Rzym a Półwysep Iberyjski. Inspiracje i powiązania na przestrzeni dziejów / Roma y la Península Ibérica. Inspiracíones y vinculaciones a través de los siglos
Rome and Iberia. Inspirations and Connections throughout History
Contributor(s): Adriana Grzelak-Krzymianowska (Editor), Maria Judyta Woźniak (Editor)
Subject(s): History, Language and Literature Studies, Archaeology, History of ideas, Ancient World
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Keywords: Rome; Iberia; Iberian Peninsula; reception; Antiquity; Spain
Summary/Abstract: The monograph book Rome and Iberia. Inspirations and Connections throughout History tries to fill a gap in the market of scientific publications, showing the connections between ancient Rome and the Iberian Peninsula. These relations still interest researchers representing various scientific disciplines, both in Poland and abroad. The book opens with a part devoted to linguistic issues, focused on the heritage of Latin in Spanish. The second part deals with literature in its broadest sense, from the works of authors such as Martialis and Pliny, through the Latin love songs of Ripoll, the fifteenth-century work of John of Stobnica, to the ancient ekphrasis present in the literature of seventeenth-century Spain. Also represented is the literature of Portugal, which looked to ancient mythology for the origins of the country. Subsequent chapters of the book deal with history and archaeology, introducing - on the basis of literary texts and archaeological remains, inscriptions or coins - studies of the imperial cult in the Spanish provinces of Rome, military issues, political coalitions, Roman law, as well as contemporary evocations of ancient figures as personal models for later European leaders. The monograph also includes chapters on amphorae and temples, which are tangible traces of the relationships studied, left over from ancient cultural and commercial exchanges.
Series: Uniwersytet Łódzki
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-8220-422-3
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-8220-421-6
- Page Count: 403
- Publication Year: 2021
- Language: Polish, Spanish
Wstęp
Wstęp
(Introduction)
- Author(s):Adriana Grzelak-Krzymianowska, Maria Judyta Woźniak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:9-10
- No. of Pages:2
Introducción
Introducción
(Introduction)
- Author(s):Adriana Grzelak-Krzymianowska, Maria Judyta Woźniak
- Language:Spanish
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:11-12
- No. of Pages:2
Del sistema preposicional latino al caos preposicional castellano
Del sistema preposicional latino al caos preposicional castellano
(From the Latin prepositional system to Spanish prepositional chaos)
- Author(s):Tomás Jiménez Juliá
- Language:Spanish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:15-35
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Latin; Castilian; prepositions; grammatical change; grammaticalisation
- Summary/Abstract:In Late Latin and the early stages of Castilian, prepositions assumed a role that they did not have in Classical Latin; namely, the identification of the case marks of the now disappeared flexional case system. This new role led to the grammaticalisation of the most commonly used prepositions and, thus, the progressive disappearance of the systematic set of semantic oppositions of Latin. The highly systematic set of prepositions was superseded by a chaotic collection of prepositional items in Spanish.
Los mecanismos de modalización en las oraciones condicionales no reales: del latín a los romances (con especial atención al castellano)
Los mecanismos de modalización en las oraciones condicionales no reales: del latín a los romances (con especial atención al castellano)
(The mechanisms of modalization in the conditional unreal clauses: from Latin to Romance languages (with special attention to the Spanish))
- Author(s):Wiaczesław Nowikow
- Language:Spanish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:37-51
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Latin; Romance languages; Spanish; mood; tense; conditional sentences; typological approach
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this paper is to analyze the mechanism of modalization in conditional sentences during the evolution from Latin to Romance languages. The analysis is realized with special attention to Spanish. The modal modification of the transmitted contents is connected with two factors (mood and tense): 1. The modal value of the Subjunctive mood and 2. The temporal translocation of the Latin and Romance tenses. Some Romance languages (e.g. Spanish, Portuguese and Italian) represent mostly the first solution. Others languages (e.g. French, Occitan and Catalan) select exclusively or principally the second possibility. Nevertheless, the temporal translocation connected with the change of the modal contents is possible in all Romance languages.
La influencia del latín en la puntuación de Nebrija
La influencia del latín en la puntuación de Nebrija
(The influence of Latin in the Nebrija punctuation)
- Author(s):Aneta Pawlak
- Language:Spanish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:53-65
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:diachronic punctuation; Nebrija‘s binary system; De punctis clausularum
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the paper is to expose the influence that Latin had on the punctuation system used by Antonio de Nebrija, both in his works written in Latin and those in Spanish. First, an outline is drawn of the evolution of punctuation from Antiquity to the Middle Ages; then, the punctuation used in the three editions of Nebrija’s paragraph De punctis clausularum is compared. Finally, the main conclusions are summarized, including the need to increase and modify the binary system considered by Nebrija as a role model.
La pervivencia del estoicismo senequista en las paremias españolas
La pervivencia del estoicismo senequista en las paremias españolas
(The prevalence of Seneca's stoicism in Spanish proverbs)
- Author(s):Xavier Pascual-López
- Language:Spanish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:67-83
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:proverb; Stoicism; fortune; Lucius Anneus Seneca; Classical tradition
- Summary/Abstract:The Stoic doctrine of Seneca was assimilated in the Middle Ages and in the Renaissance by Christianity and Humanism, which made it one of the basic references of ancient culture. In addition, in the Spanish sphere it was adopted as an anachronistic reference of Hispanicness. Both factors favoured the wide diffusion of his works at the time in which the Spanish proverbs were forged. The aim of this chapter is to trace Seneca’s reception in Spanish proverbs, especially those regarding self-control, how to deal with the vicissitudes of fortune, the capacity for moral improvement, and how virtue is the key to achieving happiness.
Na krawędzi między dwiema swoimi ojczyznami… Hiszpańskie rozrachunki poety Marcjalisa
Na krawędzi między dwiema swoimi ojczyznami… Hiszpańskie rozrachunki poety Marcjalisa
(On the Brink between his two Homelands... The Spanish Reckoning of the Poet Martialis)
- Author(s):Zbigniew Danek
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:87-100
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Martialis; Spain; return; motivation
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter deals with the issue of the motivations that made Mar¬tialis, a Spanish native of Bilbilis, decide to leave the capital of the Empire after many years of fruitful residence in Rome and return to his native land. Analysing the references to the Spanish land that can be found in the epigrams of Martialis, it can be assumed that the strongest motivation for this was his memory of his home town, that is of Bilbilis, which certainly dominates over the sentiment to the Spanish land as an ethnic and geographical whole. It should be emphasized, however, that Martialis, who treated both Rome and his home town with a sufficient degree of criticism, in returning to his homeland, was guided not so much by sentiment and emotion, as by the need for inner peace, so desirable for a man who is closing his life balance.
La Península Dorada. Fuentes literarias para el estudio de los recursos auríferos de Iberia/Hispania
La Península Dorada. Fuentes literarias para el estudio de los recursos auríferos de Iberia/Hispania
(The Golden Peninsula. Literary sources for the study of the gold resources of Iberia/Hispania)
- Author(s):Jordi Pérez González
- Language:Spanish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:101-114
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Iberia; Hispania; mines; gold; literary sources
- Summary/Abstract:The first contacts of the Greeks and Phoenicians with the Iberian Peninsula revealed the importance of the resources of the Iberian populations, especially in terms of metals. For decades, this news persuaded the more adventurous to undertake a trip to the West in search of fortune. On many occasions these stories were exaggerated, overvaluing the wealth existing with in the limits of the western Ecumene, and encouraging the creation of a literary topos around the descriptions of the territory. The Roman expansion through the western Mediterranean led to a series of references to the peninsular’s wealth by several authors in the service of Rome. They detailed in general the geography, populations and wealth that one could find in these regions.In the present work, we have gathered together those literary sources linked to the descriptions of gold in the landscapes of the Iberian Peninsula. As I have commented in some of my works, the acquisition of gold by Rome occupied much of its history on the Peninsula. Gold, as a positional good, is a scarce good by nature, which cannot be created, only redistributed. Pliny commented that the amount of gold known in the ancient world was always less than that of other precious metals (Plin. Nat. 33.16). By pointing out the news referred to in the Roman world about obtaining Hispanic resources, we will indirectly address what was the perception that Rome had about Iberia / Hispania.
Pochwały przyjaciółki, czyli o rozterkach leksykalnych tłumacza Pieśni z Ripoll
Pochwały przyjaciółki, czyli o rozterkach leksykalnych tłumacza Pieśni z Ripoll
(Laudes amicae, or the Lexical Dilemmas of the Translator of the Songs of Ripoll)
- Author(s):Maria Judyta Woźniak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:115-132
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Carmina Rivipullensia; Cancionero de Ripoll; Laudes amice; medieval Latin lyrical poetry; translation
- Summary/Abstract:Carmina Rivipullensia is the only existing collection of medieval Latin lyrical love poetry deriving from Spain. It is a unique testimony to the skilful and creative use of the Latin poetic tradition on the Iberian Peninsula. The whole collection which is little-known in Poland has not yet been translated into Polish. The aim of this chapter is to present a proposed translation of one of the poems, Laudes amice, with a commentary on the literary devices applied in the translation, as well as dilemmas faced by a contemporary translator.
Półwysep Iberyjski i Półwysep Apeniński w traktacie kosmologicznym Jana ze Stobnicy (1470–1530)
Półwysep Iberyjski i Półwysep Apeniński w traktacie kosmologicznym Jana ze Stobnicy (1470–1530)
(The Iberian and Apennine Peninsula in the Astronomical Treatise of Jan of Stobnica)
- Author(s):Robert K. Zawadzki
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:133-154
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Renaissance literature; geography; Spain; Italy; Polish culture
- Summary/Abstract:In this chapter the author examines the representation of the Iberian and Apennine Peninsula in the astronomical and geographical treatise Introductio in Ptolemaei cosmographiam cum longitudinibus et latitudinibus regionum et civitatum celebriorum of Jan of Stobnica. These two countries provided fertile ground for the Cracow writer to articulate his ideas about the typology of Spain and Italy, their main cities and history. By examining these geographical descriptions, the author of the chapter shows how Jan of Stobnica constructed an image of the Iberian and Apennine Peninsula in keeping with the goals and context of his own work, while creating a vision of the Iberian Peninsula as a land of battles against Saracens, and a place from which transatlantic voyages had begun in order to discover the New World.
Pintar con palabras en el Barroco Español
Pintar con palabras en el Barroco Español
(Paint with words in Spanish Baroque)
- Author(s):Isabel Dans Álvarez de Sotomayor
- Language:Spanish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Fine Arts / Performing Arts
- Page Range:155-174
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:ekphrasis; Baroque; poetry; arts; painting
- Summary/Abstract:The object of this work is the study of a poetic procedure with greco-latin influence in the poetry of the Golden Age: the ékprahsis in the broad sense. Various examples of descriptions classified by genres from Lope de Vega, Gabriel Bocángel, Francisco de Quevedo and Francisco de Rioja are provided for this purpose. We should appreciate the relation between the arts and the richness of the ecphrasis at this time, maybe for the extension of the silva.
Bajeczno-mityczna geneza Portugalii w zwierciadle pierwszej i drugiej części Monarchia Lusitana Bernarda de Brito
Bajeczno-mityczna geneza Portugalii w zwierciadle pierwszej i drugiej części Monarchia Lusitana Bernarda de Brito
(Mythical and Legendary Genesis of Portugal in the Light of the First and Second Part of Bernardo de Brito's Monarchia Lusitana)
- Author(s):Anna Działak-Szubińska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:175-195
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Bernardo de Brito; Monarchia Lusitana; origins of Portugal; legendary history; the Iberian Union
- Summary/Abstract:Tales on the origins of Portugal are based on mythological, biblical and historical motifs. They gain a large degree of resonance in the context of the Iberian Union (1580–1640). From the rich body of works developed in that period there is one that merits closer attention: Monarchia Lusitana – the history of Portugal first taken up by the Cistercians of the Santa Maria de Alcobaça monastery. Following the analysis of the work’s structure and content and by making reference to the research of, among others, Jacek Banaszkiewicz on “de origines”, the present chapter goes over the mythical roots of Por¬tugal as reflected in the first and the second part of the Monarchia Lusitana (1597 and 1609) chronicle project started by Bernardo de Brito (1569–1617).
En defensa del territorio: las coaliciones militares antirromanas en el Pirineo occidental (siglos II–I a.C.) 199
En defensa del territorio: las coaliciones militares antirromanas en el Pirineo occidental (siglos II–I a.C.) 199
(En defensa del territorio: las coaliciones militares antirromanas en el Pirineo occidental (siglos II–I a.C.) 199)
- Author(s):Jokin Lanz
- Language:Spanish
- Subject(s):History, Diplomatic history, Military history, Ancient World
- Page Range:199-234
- No. of Pages:36
- Keywords:Aquitanians; Celtiberians; Berones; Autrigones; alliance
- Summary/Abstract:After the arrival of Rome in the western surroundings of the Pyrenees, some of the communities that inhabited the region quickly formed coalitions to defend their territory and were able to face the foreign power. For this purpose, strong mechanisms were used that were deeply rooted in the region and had proved to be capable of creating large military coalitions amongst different communities, giving them a certain military strength, and by adopting, when necessary, typically Roman military techniques. The attitude of some of these communities was clear evidence of the high degree of cohesion and ethnic consciousness that they had previously developed.
Kult cesarski na obszarze prowincji hiszpańskich – rezultat polityki imperialnej Rzymu, czy oddolnej inicjatywy mieszkańców?
Kult cesarski na obszarze prowincji hiszpańskich – rezultat polityki imperialnej Rzymu, czy oddolnej inicjatywy mieszkańców?
(Imperial Cult in Roman provinces in Spain – the Result of an Imperial Policy or the Own Initiative of Inhabitants?)
- Author(s):Damian Sideł
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Ancient World, Psychology of Religion
- Page Range:235-260
- No. of Pages:26
- Keywords:Imperial Cult; Iberian Peninsula; Roman religion; Julio- Claudian dynasty; the Flavians
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter discusses the issue of the imperial cult on the Iberian Peninsula at the beginnig of the principate. In the first part of the chapter, the stages of development of the imperial cult in the Iberian Peninsula are briefly described. Its main centre was located in Tarraco, the capital city of Hither Spain. Two other provinces – Baetica and Lusitania followed in its footsteps. In the second part, epigraphic and numismatic evidence showing the Iberians’ attitude towards em¬peror worship are analysed. The author tries to prove that the creation of emperor rituals in the whole Peninsula was dominated by the initiative of the Iberians themsleves.
On the Seviri Augustales as Agents of Romanity in Hispania
On the Seviri Augustales as Agents of Romanity in Hispania
(On the Seviri Augustales as Agents of Romanity in Hispania)
- Author(s):Alberto Barrón Ruiz de la Cuesta
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History, Cultural history, Ancient World, Theology and Religion
- Page Range:251-277
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:seviri Augustales; Romanitas; Latin Epigraphy; Hispania; Roman Spain
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter analyses the general features of the seviratus Augustalis, its territorial presence and continuity in the Roman Empire, and its influence in the spreading of the cultural and religious Roman customs in Hispania, through the study of its preserved epigraphic sources. The seviratus Augustalis was especially developed in the Western towns of the Empire, it lasted from the 1st to the 3rd century AD, and it was a semi-official institution mainly held by wealthy freedmen looking for social recognition. Despite the unresolved debate about its concrete function, the numerous preserved inscriptions in relation to the Augustality provide important information about the religious and munificent actions of its members. From the study of the existing epi¬graphic inscriptions in Hispania, we will demonstrate the role played by the seviri Augustales as promoters of Romanity, based on elements such as the worship of Roman deities, the connection of different gods with the emperor, the diffusion of Latin onomastics, the adoption of Roman magistracies and the imitation of the local Romanised elites. Consequently, this position created in Italy worked in Hispania as a diffusor of the Roman religion and the Roman social order, promoting the consolidation of the imperial regime in the provinces.
Analiza crimen ambitus w świetle hiszpańskich leges municipales/coloniarum i wcześniejszych regulacji prawnych
Analiza crimen ambitus w świetle hiszpańskich leges municipales/coloniarum i wcześniejszych regulacji prawnych
(An Analysis of Crimen Ambitus in the Light of the leges municipales / coloniarum and a Previous Legal Regulations)
- Author(s):Emilia Twarowska-Antczak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, History of Law, Ancient World
- Page Range:279-312
- No. of Pages:34
- Keywords:leges municipales/coloniarum; legal acts; leges de ambitu; official; public law; responsible officials
- Summary/Abstract:In this work, I focus on issues concerning the responsibility of city officials for crimen de ambitu in the light of Spanish leges municipales/ coloniarum and earlier legislation. In a system created by the ancient Romans, responsibility was intended to safeguard the interests of municipalities in the event of management irregularities. Therefore, the applicant for the office of duumvir or quaestor was obliged to set a cash security – cautio. One of the key problems of the Roman republic, and later the Roman municipia (also during the principate) was the corruption of voters with the aim of getting them to cast a ballot for a particular candidate. During the principate era, electoral crime was mainly committed outside Rome, which is why I analyse the legal norms contained in Spanish city laws in the context of Republican legislation.
Caudillo de España: Viriathus, Trajan, Franco
Caudillo de España: Viriathus, Trajan, Franco
(Caudillo de España: Viriathus, Trajan, Franco)
- Author(s):Oliver Baldwin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History, Ancient World
- Page Range:313-339
- No. of Pages:27
- Keywords:Viriathus; Trajan; Antiquity; caudillo
- Summary/Abstract:The dictatorship of General Franco in Spain resorted to two characters of ancient Iberian history to promote Franco’s authoritarianism: Viriathus and Trajan. In the early years of the regime, Viriathus was often called “caudillo de los españoles”. The anachronic distinction was obviously meant to mirror Franco’s own title as Caudillo de España. Trajan, on the other hand, appeared as an Iberian conqueror and excellent, military, ruler, thus serving as a predecessor to another Iberian army general in power: Franco himself. These lines analyse how Trajan and Viriathus appeared, in Francoist propaganda and education, as two complementing precedents (internal and external, local and universal) of the greatest and final Caudillo de España, Franco.
El papel de la Bahía de Mazarrón (Murcia) en los contactos comerciales mediterráneos en época romana
El papel de la Bahía de Mazarrón (Murcia) en los contactos comerciales mediterráneos en época romana
(Significance of the Bay of Mazarron (Murcia) in the Mediterranean trade contacts in Roman time)
- Author(s):Iwona Modrzewska-Pianetti
- Language:Spanish
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:343-361
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Gulf of Mazarrón; amphorae; local spatheia; imports; ancient trade
- Summary/Abstract:For many years I have dedicated myself to the study of commercial contacts between the Roman provinces, based on research on amphorae. The knowledge of the production of the amphorae of Baetica and the deposits of the amphorae of Galia Cisalpina made it possible to draw conclusions about commercial contacts between these provinces. The aim of my new study of amphorae from Mazarrón Bay (Murcia), funded by the NCN – National Science Centre in Poland, arose from my previous research. Thanks to the collaboration of the University of Murcia, the Archaeological Museum of Murcia and the Municipal Archaeological Museum of the “Factoría Romana de Salazones” of Mazarrón, I was able to document the hitherto unpublished amphorae of the Mazarrón coast. During the process of documenting 574 amphorae, excavated in the dredging works in Puerto de Mazarrón, in the stores of the Museum of Murcia and the Museum of Mazarrón, I registered 169 containers coming from the production of the south coast of the region of Murcia. The typological and chronological elaboration, as well as the comparison with the finds of amphorae in the interior of the Mazarrón area, allow conclusions to be drawn about the local production and imports of containers from other regions of the Iberian Peninsula and from other Mediterranean areas. The study, based on pieces of material culture, allows the reconstruction of the role of Mazarrón Bay in the ancient trade of the peninsular southeast and other Mediterranean areas.
Not only Monte Testaccio: Reflections about the Presence of Baetican Olive Oil Amphorae in Rome (and Ostia) during the Middle Imperial Age (2nd–early 3rd Centuries AD) Emerging from the Findings at the ‘Terme di Elagabalo’ in Rome
Not only Monte Testaccio: Reflections about the Presence of Baetican Olive Oil Amphorae in Rome (and Ostia) during the Middle Imperial Age (2nd–early 3rd Centuries AD) Emerging from the Findings at the ‘Terme di Elagabalo’ in Rome
(Not only Monte Testaccio: Reflections about the Presence of Baetican Olive Oil Amphorae in Rome (and Ostia) during the Middle Imperial Age (2nd–early 3rd Centuries AD) Emerging from the Findings at the ‘Terme di Elagabalo’ in Rome)
- Author(s):Edoardo Radaelli
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:363-381
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:amphorae; Hispania Baetica; olive oil; commerce; supply
- Summary/Abstract:The quantities of Baetican amphorae Dressel 20 found in the Middle Imperial contexts (2nd–early 3rd centuries AD) discovered during the excavations in the so-called ‘Terme di Elagabalo’ in Rome are added to those discovered in other excavations carried out in Rome (outside Monte Testaccio) and Ostia in order to ponder over their presence in the two cities during this chronological period. Ancient sources and studies are also analysed so as to better understand this commodity, leading to a reflection upon the supply system to the Capital and the strategies of Emperors to improve it.
Świątynie kultu cesarskiego w stolicach prowincjonalnych w Hispanii (Tarraco, Emerita Augusta, Corduba) – status quaestionis
Świątynie kultu cesarskiego w stolicach prowincjonalnych w Hispanii (Tarraco, Emerita Augusta, Corduba) – status quaestionis
(Temples of the Imperial Cult in Provincial Capitals in Hispania (Tarraco, Emerita Augusta, Corduba) - status quaestionis)
- Author(s):Anna Zimnowodzka
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World
- Page Range:383-403
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:imperial cult; temple; Tarraco; Emerita Augusta; Colonia Patricia Corduba
- Summary/Abstract:The beginnings of the imperial cult in Hispania are connected with the reign of Augustus. According to Quintilian, an altar dedicated to him was erected in Tarraco (Hispania Citerior) when the emperor was still alive. After the death of the Emperor, on the 17th September AD 14 when he was deified and given the title of Divus Augustus, the inhabitants of Tarraco decided to dedicate a temple to him. Less than a year later, they asked Tiberius for permission to build it. The image of the temple on the coins of Tiberius, as well as the archaeological remains, excavated at the highest point of the city (on the site of the present cathedral), testify to the fact that the plan was realised. Shortly afterwards, the imperial cult spread to other provinces of Hispania (Ulterior Baetica, Ulterior Lusitania), and temples dedicated to the emperor decorated city forums in other cities, especially the provincial capitals. The example of Tarraco was followed by Emerita Augusta, where the so-called Temple of Diana was erected in the city forum and the Temple of Augustus in the provincial forum. As recent archaeological research shows, in Colonia Patricia Corduba, in the 1st half of the 1st century, a temple in honour of the emperor was also built in the provincial forum, and in the 50s of the 1st century – another one in the city forum.