Válság, változás, perspektívák / Crize, Schimbări şi Perspective II.
Crises, Changes, Perspectives II.
Contributor(s): Zsuzsanna Ajtony (Editor), Boróka Prohászka-Rád (Editor), Erika-Mária Tódor (Editor)
Subject(s): Philosophy, Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies
Published by: Scientia Kiadó
Keywords: crises; changes; perspectives
Series: Műhely
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-606-975-058-2
- Page Count: 227
- Publication Year: 2022
- Language: Romanian, Hungarian
NEVETÉS, ÉLETLENDÜLET ÉS A GÉPIESSÉG KÉPTELENSÉGE: BERGSON KOMIKUMELMÉLETÉNEK LÉLEKTANI JELENTŐSÉGE
NEVETÉS, ÉLETLENDÜLET ÉS A GÉPIESSÉG KÉPTELENSÉGE: BERGSON KOMIKUMELMÉLETÉNEK LÉLEKTANI JELENTŐSÉGE
(LAUGHTER, VITALITY, AND THE ABSURDITY OF AUTOMATISM – THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF BERGSON’S THEORY OF LAUGHTER)
- Author(s):Dóra Dergez-Rippl
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Philosophy, History of Philosophy, Contemporary Philosophy
- Page Range:15-27
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:intuition; philosophy; psychology; art; laughter; humour;
- Summary/Abstract:For Bergson, humour is a social phenomenon, and it needs artistic media to work well. Humour has a specific logic pointing beyond rationality. An epistemological investigation of laughter is theoretically required because the human ability of laughing – according to Bergson – is not a mere evolutionary reaction but a philosophical-psychological instinct, namely the ability for intuition of life. Within the confines of comedy, Bergson distinguishes several types of humour. He intends to emphasize that comedy stands on the boundary between life and art, and thus it trends to the universal. The philosophical relevance of humour reveals itself in being conducive to learning the technique of paying attention to life. The artist feels this human aim: the desire to contemplate ourselves free from external interests. Bergson calls this contemplation intuition. With this ability, one can turn to one’s own self. According to Bergson, this willingness proves the aesthetical ability of mankind, which has a subtle aim: to search for ourselves beyond our sense. In my paper, I would like to present the main elements of Bergson’s theory of laughter. Furthermore, I would like to emphasize that Bergson’s centenarian theory is still relevant.
A MAGYAR TÁRGY SZÓFAJA ÉS A HATÁROZOTT-HATÁROZATLAN RAGOZÁS
A MAGYAR TÁRGY SZÓFAJA ÉS A HATÁROZOTT-HATÁROZATLAN RAGOZÁS
(THE DIRECT OBJECT AND THE DEFINITE/INDEFINITE CONJUGATION IN HUNGARIAN)
- Author(s):Réka Pupp
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Language acquisition
- Page Range:29-38
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:direct object; definite conjugation; indefinite conjugation; third-person object;
- Summary/Abstract:Each language has its own phonetic, morphological, and syntactic features, which now have to be taught online so that Romanian-speaking students can master and use them, preferably not just online. Teaching Hungarian as a foreign language exclusively online has often brought us into a crisis situation since in the absence of eye contact the realization of immediate feedback is lost, and there are far fewer opportunities for spontaneous linguistic expressions, for oral practice. One of the linguistic problems that arose during this period was the recognition and use of the definite/indefinite nature of the direct object, which is partly a matter of word type. The correct conjugation of the verb, which is in fact determined by the object itself, is particularly important here. In addition to the definite third-person object, for example, the basic member of a verb is always definite, but in the case of a first- or second-person or indefinite object, the verb also has an indefinite conjugation. A direct object expressed as a verb in the infinitive may offer a solution. Primarily because the form of the object expressed by a verb in the infinitive is simple, it is not difficult to recognize: akar aludni ‘want to sleep’, enged játszani ‘let play’, and in such cases the base verb has most often indefinite conjugation, which can be practised this way. Secondly, a direct object expressed by a verb in the infinitive can also have its own object expressed by a noun, and the conjugation of the base verb depends on the definiteness or indefiniteness of that second object: szeretnék fagyit enni ‘would like indefinite conj. to eat ice-cream’], szeretném a fagyit enni [would like definite conj. the ice-cream to eat]. The parallel practice of these syntactic structures (multiple objects) seems achievable with the help of written assignments.
A COVID–19-JÁRVÁNY HATÁSÁRA KIALAKULÓ ÚJ NYELVI SAJÁTOSSÁGOK A KIFEJEZÉSKÉSZLET VONATKOZÁSÁBAN
A COVID–19-JÁRVÁNY HATÁSÁRA KIALAKULÓ ÚJ NYELVI SAJÁTOSSÁGOK A KIFEJEZÉSKÉSZLET VONATKOZÁSÁBAN
(NEW LINGUISTIC FEATURES RESULTING FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC)
- Author(s):Réka Suba
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Lexis
- Page Range:41-50
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:new linguistic features; new expressions; changed meanings;
- Summary/Abstract:From March 2020, an unprecedented period began in the lives of all of us, which put our adaptability, work practices, learning and teaching habits, and even our language use to the test. One of the strict restrictive measures introduced following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was the regulation on immediate transition to online work practice and education. The current situation and work schedule significantly transformed the previous practices: it changed not only interpersonal relationships but also our speaking habits due to the difficulties and interruptions of technical communication, starting from the development of better sound formation and articulation to the use of new expressions, vocabulary units with altered meanings, or lexicalelements never heard before. Our aim is to take stock of some of these newly developed features.
KORONAHUMOR A MÉDIÁBAN
KORONAHUMOR A MÉDIÁBAN
(THE CORONAVIRUS AND HUMOUR IN THE MEDIA)
- Author(s):Sára Magyari
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Pragmatics
- Page Range:51-60
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:neologism; humour; coronavirus; vaccination;
- Summary/Abstract:With the coronavirus, hundreds of neologisms have appeared in our language (Veszelszki 2020a) on the one hand, and events, names, and methodologies that interweave our lives through epidemiological regulations are also present as objects of humour on the other hand (Veszelszki 2020b). In my research, I present the purpose and way in which the Hungarian language community operates the elements of humour in the current crisis situation (Magyari–Szabó 2020). The adopted research methods are participatory observation and Internet resource research, which had two phases: (a) interpretation of neologisms and humorous expressions related to the epidemic and epidemiological regulations emerging in the spring of 2020 and (b) presentation of the vocabulary and humour elements of the vaccination campaign launched in the winter of 2021.
ADALÉKOK A MENEKÜLTIRODALOMHOZ – TOLNAI OTTÓ MENEKÜLTÜGYEI
ADALÉKOK A MENEKÜLTIRODALOMHOZ – TOLNAI OTTÓ MENEKÜLTÜGYEI
(CONTRIBUTIONS TO REFUGEE LITERATURE – TOLNAI’S REFUGEE AFFAIRS)
- Author(s):Anikó Novák
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Hungarian Literature
- Page Range:61-71
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:refugee crisis; refugee literature; postcolonial theories; Ottó Tolnai;
- Summary/Abstract:The paper attempts to interpret the literary representations of the refugee crisis based on the relevant texts of Ottó Tolnai. The author’s works constantly reflect on current social phenomena, so the refugees who are still present on the Hungarian–Serbian border also play an important role in his volumes entitled Nem könnyű [Not Easy] and Szeméremékszerek [Pubic Jewellery]. Tolnai generally interprets things in unusual ways, so in these works he views migrants as an opportunity rather than a danger. Building on postcolonial theories, the paper deals with issues such as migrant, stranger, border crossing, refugee literature, and migrant literature. Furthermore, the study compares the analysed texts with relevant works of Hungarian and world literature from the perspectives of refugee issues.
MIRE TANÍT, AKI TANÍT? TANÁRKARAKTEREK A MAGYAR HANGOSFILM ELSŐ ÉVTIZEDEIBEN
MIRE TANÍT, AKI TANÍT? TANÁRKARAKTEREK A MAGYAR HANGOSFILM ELSŐ ÉVTIZEDEIBEN
(IS THE TEACHING PROFESSION IN CRISIS? THE CHANGING ROLE OF THE TEACHER IN HUNGARIAN FILM REPRESENTATIONS)
- Author(s):Gábor Beretvás
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Film / Cinema / Cinematography
- Page Range:73-88
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:film history; Hungarian film; cultural policy; antisemitism; teacher; Rákosi era; schematism;
- Summary/Abstract:This article offers a survey of around twenty-five years of the Hungarian film culture, beginning with the emergence of sound cinema, which dates back to 1931. I examine changes in the representation of the teacher’s figure in consecutive political systems. Depending on the period in focus, the teacher’s character is either foregrounded and portrayed as a role model, an agency of propaganda, or is pushed into the background giving room to the politically more relevant figure of the party secretary who serves educationalist functions.The cinematic teacher, school, and students make up a community modelling society in the works I focus on, often the prototype of an imaginary and utopian society. In some films, the teacher is portrayed as the everyday hero working towards the achievement of utopian goals, while in others the educator is expected to convey the political élite’s ideological teachings towards students and, indirectly, towards the audience. With the weakening of the authoritarian political system, teacher heroes also lose attitudes forced on them by politics.
ÚJ KARAKTERŰ KÖZÖSSÉGÉPÍTŐ MODELLEK AZ IDENTITÁSKRÍZIS KEZELÉSÉBEN
ÚJ KARAKTERŰ KÖZÖSSÉGÉPÍTŐ MODELLEK AZ IDENTITÁSKRÍZIS KEZELÉSÉBEN
(NEW MODELS OF COMMUNITY BUILDING IN MANAGING IDENTITY CRISIS)
- Author(s):Anikó Péterbencze
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology
- Page Range:89-107
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:ethnic identity crisis; complex cultural pattern; new subculture; new identity carrier;
- Summary/Abstract:The study presents the conclusions of the doctoral dissertation completed at the end of a thirty-year research process. Identity crisis – as a historical category, or rather as a historical process – has long haunted modern societies. However, when this crisis phenomenon is coupled with other elements that exacerbate it, such as ethnic identity crisis, it needs to be examined in several other dimensions. My research question is whether the researched dance culture, the social community entertainment model is suitable in its old and new form and, if so, to what extent it is suitable for the preservation and/or re-creation of the Csángó-Hungarian ethnic identity and, if this is true, how new, 21st-century globalization processes will affect the representation of identity.I believe that in addition to the situational dependence that arises in identity research, the most important problem is that identity is a complex cultural pattern, the verbalization of which is highly controversial in the medium under study. Finally, I try to shed light on the dimensions that are worth exploring in the individual–community–society aspect at the micro-mezzo-macro levels. To solve the problem, we need to examine the mapped levels of the individual’s consciousness, i.e. the interaction between self-awareness, the social self, and the social policy dimensions that surround the individual. In the last few years of the past decade, a new community-building model was operating, the effects of which I see today as a chance for a new Moldavian subculture to replace the bond of ethnic identity with the mother tongue; and this cultural model can be a new identity carrier in the observed local communities in the Bacău region.
A HELYIDENTITÁS VÁLSÁGA MUNKAMIGRÁCIÓ FOLYAMATÁBAN EGY SZÉKELYFÖLDI NAGYKÖZSÉGBEN
A HELYIDENTITÁS VÁLSÁGA MUNKAMIGRÁCIÓ FOLYAMATÁBAN EGY SZÉKELYFÖLDI NAGYKÖZSÉGBEN
(THE CRISIS OF LOCAL IDENTITY IN THE PROCESS OF LABOUR MIGRATION)
- Author(s):Szidónia Nagy-Menyhárt
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Migration Studies
- Page Range:109-123
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:migration; place identity; mobility; loss of place;
- Summary/Abstract:Migration for the purpose of working abroad is a defining social phenomenon today. After the change of regime, the borders were “opened”, labour migration abroad became more intensive, and this process does not show a decreasing trend even today. The reasons and motivation behind working abroad are primarily to meet individual/family needs; however, the potential to explore the unknown world and self-realization are becoming more and more attractive,too. Migration in a transnational space enables an individual to be connected to multiple places at the same time due to fast travel options and advanced means of communication. There are also several examples of family members at home who decide to follow the father/mother working abroad. Such a decision significantly affects the life of the family, restructures place identity, and at the same time relocation can be associated with a sense of loss. In my study, based on the results of my empirical research so far, I describe some aspects of the crisis of place identity that occurred due to long-term labour migration.
MEGÉLHETÉSI STRATÉGIÁK A KORONAVÍRUS IDŐSZAKÁBAN A BODROGKÖZI KARCSÁN
MEGÉLHETÉSI STRATÉGIÁK A KORONAVÍRUS IDŐSZAKÁBAN A BODROGKÖZI KARCSÁN
(LIVELIHOOD STRATEGIES DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN KARCSA, BODROGKÖZ (HUNGARY))
- Author(s):Roland Doszpoly
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Economic development
- Page Range:125-141
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:livelihood; strategy; pandemic; Karcsa; locality; unemployment; formal labour market; informal labour market; change;
- Summary/Abstract:Research on livelihood strategies is not primarily focused on poverty research or poverty mapping, but rather the ethnic characteristics and differences of livelihood strategies will be relevant, regardless of whether we focus on poor or better-off families. Thus, we will analyse the livelihood strategies of the peoples of different identities and ethnicities (Roma and non-Roma) living in Karcsa (Bodrogköz, Hungary) since the change of regime, what forms are still alive and what forms have been developed in the coronavirus situation since 2020, what changes have taken place, and what alternatives to livelihood strategies have emerged.
KRÍZIS VAGY SEM – LÁTENS VÁLSÁG A ROMÁN OKTATÁSPOLITIKÁBAN
KRÍZIS VAGY SEM – LÁTENS VÁLSÁG A ROMÁN OKTATÁSPOLITIKÁBAN
(CRISIS OR NOT – LATENT CRISIS IN ROMANIAN EDUCATIONAL POLICY)
- Author(s):László Csák, Erika-Mária Tódor
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):State/Government and Education
- Page Range:145-154
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:crisis; digital education; school policy; COVID-19;
- Summary/Abstract:In the present paper, the authors tried to identify the characteristic features of the crisis of school policy in Romania as a public policy, during the COVID-19 period. We used two sources: the etymology of the term and an empirical applied research carried out online in the period of November–December 2020. We suggest using a simple set of criteria to decide whether a situation is a perceived crisis or not. Based on the qualitative analysis of the representative parental survey and using the data obtained from the school managers’ survey, we concluded that most of the actors involved understood the whole digital education period during school closure as a crisis that should pass by, and one would switch back to the previous, otherwise utterly not recommendable, status quo.
TOLMÁCSHALLGATÓK ONLINE OKTATÁSA. LEHETŐSÉGEK ÉS KIHÍVÁSOK
TOLMÁCSHALLGATÓK ONLINE OKTATÁSA. LEHETŐSÉGEK ÉS KIHÍVÁSOK
(ONLINE STUDENT TRAINING IN THE DOMAIN OF INTERPRETING – CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES)
- Author(s):Krisztina Sárosi-Márdirosz
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Distance learning / e-learning
- Page Range:155-172
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:distance education; online education; interpreting class; interpreter training;
- Summary/Abstract:In recent decades, globalization, the ever-accelerating world, and the development of information technology have offered new pedagogical and methodological opportunities. However, before the pandemic broke out, it had been hard to imagine training interpreters without face-to-face sessions. The online education introduced in March 2020, which Seresi, Eszenyi, and Robin refer to as distance learning (in the book edited by them and launched in 2020), has created new opportunities and raised new challenges for both university teachers and students. In this paper, we want to present the methods used to replace face-to-face classes, to show how the virtual classroom could be used during interpreting classes, and to present the tasks that proved to be useful for the professional training of students. In addition, we present the results of a questionnaire survey conducted during the period of online education with the participation of Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania undergraduate and master’s students studying translation and interpreting in Miercurea Ciuc and Târgu-Mureş. The aim of the survey is, on the one hand, to explore the difficulties that students faced in online interpreting classes and, on the other hand, to shed light on the opportunities that students felt made the learning process more efficient for them.
PREDAREA LIMBII ROMÂNE CA LIMBĂ STRĂINĂ ÎN SPAŢIUL ON-LINE
PREDAREA LIMBII ROMÂNE CA LIMBĂ STRĂINĂ ÎN SPAŢIUL ON-LINE
(TEACHING ROMANIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THE ONLINE SPACE)
- Author(s):Iulia Maria Deaconu (Ticărău)
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Language acquisition
- Page Range:173-186
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:online courses; Romanian as a foreign language; difficulties;
- Summary/Abstract:The context of the COVID-19 pandemic has radically changed the education system around the world. Both teachers and students had to form a distance classroom together and communicate exclusively by using various platforms in the virtual environment. In this article, we aim to highlight some of the difficulties and challenges we have encountered in teaching Romanian as a foreign language in this new context. At the same time, we draw a parallel between teaching Romanian language in the online and offline space, and we provide answers to students concerning the various tasks proposed during the classes as examples.
A DIGITÁLISTÉR-DIMENZIÓ ÖSSZETEVŐINEK ÉS SZEREPLŐINEK FELMÉRÉSE: A DEBRECENI EGYETEM ÉS GYAKORLÓ ISKOLÁI
A DIGITÁLISTÉR-DIMENZIÓ ÖSSZETEVŐINEK ÉS SZEREPLŐINEK FELMÉRÉSE: A DEBRECENI EGYETEM ÉS GYAKORLÓ ISKOLÁI
(A SURVEY OF THE COMPONENTS AND ACTORS OF DIGITAL SPACE: THE UNIVERSITY OF DEBRECEN AND ITS PEDAGOGICAL PRACTISING SCHOOLS)
- Author(s):Dóra Szabó, Erzsébet Dani
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Higher Education
- Page Range:187-206
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:online education; digital competence; competence measurement; knowledge transfer; methodology;
- Summary/Abstract:In the year 2020, it is no longer surprising to read a lot about digital education, the challenges it generates, and the related negative and positive opinions. The pandemic has affected the lives of all of us. It has resulted in a situation where educators, teachers, and students have all been forced to go online – teaching/educating has entered the digital space. In this forced situation, innumerable forms and variations of educational forms and online platforms have emerged, reflecting the skills and prior experiences of the educator/teacher and the student in the digital world. Online education as a paradigm shift in teaching methodology has been a challenge for everyone. The problems of digital inequality/division have surfaced, and the differences in digital and technical skills between the generations have intensified. In our research, we are looking for answers to the following questions: 1. Challenges – solutions: What challenges do educators/teachers and students face and what individual solutions have been found? 2. Institutional/individual digital inequalities: What opportunities does the education system provide, how much has it helped the work, and to what extent has the digital divide taken hold? 3. Knowledge transfer: How effective is digital education? Is the educator/teacher able to transfer the same knowledge material as in face-to-face education? To what extent is knowledge transfer realized? Or, by analogy with the web 1.0–3.0, what impacts does learning 1.0–3.0 have? 4. Legitimacy: Can online education have legitimacy in the future? In our research, we intend to examine three agents: the student, the teacher, and the educational system. We carried out our research primarily among the students and lecturers of the University of Debrecen, but we are also curious about the situation in public education.
Rezumate
Rezumate
(Abstracts)
- Contributor(s):Zsuzsanna Ajtony (Editor), Boróka Prohászka-Rád (Editor), Erika-Mária Tódor (Editor)
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Philosophy, Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:209-215
- No. of Pages:7
Abstracts
Abstracts
(online education, digital competence, competence measurement, knowledge transfer, methodology)
- Contributor(s):Zsuzsanna Ajtony (Editor), Boróka Prohászka-Rád (Editor), Erika-Mária Tódor (Editor)
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:217-223
- No. of Pages:7
A kötet szerzői / Autorii volumului
A kötet szerzői / Autorii volumului
(The Authors of the Volume)
- Contributor(s):Zsuzsanna Ajtony (Editor), Boróka Prohászka-Rád (Editor), Erika-Mária Tódor (Editor)
- Language:Romanian, Hungarian
- Subject(s):Editorial
- Page Range:225-226
- No. of Pages:2