of extraversion, conscientiousness and lower in the emotionality. They achieved lower Cronbach α scores in emotionality and conscientiousness. Overall, internal consistency of both samples was lower than Cronbach α in the foreign comparison samples. Cronbach α for Altruism was very low. Conclusions. In the selection situation, we recommend except the Hexaco-100 to check the conscientiousness and emotional stability by another method; interpretation of altruism is not recommended; data in the honesty-humility factor are applicable for selection situation. For the next research, we recommend verifying the internal consistency and factor structure of the Slovak translation. The benefit of the study lies in real field data. Limitations. The limits of the research study are in the difference between selection and nonselection sample.
Reflexia transformačného, pseudotransformačného a laissez-faire leadershipu v angažovanosti, dôvere a inovácii zamestnancov (pilotná fáza – metóda filmu)

Reflexia transformačného, pseudotransformačného a laissez-faire leadershipu v angažovanosti, dôvere a inovácii zamestnancov (pilotná fáza – metóda filmu)
(The reflection of transformational, pseudotransformational and laissezfaire leadership in employee engagement, trust and innovation (pilot phase – movie method))

  • Author(s):Jana Lišková, Denisa Drabová
  • Language:Slovak
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Business Economy / Management, Organizational Psychology, Methodology and research technology, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:154-163
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:transformational leadership; pseudotransformational leadership; laissez-faire leadership; engagement; trust; innovation;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objectives. The aim of the paper is to present the pilot phase of the second part of the research on verifying the new leadership concept (transformational - TL, pseudotransformational -PTL and laissez-faire - LFL) in terms of employee engagement, trust and innovation. Method. In a between-subject experimental design, categories of leadership were manipulated by the movie method (12 Angry Men). The role of the participants was to focus attention on selected characters (leaders) while watching the film and then respond to self-assessing scales (engagement, trust, innovation). The sample of the pilot study consisted of 36 students. Results. The results were analysed by variance analysis (ANOVA) and showed statistically significant differences in engagement, trust and innovation depending on the type of leadership. Participants perceived the highest engagement, trust and innovation in the TL condition, the lowest in the condition with PTL. Conclusions. The TL reiterated its positive effects on working attitudes and behaviour; on the other hand, PTL again appears to be the “worst” among the selected leadership styles. The LFL did not appear as negative in our research as it is described in the literature. We consider the pilot study to be a necessary step to carry out research on a target sample of employees. Limits. The limit of research is undoubtedly the size of the sample, the use of self-assessing scales and the risk of the possible impact of the movie's character un / sympathy on the outcome.
Spotrebiteľské správanie v kontexte vybraných socio-demografických charakteristík

Spotrebiteľské správanie v kontexte vybraných socio-demografických charakteristík
(Consumer behavior in the context of selected socio-demographic characteristics)

  • Author(s):Tatiana Lorincová, Ivana Ondrijová
  • Language:Slovak
  • Subject(s):Gender Studies, Education, Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Behaviorism, Demography and human biology, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:164-170
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:consumer behavior; consumer ethnocentrism; gender; education;
  • Summary/Abstract:Consumer materialism is defined as the accumulation of property and subsequent exposure of this property to admiration. Compulsive consumer behavior is a compulsive activity aimed at uncontrolled shopping and consumption. Ethnocentric consumers consider purchasing foreign products to be a bad act in view of the impact on the domestic economy. Objectives. The aim of the contribution is to examine specific forms of consumer behavior in terms of gender and consumer education. Method. The research sample consisted of 160 respondents, namely 95 women and 65 men aged 18-65 (m = 35,621, SD = 2,578). For the research purposes, the Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies Scale (CETSCALE) was used by Shimpa and Sharma (1987) to determine the level of consumer ethnocentrism. Consumer behavior was also found in two sub-scales inspired by Schiffman and Kanuk (2004), namely the subconscious of consumer materialism and the subconscious of compulsive consumer behavior. Results. Using t-tests for two independent samples were found statistically significant differences in the level of compulsive consumer behavior in favor of women. At the level of consumer ethnocentrism, consumer materialism and compulsive consumer behavior, there were no statistically significant differences in the secondary and higher education of respondents. Limitations. The limitation of research study is an occasional choice of research sample.
Vnitřní faktory pracovní spokojenosti zaměstnanců ve výrobních podnicích v ČR

Vnitřní faktory pracovní spokojenosti zaměstnanců ve výrobních podnicích v ČR
(Internal Factors of Work Satisfaction of Employees in Manufacturing Companies in the Czech Republic)

  • Author(s):Vladimíra Lovasová, Olexandr Kushch
  • Language:Czech
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Organizational Psychology, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:171-180
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:work satisfaction; neuroticism; psychoticism; existential attitudes;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objectives. Manufacturing firms in the Czech Republic today address the increasing staff turnover and the issue of employee satisfaction is very topical. The aim of this study was to find out whether the job satisfaction of manufacturing company employees is influenced by their existential attitudes and personality in the context of Eysenck's dimensions. Method. The research was carried out in four production plants in the Czech Republic during 2018. Questionnaires DUSIN, EPQ-R and ESK were used. Results. It has been found that neuroticism and psychoticism negatively correlate with most areas of job satisfaction. Positive correlations were found between job satisfaction and the emotional component of existential attitudes, the ability to make choices, acceptance of responsibility and basic existential moments. Conclusions. Existential attitudes and moments and Eysenck's personality dimensions of employees most often enter into satisfaction with job opportunities, satisfaction with the job description and satisfaction in the working team, they less affect work evaluation and satisfaction in relationships with superiors. Limits. The limits of research are mainly that employees of manufacturing companies are treated as a homogeneous group and variables from anamnestic data that would give a more plastic image are not taken into account.The results can be influenced by the fact that the questionnaire filling was very demanding for the respondents. The key question is also whether it is possible to quantify the spiritual qualities of the personality without losing the very essence of existential abilities.
Efektivita mindfulness tréningov v zlepšení zvládania pracovného stresu u učiteľov

Efektivita mindfulness tréningov v zlepšení zvládania pracovného stresu u učiteľov
(Effectiveness of mindfulness training programs in improving work stress management in teachers)

  • Author(s):Alexander Loziak
  • Language:Slovak
  • Subject(s):Education, Psychology, Organizational Psychology
  • Page Range:181-188
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:work stress; mindfulness; teacher;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objective. The main aim of the study is to describe current scientific knowledge about effectivity of so-called mindfulness training programs that are focusing on improving work stress management in teachers. Nowadays, teaching is one of the most stressful professions. Nevertheless, we pay very little attention to educating teachers about stress management skills (Meiklejohn et al., 2012). Mindfulness is the ability to focus attention on present moment with open and non-judgmental attitude. Its practice belongs to most promising ways how to help teachers handle their work load (Emerson et al., 2017). Method. This paper is literature review that analyses 10 current studies which concerned with effect of mindfulness training programs on teacher´s work stress. Trainings included education about mindfulness principles and its individual and group practices. Every analyzed study was published in 2012 or later. Results. Results of the study indicates high effectivity of mindfulness-based programs. All analyzed resources repeatedly show programs lower stress and negative emotions and improve emotional regulation ability. Conclusions. Issue of teacher work stress requires more attention in research but also in practice. Mindfulness training programs might be a solution. Limitations. Limitations of the paper are caused by its briefness because we were not able to grasp specificity of each intervention.
Smysluplnost práce a spokojenost učitelů gymnázií

Smysluplnost práce a spokojenost učitelů gymnázií
(Sense of meaningfulness of work and satisfaction of grammar school teachers)

  • Author(s):Karel Paulík
  • Language:Czech
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Education, Psychology, Organizational Psychology
  • Page Range:189-197
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:work meaningfulness; work satisfaction; personality; Big Five;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objective. The aim of the paper is to analyze the relationship between the work satisfaction of the grammar school teachers and perceptions of the meaningfulness of their own work, ie phenomena that are based on the evaluation of work and working conditions and can be assumed to be related to working behavior. The influence of the personality features included in the Big Five five-factor model is also monitored. Method. The research was carried out at the grammar schools in Olomouc and MoravianSilesian Region with the participation of 169 teachers using questionnaire methods such as pencil and paper (questionnaire of life satisfaction DŽS, inventory of work meaningfulness WAMI and NEO FFI personality questionnaire). Results. The obtained data were evaluated using correlation and regression analysis. Achieved results suggest that work satisfaction and work meaningfulness is positively related to work sense, personality traits, exztraversion, agreeablesness and conscientiousness, and negative to neuroticism. In a relationship with work satisfaction, the sense of meaningfulness of work comes out as a predictor along with satisfaction with financial situation and leisure time. Conclusion. The results achieved correspond to expectations based on the theoretical knowledge and the results of further research. Limitations. wider generalization of achieved results is limited the shortcomings of the used methodology.
Líderšip v edukácii – charakteristika kľúčových konceptov

Líderšip v edukácii – charakteristika kľúčových konceptov
(Leadership in Education – Characteristics of the Key Concepts)

  • Author(s):Eva Sollárová, Vladimír Poliach, Lucia Pašková, Zuzana Heinzová, Beata Žitniaková-Gurgová
  • Language:Slovak
  • Subject(s):Education, Psychology, Educational Psychology, Organizational Psychology
  • Page Range:198-207
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:school leadership; educational leadership; rapid review; framework analysis;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objectives. Education and development of “leaders in education” in the Slovak Republic is not sufficiently grounded, theoretically or empirically. Within these circumstances the APVV project no. 17-0557 ("Psychological approach to development, implementation and evaluation of the competence model of educational leaders´ development”) has an ambition to contribute. As a precondition of a theoretically grounded competence model, there is a need to understand and define key concepts of leadership as applied to the educational setting which is the aim of the paper. Method. The method of the Frame Analysis by Ritchie & Spencer (1994) using CAQDAS and multiple evaluations, was applied to selected representative international literature sources from the area of leadership in education dated 2002 to 2018. Results. The sources analyzed are of high thematic and methodological variance. Defining leadership in education can be categorized according to the key concepts of school, educational and teacher leadership, which is discussed together with related concepts identified as well as the psychological knowledge of leadership applied in the educational setting. Conclusions. Specifications of the key concepts in leadership in the education setting seems inspirational for further processing of the project, as well as areas or topics identified where psychological knowledge and research findings seem to be insufficiently applied. Limitations. Narrowing the focus on the North American context as other studies (eg European) will follow.
Názory zaměstnanců na management v MSP v České republice

Názory zaměstnanců na management v MSP v České republice
(Employees’ opinions to management in SMEs in the Czech Republic)

  • Author(s):Jana Marie Šafránková, Martin Šikýř
  • Language:Czech
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Business Economy / Management, Organizational Psychology, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:208-215
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Czech Republic; management styles; people management; small and medium-sized enterprise;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objective. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in economic development and many of them consider management of employees to be the important source for achieving expected goals. Theoretical background is based on characteristic of different management styles. Method. The paper main aim is analysis of current problems in line management and compare any approaches to management in monitored six Czech SMEs. The survey was conducted from March to April 2018, by questionnaire. The relevant data were obtained from 258 respondents. The data analysis was based on the calculation of relative frequencies and the evaluation of the dependence of responses on gender and age of respondents using contingency tables. The research question is: What are the opinions of employees of the surveyed companies on management and how do they differ according to the type of company? Results. The results show that surveyed SMEs are able to effectively manage. Management practices in SMEs should be focused on management styles, employee evaluation and compensation to achieve expected organizational results through achieving desired employee results. Conclusions. The paper summarizes the results of the authors' questionnaire survey on managing people in six Czech profit SMEs. The results are interesting for the research and managers of SMEs who are responsible for managing employees. The results open up new possibilities for further research in the field of management. Limitations. The main limitation are results of only six SMEs and sample size.
Efekt podnikateľského vzdelávania na rozvoj podnikateľských kompetencií

Efekt podnikateľského vzdelávania na rozvoj podnikateľských kompetencií
(Effect of entrepreneurial education on development of entrepreneurial competencies)

  • Author(s):Andrea Zelienková, Zuzana Kožárová
  • Language:Slovak
  • Subject(s):Education, Psychology, Business Economy / Management
  • Page Range:216-224
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:entrepreneurship education; knowledge; abilities; attitudes;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objectives. The purpose of this paper was to explore the impact of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial competence development, specifically knowledge, abilities and attitudes of university students. Entrepreneurial education was conducted at two universities. Method. A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 12 university students with no entrepreneurial experience. We undertaken semi-structured interviews with participants after completing training programme to explore in depth changes in entrepreneurial competencies. Results. Content analysis of semi-structured interviews showed significant change in entrepreneurial competencies. The most frequent changes were showed in category of knowledge for both universities. Conclusion. Results of content analysis support conclusion, that our entrepreneurial education was effective for development of entrepreneurial competencies, foremost development of entrepreneurial knowledge. Limitation. Limits of study stems from social desirability bias of respondent´s answers and missing triangulation of methods.
Kompetenčné modely líderstva v edukačnom prostredí

Kompetenčné modely líderstva v edukačnom prostredí
(Leadership Competency Models within the Educational Setting)

  • Author(s):Eva Sollárová, Vladimír Poliach, Lucia Pašková, Zuzana Heinzová, Beata Žitniaková-Gurgová
  • Language:Slovak
  • Subject(s):Education, Psychology, Organizational Psychology
  • Page Range:225-234
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:educational/teacher leadership standards; competency model; framework analysis;
  • Summary/Abstract:Objectives. Standards and requirements on educational leader´s competencies in the Slovak Republic do not fully use the potential of psychological know-how of leadership competency models. One of the aims of the APVV project no. 17-0557 ("Psychological approach to development, implementation and evaluation of the competence model of educational leaders´ development”) is to create a competency model for educational leaders that would be theoretically grounded and research-based. The paper presents the results of the introductory evaluation of specified international competency models for leaders in the educational setting. Method. The method of the Frame Analysis by Ritchie & Spencer (1994) using CAQDAS and multiple evaluations, was applied to selected U.S. educational leadership standards dated 2002 to 2017. Results. The results show differences in metalanguage used and the structure of the models, as well as quite wide range of competencies included in the approaches to school and educational leadership standards/models. Conclusions. The findings are discussed in the perspective of evaluating the conceptualization and development of educational leadership standards within the U.S. context. Limitations. Narrowing the focus on the North American context as other studies (eg European) will follow.
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