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The Membership of Bulgaria in the European Union: Fourteen Years Later : Twentieth Scientific Conference, 15 October 2021, UNWE – Sofia, Big Conference Room Cover Image

Членството на България в Европейския съюз: четиринадесет години по-късно : Двадесета научна конференция, 15 Октомври 2021 г., УНСС, Голяма конферентна зала
The Membership of Bulgaria in the European Union: Fourteen Years Later : Twentieth Scientific Conference, 15 October 2021, UNWE – Sofia, Big Conference Room

Contributor(s): Svetla Boneva (Editor), Vasil Petkov (Editor), Vesselina Dimitrova (Editor), Kaloyan Simeonov (Editor), Alexander Hristov (Editor), Dobroslav Emilov Mollov (Editor), Georgi Marinov (Editor), Silvia Kirova (Editor), Elif Dağdemir Uçkan (Editor), Mirko Tripunoski (Editor), Duško Dimitrijević (Editor), Silvana Jovcheska (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Welfare systems, Law on Economics, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Financial Markets, Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Accounting - Business Administration, Marketing / Advertising, Tourism, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research, EU-Legislation
ISSN: 2815-2719
Published by: Университет за национално и световно стопанство (УНСС)
Keywords: European Union; Bulgaria; EU Development; EU Policy; International Economics; European Integration; Innovations; Cohesion; Sustainability; Energy; Decarbonization; Marketing; Business; Trade; Single Market; Common Agricultural Policy
Summary/Abstract: The international scientific conference organized by International Economic Relations and Business Department at the University of National and World Economy was held for 20th time (14th since Bulgaria's accession to the European Union). Traditionally, it is dedicated to the Bulgarian membership in the European Union as well as the development of various aspects of the EU – policies, economy, circular economy, single market, banking, decarbonization, internal market, trade, marketing, innovations, technology, etc.

  • Page Count: 284
  • Publication Year: 2022
  • Language: Bulgarian
Стратегическата автономия на ЕС и еврото

Стратегическата автономия на ЕС и еврото
(The EU Strategic Autonomy and the Euro)

  • Author(s):Kaloyan Simeonov, Slaveya Vasileva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Public Finances
  • Page Range:7-21
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:Euro; Strategic Autonomy; Economic and Monetary Union; Euro Accession
  • Summary/Abstract:The strategic autonomy is a relatively new concept of the EU. It first appeared in the field of EU foreign policy, security and defence. But now it already covers other areas, including economics, finance, technology, etc. The Communication of the European Commission of January 2021 also developed the ideas on how strategic autonomy should contribute to the development of the European economic and financial system, incl. by strengthening the international role of the euro and the infrastructure of EU financial markets. On the other hand, the concept of completing the Economic and Monetary Union is already about ten years old. Following the economic and financial crisis of 2007-2009, the EU institutions have been united around the idea that the euro area should be further developed by building a complete economic, fiscal and financial union of the EU. The aim is to complete these goals by 2025. The two EU concepts of strategic autonomy and the completion of the Economic and Monetary Union have the same objectives. If two paths (EU concepts) lead to the same destination, including the strengthening of the international role of the euro, would this make the travel more secure and successful? What is the significance of the synergy of these two EU concepts for Bulgaria and for its aspiration to join the euro area? This report will try to answer these two questions.
Еврозоната: от концепцията за финансова стабилност до реалността на дефицити и дългове

Еврозоната: от концепцията за финансова стабилност до реалността на дефицити и дългове
(The Eurozone: From the Concept of Financial Stability to the Reality of Deficits and Debts)

  • Author(s):Vasil Gechev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Public Finances
  • Page Range:22-35
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Optimum Currency Areas; Economic Convergence; Eurozone; Budget Deficit; Government Debt
  • Summary/Abstract:The eurozone was created with the goal of economic convergence between its members. The Maastricht Treaty defined four convergence criteria – price stability, sound government finances, durability of convergence (measured by the long-term interest rate), and exchange rate stability. This paper analyses the developments during the 1999-2020 period in the field of sound government finances, as it is the only convergence criterion which continued to apply after eurozone membership and is by far the most important element of financial stability in the eurozone. According to the Maastricht framework, eurozone members are supposed to keep their annual budget deficits within 3% of GDP and their total government debt below 60% of GDP. In practice, the budget deficit threshold has been frequently exceeded – even by the largest economies in the eurozone – and as a consequence nowadays only a minority of eurozone members have government debt levels below 60% of GDP. It would not be an exaggeration to suggest that the financial framework of the Maastricht Treaty has been severely compromised: in 2020, the debt levels of nearly 1/3 of the euro area countries were well over 100% of GDP – even reaching 155.8% in the case of Italy, and 205.6% in the case of Greece.
Проблеми и предизвикателства пред търговската политика на Европейския съюз

Проблеми и предизвикателства пред търговската политика на Европейския съюз
(Issues and Challenges to the EU Trade Policy)

  • Author(s):Monika Moraliyska
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy
  • Page Range:36-46
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Common trade policy; Trade Power; EU
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of the article is to identify the challenges facing the EU in world trade and to analyze its approaches to solving them. The applied methodology includes: descriptive analysis, comparative analysis, induction and deduction. The result shows that the EU faces several major challenges – resolving the crisis in the multilateral approach to world trade, which calls for reform of the World Trade Organization; Challenges related to the main competitors and partners (USA and China) and the need for modern instruments for protection in trade policy; challenges related to sustainable development and the green transition.
Еволюция на декарбонизацията на европейската икономика: европейския граничен въглероден данък

Еволюция на декарбонизацията на европейската икономика: европейския граничен въглероден данък
(Decarbonisation Evolution of The European Economy: The European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism)

  • Author(s):Svetla Boneva, Filip Petkov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies
  • Page Range:47-69
  • No. of Pages:23
  • Keywords:Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism; Carbon Tax; Energy Intensity; Carbon Leakage; EU; Bulgaria
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of the article is to present the background of the European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). The object of the study is the European Union ambitions for decarbonisation and climate neutrality, the subject of this study is analytical presentation of the proposal for the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism and some implications for Bulgaria. To achieve this goal, three tasks were conducted: 1) context analysis of the EU climate neutrality strategy; 2) establishing a link between the carbon border tax and the European Emissions Trading Scheme; 3) presentation of parameters and implications on the Bulgarian economy in the process of decarbonization. The article is limited to a theoretical analysis. The research methods utilized are: historical-logical analysis, comparative analysis and content analysis. The main thesis is that as long as CBAM contributes to the EU’s climate goals, careful design and tax scope must be defined in view of the competitiveness and readiness of the national economy. The results of the study are theoretical conclusions that serve as a basis for further discussion while finalizing the positions for CBAM implementation.
Маркетингови комуникации в условията на променено потребление – какво се случва?

Маркетингови комуникации в условията на променено потребление – какво се случва?
(Marketing Communications Under the Conditions of Changed Consumption – What Is Happening?)

  • Author(s):Alexander Hristov, Evelina Angelova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Marketing / Advertising
  • Page Range:70-77
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Consumption; Marketing; Marketing Communications; Consumer Behaviour; Crisis
  • Summary/Abstract:The article presents an overview of the development and to some extent the improvement of marketing communications in our country with references to what is happening globally in connection with the crisis in 2020 caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Some aspects of the changed consumption are taken into account and in view of this the first outlines of the changes in the communications are made in three main aspects – in the channels, in the content and in the budgets. The ongoing crisis will inevitably have additional effects on marketing communications, which will also be monitored.
Културната политика в контекста на членството на България в Европейския съюз – финансови и институционални измерения

Културната политика в контекста на членството на България в Европейския съюз – финансови и институционални измерения
(Cultural Policy in the Context of Bulgaria’s Membership in the European Union – Financial and Institutional Dimensions)

  • Author(s):Diana Andreeva-Popyordanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:78-85
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Cultural Policy; Alternative Sources of Funding; Institutional Framework; Cultural and Creative Industries
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper will present a study of cultural policy in the context of Bulgaria‘s membership in the European Union in two aspects – funding of the arts, cultural and creative industries, cultural heritage and cultural tourism and development and transformation of the institutional framework. Public funding and alternative sources of funding, as well as policies for decentralization and regional development in the arts, cultural and creative industries, cultural heritage and cultural tourism are analyzed. A comparative European analysis examines the fund system – the basis for management and financing in EU Member States and its adaptation in Bulgaria.
Отключване на потенциала на кръговата икономика за преодоляване на последиците от пандемията

Отключване на потенциала на кръговата икономика за преодоляване на последиците от пандемията
(Unlocking the Circular Economy Potential to Deal with the Consequences of the Pandemic)

  • Author(s):Margarita Ivanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies
  • Page Range:86-95
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Circular Economy; Recovery; European Union
  • Summary/Abstract:On the background of the efforts for recovery after the outbreak of Covid-19, this paper aims to explore the international experience at three levels. Key practices which are dedicated to the realization of the considerable potential of the circular economy are reviewed. The accent is on the opportunities to unite a short-term perspective for dealing with the challenges during the pandemic and a longer-term vision of setting the direction for sustainable development.
По някои въпроси на прилагането на процедура на договаряне без предварително обявление в контекста на европейското законодателство в областта на обществените поръчки

По някои въпроси на прилагането на процедура на договаряне без предварително обявление в контекста на европейското законодателство в областта на обществените поръчки
(Issues On the Use of Negotiated Procedure Without Prior Publication in the Context of European Public Procurement Law)

  • Author(s):Ilonka Goranova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:96-107
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Public Procurement; Negotiated Procedure Without Prior Publication; Reasons of Extreme Urgency; Individual Administrative Act; Ineffective Contract
  • Summary/Abstract:The negotiated procedure without prior publication is one of the means of awarding public contracts. As contracting authorities derogate from the principle of transparency, they should apply that procedure only in exceptional cases, always justifying its use. The legality of contracting authority decision to use that procedure is a prerequisite for the conclusion of effective contracts, as well as, the lawful expenditure of public funds. Contracting authority, that has conducted a negotiated procedure without prior publication, in the absence of the preconditions specified in the law, is subject to administrative penal liability. In their turn, interested stakeholders can file a claim for ineffectiveness of the contract before court.
Разпоредбата на чл. 69 ЗКПО като данъчен стимул за развойни дейности

Разпоредбата на чл. 69 ЗКПО като данъчен стимул за развойни дейности
(Art. 69 CITA As a Tax Incentive for Development Activities)

  • Author(s):Stoycho Dulevski
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Law on Economics
  • Page Range:108-119
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Tax Incentive; R&D; Corporate Income Taxation; Development Activities
  • Summary/Abstract:Tax incentives are known in various forms in the domestic legislation of many states. They also appear in the Bulgarian tax law in the separate substantive tax acts. Their specific purpose and determine their diverse manifestation. For the purposes of the current study, attention will be paid to the provision of Art. 69 Corporate Income Tax Act (CITA) and its relationship with research and development activities (R&D). In this regard, future author’s recommendations on this issue will be proposed, taking into account the good practices in some states.
Грешка ли беше премахването на мерките в областта на хидромелеорациите от Националния план за възстановяване и устойчивост на Република България?

Грешка ли беше премахването на мерките в областта на хидромелеорациите от Националния план за възстановяване и устойчивост на Република България?
(Was It a Mistake to Remove the Measures in the Field of Hydro-Amelioration From the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic Of Bulgaria?)

  • Author(s):Stoyan Neytchev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, National Economy
  • Page Range:120-131
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:National Recovery and Resilience Plan; Hydro-amelioration; European Union
  • Summary/Abstract:This study provides a brief overview and analysis of the measures taken by the European Union to overcome the negative effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic, materialized through the Mechanism for Reconstruction and Sustainability of the European Commission and the National Reconstruction and Sustainability Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria. The focus is on whether the removal of the measures in the field of hydro-amelioration from the plan can be considered a mistake, for which purpose a connection is made between the state of the infrastructure on the one hand and the competitive advantages of our country in the field of agriculture (natural factors) and, on the other hand, the impact of climate change and the lack of an adequate response to it through the planning of measures in the plan.
Противоепидемичните мерки в ЕС – препятствие пред функционирането на вътрешния му пазар

Противоепидемичните мерки в ЕС – препятствие пред функционирането на вътрешния му пазар
(EU Anti-Epidemic Measures – An Obstacle to Functioning of the Single Market)

  • Author(s):Roxana Trifonova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy
  • Page Range:132-140
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Anti-epidemic Measures; European Union; Single Market; COVID-19
  • Summary/Abstract:During the last 20 years, the EU has managed to achieve a relatively high extent of coordination of its economic policy, despite significant differences in the development of the Member States, the financial crisis at the turn of the century, and dynamic geopolitical processes worldwide. However, in the last year and a half a new unknown challenge has arisen with a major impact on the Union‘s economic results – the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the report is to present research done by the author, concerning the development of the European Single Market in conditions of COVID-19 pandemic.
Многогодишната финансова рамка на Европейския съюз 2021-2027: ще допринесе ли за повишаване на кохезията в ЕС?

Многогодишната финансова рамка на Европейския съюз 2021-2027: ще допринесе ли за повишаване на кохезията в ЕС?
(The Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 of the European Union: Will It Contribute to Cohesion?)

  • Author(s):Vyara Tsvetanova Lavcheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
  • Page Range:141-157
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Keywords:European Union; Multiannual Financial Framework; Budget; Financing; Cohesion Policy; Sustainable Development; Capital Markets; Economic Crisis
  • Summary/Abstract:It is well known that the public budget is the main instrument through which governments regulate economic life within a country, in the same time that of the European Union (EU) is significantly smaller, but charged with the difficult task of implementing the Union’s priorities for the next seven years. The main goal of the study is to identify the novelties in the priorities of the long-term EU budget for the period 2021 – 2027, which are predetermined by the radically new goals for the economic doctrine of the Union. The scientific novelty of the priorities set out in this financial framework, especially as regards cohesion policy, is just one of the particular manifestations of the new course of economic integration that make this budget specific. The innovative moments in the traditionally conservative financing of the EU budget, in turn, illustrate this new course of integration and radically change the currently known ideas about the structure of the Multiannual Financial Framework. The study aims to provide a conceptual idea of the root causes of the need to change both the prioritization in the budgetary procedure and the innovative financing of budget expenditures, thus to be proved empirically that such a reorientation actually solves some of the problems of European budget in times of crisis for economies.
Последици от Брекзит за сектора на финансови услуги на Великобритания и Европейския съюз

Последици от Брекзит за сектора на финансови услуги на Великобритания и Европейския съюз
(Consequences of Brexit for the UK and the EU Financial Services Sector)

  • Author(s):Aglika Kaneva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Financial Markets
  • Page Range:158-168
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Brexit; Financial Sector; Financial Services; United Kingdom; European Union
  • Summary/Abstract:In this paper, the consequences of Brexit for the UK financial sector have been examined. An analysis has been made of the impact of Brexit on both the UK banking sector and non-banking financial sector. The way in which financial services in the UK and the European Union member states may be influenced by Brexit has been studied.
Промени в потребителското поведение при бързооборотните стоки, породени от пандемията от COVID-19

Промени в потребителското поведение при бързооборотните стоки, породени от пандемията от COVID-19
(Consumer Behavior Changes Towards Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Induced by the COVID-19 Pandemic)

  • Author(s):Kalina Kyurkchiyska
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management
  • Page Range:169-178
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Consumer Behavior; Consumers; Attitudes; Loyalty; Consumer Need; Marketing
  • Summary/Abstract:This article examines the main changes in consumer behavior in FMCG business, which occurred as a result of the pandemic of early 2020. It’s about consumer attitudes, habits, frequency and volume of purchases and others are changing. Sales of food and non-food products in different regions in the last 3 years are compared. In this situation, it is very important what actions international companies will take in order to protect their business and increase their revenues.
Google рекламите в интернет като инструмент на оптимизацията за търсещите машини

Google рекламите в интернет като инструмент на оптимизацията за търсещите машини
(Google Advertising in Internet as an Optimization Tool for Search Machines)

  • Author(s):Viktoria Lozeva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Marketing / Advertising
  • Page Range:179-189
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Marketing; Internet; Paid Advertisement; Search Engine Optimization
  • Summary/Abstract:At times of constant digitalization, business is facing several questions: how to upmost successful extent present itself to the world? How to increase its income? And are the paid internet advertisements the best way to promote itself on the market?
Банковият сектор в България – промени и регулации след приемането на страната в Европейски съюз

Банковият сектор в България – промени и регулации след приемането на страната в Европейски съюз
(Bulgarian Banking Sector – Changes & Regulations After Country’s Accession to the EU)

  • Author(s):Elina Tzvetkova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Financial Markets
  • Page Range:190-201
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Capital Adequacy; Banking Sector; European Union
  • Summary/Abstract:The present research aims at outlining the significance of the capital adequacy in the banking sector, especially during the globalization period, as well as to address the necessity of a uniform legal framework setting up the regulations on EU and international level. The global financial crisis of 2007-2008 is viewed as a main reason for tightening of the sectoral measures. Its effects were noted in Bulgaria with a lag of a year. This report reviews the capital requirements applied in the wake of the crisis in order to strengthen the banking system and increase sector stability through capital adequacy reforms and the establishment of liquidity buffers. For this purpose, the author conducts a qualitative analysis of the present legal national and EU framework applicable on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria.
Европейската гаранция за детето като инструмент за управление на кризата с бедността при децата

Европейската гаранция за детето като инструмент за управление на кризата с бедността при децата
(EU Child Guarantee as a Tool to Manage the Child Poverty Crisis)

  • Author(s):Maria Yankova-Mladenova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Welfare systems
  • Page Range:202-210
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:EU Child Guarantee; Government Policies; Projects; Poverty
  • Summary/Abstract:Before the COVID-19 pandemic, almost a quarter of children in Europe were at risk of poverty and social exclusion. The forecasts in the following years are for an increase in poverty and social exclusion caused by the continuing impact of the crisis on the socio economic situation in the Member States across Europe. In response, the European Commission established the EU Child Guarantee with a view to ensuring that every child in Europe at risk of poverty or social exclusion has access to the most fundamental rights such as health and education. The EU Child Guarantee itself will be effective only within a broader set of integrated measures, as outlined in the European Pillar of Social Rights Action Plan, and within a broader policy framework of the EU strategy on the Rights of the Child.
Защитни мерки за лицата, докладващи за изпирането на пари

Защитни мерки за лицата, докладващи за изпирането на пари
(Protective Measures for Persons Reporting to Money Laundering)

  • Author(s):Lyubka Tzenova, Polina Kavrakova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence
  • Page Range:211-222
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Breaches; Information on Breaches; Facilitator
  • Summary/Abstract:The article examines the measures proposed by the EU to protect persons who are obliged or on their own initiative to signal transactions and actions aimed at money laundering. The European legislator takes very seriously the need to create security guarantees for whistle-blowers and their families. As a result of serious and in-depth research, the European legislator has come to the conclusion that the adoption of a special directive introducing safeguards for such leases is particularly urgent.
Нова рамка на публичните предприятия в България. Концепция и систематизация

Нова рамка на публичните предприятия в България. Концепция и систематизация
(New State Owned Enterprises Framework иn Bulgaria – Concepts and Systematization)

  • Author(s):Dimitar Elkov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Public Finances
  • Page Range:223-249
  • No. of Pages:27
  • Keywords:Corporation; Corporate Governance; Unincorporated Enterprises; Public Quasi-Corporations; State-Owned Enterprises; Public Enterprises; Municipal Enterprise
  • Summary/Abstract:The Law on Public Enterprises and its Implementing Regulations, which will enter into force in 2020, create an entirely new regulatory framework in line with international standards for corporate governance of state-owned enterprises. Effective implementation of the new framework requires an understanding of corporate governance concepts, including the nature and main trends that have determined the need and purpose of international standards for the regulation of public enterprises. Next, the correct introduction and adequate observance of the international regulation for corporate governance of public enterprises requires clarification of the key concepts used and comparison with their analogues in the current legislation in Bulgaria.
Оценяване на аспектите на проектното портфолио на българските стопански организации

Оценяване на аспектите на проектното портфолио на българските стопански организации
(Project Portfolio Evaluation Aspects of the Bulgarian Business Organisations)

  • Author(s):Mariana Darley
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Accounting - Business Administration
  • Page Range:250-262
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Project Portfolio; Project Portfolio Evaluation; Project Selection Methods; Project Portfolio Balance; Project Sustainability
  • Summary/Abstract:Despite the crisis caused by COVID-19, worldwide organisations continue to be interested in using a project portfolio as a management device, as they recognise the need to improve activities and to improve strategic methods in the companies they manage. This paper assesses different aspects of the project portfolio or more precisely, the different criteria for selection of projects in the portfolio (for instance – which project has higher priority, how best to allocate resources to projects, which project to implement and which to be dropped, etc.). As each organisation is different, the project portfolio does not have a precise established framework or formula to achieve success, nonetheless the goals remain the same: 1. the projects need to be in compliance with the organisation’s requirements; 2. a balance of projects in the organisation’s portfolio is required (as a result of detailed selection); 3. tо select the correct methodology for each project; 4. the strategy and the selected project goals should match; 5. the selected portfolio projects need to be sustainable with a feedback loop for further development and improvement; and last but not least important – 6. to achieve a return on investment and increase company capital. As each organisation needs a different portfolio management model, the evaluation of the project portfolio aspects and the project portfolio evaluation methods are based on the six indicators written above.
Лидерство и мотивация на човешките ресурси в сферата на туризма

Лидерство и мотивация на човешките ресурси в сферата на туризма
(Leadership and Motivation of Human Resources in Tourism)

  • Author(s):Fahri Idriz, Nikol Mincheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Tourism, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:263-272
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Motivation; Tourism; Human Factor Leadership
  • Summary/Abstract:Tourism is one of the sectors of the future. The rapid development of the sector is a challenge in the management and motivation of human resources in tourism. The traditional approaches and methods used in leadership to increase the motivation of human capital are undoubtedly important for all real enterprises. But when it comes to tourism, additional factors can be identified that are related to increasing the motivation of the human factor. According to the above, the article highlights the peculiarities of the motivation of employees in tourism and emphasizes the specific features of the motivation of human capital in the tourism sector. On this basis, appropriate strategies, policies and investments have been identified, which should be used to promote the competitiveness of tourism enterprises in Bulgaria.
Новите предизвикателства пред Общата селскостопанска политика на ЕС за периода 2021-2017 г.

Новите предизвикателства пред Общата селскостопанска политика на ЕС за периода 2021-2017 г.
(The New Challenges in the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU for the Period 2021-2027)

  • Author(s):Nikol Nikolaeva Konakchiyska
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Agriculture
  • Page Range:273-284
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:CAP; Sustainability of the Agricultural Sector; Economic Development; Future of the Program
  • Summary/Abstract:Based on an analysis, this article presents the theoretical and methodological framework of the new challenges in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), accompanied by increasing relevance to EU support for the sustainability of the agricultural sector. Hereof, the aim of the article is to study the full economic and social potential of the program in order to derive the contribution pointed at the economic development of agricultural areas for the reference period. To achieve this goal, the possible difficulties faced by the program are outlined and ways to improve and successfully implement the new programming period are proposed. The main methods used for the needs of the research are: comparative analysis for presentation of the surveyed information; graphical method and formation of generalizations. The analysis covers a study of a number of indicators to assess the future of this policy, by analyzing the general and specific objectives of the CAP on the modernization and implementation of actions for sustainable farms.
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