Zrozumieć niepełnosprawność. Problemy, badania, refleksje
Understanding Disability. Issues, Research, Reflections
Contributor(s): Grzegorz Całek (Editor), Jakub Niedbalski (Editor), Mariola Racław (Editor), Dorota Żuchowska-Skiba (Editor)
Subject(s): Social Sciences, Social differentiation, Health and medicine and law, Environmental interactions
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Keywords: disability; help; needs; suport; understanding
Summary/Abstract: The book presents disability as an interdisciplinary issue of interest to representatives of numerous scientific disciplines. It includes chapters on systemic solutions and policies in disability, the role and significance of institutions in the disability support system, society and communities towards disability and people with disabilities, the interactional dimension of disability, and disability as a personal experience. Apart from its scientific dimension, the publication also has a significant social value through its practical and applied nature. Hence, the proposed book is intended for representatives of the academic environment, first of all for sociologists and pedagogues interested in the issues of disability, as well as to practitioners involved in the provision of aid and support to this group of social welfare clients and to all those, who have any contacts with the disabled in the everyday lives, especially to relatives and family members of such individuals.
Series: Uniwersytet Łódzki
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-8220-475-9
- Page Count: 322
- Publication Year: 2021
- Language: Polish
Wstęp
Wstęp
(Introduction)
- Author(s):Grzegorz Całek, Jakub Niedbalski, Mariola Racław, Dorota Żuchowska-Skiba
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Sociology, Health and medicine and law, Environmental interactions
- Page Range:7-12
- No. of Pages:6
(Z)rozumieć autyzm. Doświadczanie autyzmu przez blogujących self-adwokatów
(Z)rozumieć autyzm. Doświadczanie autyzmu przez blogujących self-adwokatów
(Understanding autism. Experiencing autism by blogging self-advocates)
- Author(s):Dorota Pufund
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Communication studies, Sociology
- Page Range:15-28
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:autistic spectrum disorder; blog; experience; autobiographical learning
- Summary/Abstract:The text presents a reconstruction of the experience of autism by blogging self-advocates. The starting point is the concept of autobiographical self-learning. The study included a qualitative analysis of the content of open blogs on the Internet, whose authors are people who declare themselves to be autistic. The analysis was conducted on the basis of the grounded theory. MAXQDA software was used.
Choroba Stargardta funkcjonalnie – o sposobach radzenia sobie z niepełnosprawnością wzroku w stopniu znacznym
Choroba Stargardta funkcjonalnie – o sposobach radzenia sobie z niepełnosprawnością wzroku w stopniu znacznym
(Stargardt’s disease functionally – about the ways of coping with severe visual impairment)
- Author(s):Magdalena Kokot
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Sociology, Personality Psychology, Family and social welfare
- Page Range:29-48
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Stargardt’s disease; visual impairment; partially sighted; legaly blind; assistive technologies; adaptation of printed material
- Summary/Abstract:Visual disability affects about 2 million Poles. This group includes people who have been diagnosed with Stargardt’s disease. This disease occurs in the general population with a frequency of one in 10,000. It leads to legal blindness with visual acuity lower than 5%. Visual disturbances in this disease may occur in children, i.e. 7–12 years of age, as well as in adolescents and adults. People suffering from this disease experience a significant reduction in visual acuity, difficulty in recognizing colors, impaired depth vision, difficulties with accommodation, impaired central vision and often severe photophobia. The aim of the research was to collect information about the assistive technologies used by people with Stargardt’s disease and to identify their ability to move independently despite a significant reduction in visual acuity. The research results show that most of the 102 surveyed people use various types of assistive technology and experience significant visual impairment. At the same time, a significant part of this group declares that despite the inability to read the black print text, they can still move quite freely.
Autorstwo własnego życia studenta z niepełnosprawnością a doświadczenia edukacyjne i społeczne
Autorstwo własnego życia studenta z niepełnosprawnością a doświadczenia edukacyjne i społeczne
(Authorship of the own’s life of student with disability: educational and social experiences)
- Author(s):Magda Lejzerowicz, Katarzyna Podstawka
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Sociology, Social psychology and group interaction, Psychology of Self
- Page Range:49-72
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:Inclusion; participatory research in action; autoethnography; subjectivity; authorships of own’s life; student with disability
- Summary/Abstract:Introduction. Being an author/subject by person with disability is a complex process. In analyzes interdisciplinary research of pedagogical, sociological, psychological and philosophical perspectives were used. Aim. The aim of the research in action is to stimulate the critical reflection of participants on the co-creation of scientific reality, their own practice, and raising research and professional competences. The next aim is to demonstrate the importance of educational and social activity in the process of becoming the subject/author of the own’s life of student with disability. Materials and methods. The research used the methodology of participatory research in action (Denzin, Linkoln 2009, Glaser, Strauss 2009, Charmaz 2009, Reason, Torbert 2010, Cervinkova, Gołębniak 2010, Czerepaniak-Walczak 2014) and the autoetnographic method was used (Geertz 2005, Wolcott 2008, Chang 2007, Freeman 2004, Anderson 2014). Results. The analysis of the experiences of a student with disability in the academic environment indicates significant deficiencies in supporting the areas of authorship: subjective experiences, well-being, independence, implementation of development tasks, social contacts. Conclusions. Autoethnographic-enhanced action research is a useful tool in the process of improving research and professional competences of both students and academic teachers. The participation of students with diversed needs in academic education may enable an increase in the level of inclusion in the academic community and affect the quality of education for all.
Niepełnosprawność w historii sztuki oraz anty-ableizm sztuki współczesnej
Niepełnosprawność w historii sztuki oraz anty-ableizm sztuki współczesnej
(Disability in the history of art and anti-ableism of contemporary art)
- Author(s):Joanna Stawowy
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Sociology of Art, History of Art
- Page Range:75-89
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:art; disability, art history; contemporary art; disability in art
- Summary/Abstract:The subject of illness and disability has been explored by artists for a long time. Depending on the era, it was presented in different ways. Twentieth-century social movements, interested in emancipating otherness, shed new light on the perception of the human body and its causative capabilities. Currently, the artist is more a commentator of reality than its passive observer and disability is one of the most important subjects of art. The exclusion, which used to involve disabled people, seems to be passing nowadays, however the problem of ableism still exists. Contemporary artists refer to it in their works trying to face harmful stereotypes. The purpose of this article is to look at disability through the eyes of artists, to find its representations in works of art and to trace how the perception of the disabled body has changed, based on the aesthetics and canon of a given age – from the perfect body of antique to the social involvement of contemporary art.
Bioróżnorodność i różne modele niepełnosprawności w kontekście filozofii Michela Foucaulta
Bioróżnorodność i różne modele niepełnosprawności w kontekście filozofii Michela Foucaulta
(Biodiversity and different models of disability in the context of Michel Foucault’s power concept)
- Author(s):Milena Trojanowska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Philosophy, Social Philosophy, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:91-107
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:disability; power; Michel Foucault; body; biodiversity
- Summary/Abstract:Disability is a phenomenon considered from different perspectives. I suggest tracking the history of the perception of disability with an indication of the dominant ways of perceiving this phenomenon at a given period of time. The analysis is conducted with particular emphasis on the attitude developed by Michel Foucault. The knowledge presented by Foucault regarding authority, body, disability and change is treated as a framework to which the emerging models of disability, in particular the medical, functional and social, is written in turn. This review and analysis is intended to lead to a place where the view on the biodiversity as an opportunity to escape from the management, power over disabled bodies. As a result of this work, the final section of the text presents an analysis of the theoretical situation of the lack of power of other members of society over people with disabilities.
Wychowawcza rola aktywności fizycznej – analiza procesu socjalizacji osób z niepełnosprawnością w sporcie i przez sport
Wychowawcza rola aktywności fizycznej – analiza procesu socjalizacji osób z niepełnosprawnością w sporcie i przez sport
(Educational role of physical activity – analysis of socialization process of persons with disabilities in and through sport)
- Author(s):Jakub Niedbalski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Education, Sociology, Health and medicine and law, Sports Studies
- Page Range:111-130
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:disability; physical activity; sport; socialization
- Summary/Abstract:Purpose of the conducted research was to analyze a processual dimension of transformations of a disabled person’s life, which take place under influence of experiences related to sport practicing. In the article I try to prove similarity of the sport structure with the educational system structure, where apart of the strictly educational functions, there are also socialization processes taking place, diverse in terms of measures and results. A basis for realization of the purpose mentioned above were personal experiences of the researched individuals. Hence, the research exploits qualitative data, collected during participant observations and in-depth free interviews, conducted among the disabled practicing sports. Analysis and interpretation of the research material was performed in accordance with procedures of the grounded theory. The article has been prepared as a consequence of research carried out between 2012 and 2015, among a society of the disabled, who practice professional sports. The studies refer to characteristics of the sport career path of persons with disabilities, which regarding its specificity, has strong roots in institutionalized practices related to inclusion, continuance and maintenance of the main action, i.e. sport practicing.
Resocjalizacja skazanych z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu lekkim z perspektywy dozoru kuratorskiego
Resocjalizacja skazanych z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu lekkim z perspektywy dozoru kuratorskiego
(Social rehabilitation of offenders with mild intellectual disability form perspective of probation officers)
- Author(s):Karolina Goede
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Sociology, Penology, Environmental interactions
- Page Range:131-153
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:intellectual disability; social rehabilitation; probation service; community supervision; probation
- Summary/Abstract:In Poland, the function of social rehabilitation for convicts with intellectual disabilities is implemented by both: the penitentiary and probation system. In prisons there are therapeutic departments adapted to the needs of prisoners’ disabilities. In community supervision, methodology of working with offenders with intellectual disabilities is not regulated by any procedures. This paper presents results of a research focused on the probation service supervision of offenders with mild intellectual disabilities. Difficulties in implementing social rehabilitation tasks, methodology of probation officers’ work, as well as legislative proposals that may improve the probation system in Poland for offenders with mild intellectual disabilities are indicated. The study is based on qualitative methods using the focus panel method. The research group are probation officers for adults from the District Court for Bydgoszcz. The data is analyzed using legal provisions regulating probation service, as well as selected theories and concepts of special education and social rehabilitations of convicts.
Wcielić się nie znaczy zrozumieć. Krytyczna refleksja o symulacjach niepełnosprawności
Wcielić się nie znaczy zrozumieć. Krytyczna refleksja o symulacjach niepełnosprawności
(Simulated awareness. Some critical thoughts on disability simulations)
- Author(s):Kamila Albin
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Behaviorism, Health and medicine and law, Environmental interactions
- Page Range:155-169
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Autoethnography; disability simulations; social model; disability; disability awareness
- Summary/Abstract:This paper gives critical consideration to the so-called disability simulations, a widespread practice during disability awareness trainings, conducted in different age groups: for students of primary schools, high schools, administrative staff, cultural institutions, etc. It is commonly believed that „embodiment” into a person with disabilities can have a positive impact on attitudes towards people with disabilities. On the other hand, some activists and researchers claim that such disability simulations can reinforce prejudices and negative stereotypes, portraying disability as an individual experience and personal tragedy. This stands against the notion of the social model of disability. Using an autoethnographic perspective, the author, basing herself, among other things, on her own experience as a trainer, analyses the practice of disability simulations trainings. The aim of the analysis is not only to take a critical look at what is becoming a common method of teaching about disability, but also to look for alternatives that promote social understanding of disability.
Wsparcie studentów z zaburzeniami psychicznymi wyzwaniem dla uczelni wyższych
Wsparcie studentów z zaburzeniami psychicznymi wyzwaniem dla uczelni wyższych
(Support for students with mental disorders a challenge for universities)
- Author(s):Anna Dobrychłop
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Sociology, Higher Education , Organizational Psychology, Environmental interactions
- Page Range:173-201
- No. of Pages:29
- Keywords:mental disorders; stigma; attitude; social exclusion
- Summary/Abstract:The situation of people with mental disorders is more difficult and more complex than the situation of people with other types of disability. Perceiving them, through the prism of negative stereotypes functioning in society describing the disease, as well as the mentally ill person itself, causes many, often irreversible consequences. Support for students with mental disorders but also those experiencing mental health crises is an important challenge faced by universities in Poland today. On the one hand, each university is required to adapt the form of education to the needs and capabilities of students with disabilities, on the other hand, the lack of specific procedures defining the type, form and principles of providing support in relation to the mentally ill, often does not allow for taking appropriate actions. This reality is not facilitated by the existence of many harmful stereotypes, and as a result social isolation from the mental ill.
Opieka nad dzieckiem z chorobą rzadką i niepełnosprawnością intelektualną a wsparcie rodziny
Opieka nad dzieckiem z chorobą rzadką i niepełnosprawnością intelektualną a wsparcie rodziny
(Care for a child with rare disease and intellectual disability and family support)
- Author(s):Agnieszka Kamyk-Wawryszuk
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Educational Psychology, Family and social welfare, Pedagogy
- Page Range:203-221
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:family of a child with a rare disease; support; family quality of life
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of conducted research is to analyse support which was given by the family undertaken on children with rare disease and mental disability. The research is based on quantity analysis in comparison with diagnostic survey method. 40 parents were involved in the research. The main research question of this paper is: do the parents of children with rare disease and intellectual disability receive a practical and emotional support under taking care of son/daughter from the relatives? Basing on conducted research it might be indicated, that almost half of parents have obligations related to everyday responsibilities. As well, half of parents declared that they have as much of responsibilities connected with taking care with their child as they can manage to do. Additionally respondents marked, that all of the members of the family (wife, husband, brothers and sisters of disable child) are taking everyday responsibilities. Most of parents indicated that they received both practical and emotional support from their family members on limited level.
Potrzeby osób z niepełnosprawnością a budżet obywatelski. Wyniki ankiety opinii wśród społeczności warszawskiego Muranowa
Potrzeby osób z niepełnosprawnością a budżet obywatelski. Wyniki ankiety opinii wśród społeczności warszawskiego Muranowa
(Needs of people with disability and the participatory budget. Results of an opinion survey among Warsaw Muranów community)
- Author(s):Adrianna Krzywik, Iwona Nowakowska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Health and medicine and law, Sociology of Culture
- Page Range:223-241
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:agency; communion; disability; participatory budget; urban space
- Summary/Abstract:The participatory budget in Warsaw is a form of citizen involvement in city planning. The projects submitted in the budget concern, among other things, the physical transformation of space, organizing events integrating the community, and educational programs. Each of the above categories may determine the inclusion of people with disabilities in society. Social inclusion in the perspective of city change is an interesting and still rarely researched phenomenon. This article is an analysis of the content of projects for people with disabilities submitted and implemented under the participatory budget in Warsaw in the years 2015–2020. On the basis of the collected material, a quantitative study was conducted and the results were used to formulate conclusions on how urban space is used and transformed through grassroots initiatives for people with disabilities. We present the scientific implications of the abovementioned analysis in the contexts of city sociology and environmental and rehabilitation psychology.
Założenia koncepcji niezależnego życia osób z niepełnosprawnością w Europejskiej Sieci na rzecz Niezależnego Życia
Założenia koncepcji niezależnego życia osób z niepełnosprawnością w Europejskiej Sieci na rzecz Niezależnego Życia
(Assumptions for the concept of independent living of people with disabilities in the European Network on Independent Living)
- Author(s):Angelika Greniuk
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Health and medicine and law, Sociology of Culture
- Page Range:243-257
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Independent Living Movement; European Network on Independent Living; disability, social disability model; independence; self-reliance; personal assistant services; deinstitutionalisation
- Summary/Abstract:The Independent Living Movement is a global social movement whose idea and philosophy were defined in the United States in the 1970s. There were grassroots initiatives of people with disabilities in Europe, referring to independent living, but there was no connection between them. It was only later that activists with disabilities, coming back to the roots of the independent living movement, have contributed to innovative changes that have responded to the needs of people with disabilities in their countries. Over 30 years ago, these same activists created the European Network on Independent Living (ENIL), which is part of the Independent Living Movement. The article presents the source and emergence of the Independent Living Movement in the United States, the adaptation of the movement in Europe, the creation of the ENIL Network, and the philosophy of independent living with its most important elements.
Między niepełnosprawnością a przekładem. Osoby niepełnosprawne jako twórcy i odbiorcy przekładu
Między niepełnosprawnością a przekładem. Osoby niepełnosprawne jako twórcy i odbiorcy przekładu
(Between disability and translation. Persons with disabilities as creators and recipients of translations)
- Author(s):Wojciech Figiel
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Communication studies, Health and medicine and law, Environmental interactions, Translation Studies
- Page Range:259-270
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:translation studies; disability; sociology of translation; translators; accessibility
- Summary/Abstract:This paper deals with the relations between the phenomena of disability and translation studies. Translation studies and disability studies are relatively new fields, which up until recently had little in common. However, for more than a dozen years now, scholars of translation have focused on research concerning access services for people with disabilities. These services include, among others, audio description, sign language interpretation and subtitles for the deaf and the hard of hearing. However, there is not too much research concerning people with disabilities as creators, and not recipients, of translation. There is also a lack of translation scholars with disabilities. The interdisciplinary perspective of sociology of translation and disability studies may help to bridge this gap by providing a more inclusive approach to studies on translation.
Ulgi dla osób z niepełnosprawnością w polskich atrakcjach turystycznych
Ulgi dla osób z niepełnosprawnością w polskich atrakcjach turystycznych
(Discounts for people with disabilities in Polish tourist attractions)
- Author(s):Grzegorz Całek
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Public Administration, Health and medicine and law, Sociology of Politics
- Page Range:271-290
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:disability; disabled person; tourist attractions; museum, national park
- Summary/Abstract:The Constitution of the Republic of Poland guarantees people with disabilities unrestricted access to cultural sites. In order to facilitate the exercise of this right, the Act on museums provides for a discount on admission tickets to state museum for people with disabilities and their guardians, while the Nature Protection Act specifies that people with disabilities have the right to a 50% discount on entrance tickets to national parks. The article analyses the system of discounts in most visited Polish tourist attractions in 2018 (with at least 200,000 visitors) in order to verify: 1) whether they are implemented in accordance with the law in national parks and state museums, 2) whether any discounts are provided for people with disabilities and/or their guardians in other types of facilities, 3) what the amount of the discount is. The analysis is followed by conclusions with conclusions and remarks regarding the law as it should stand.
Polityka wobec niepełnosprawności w Polsce w perspektywie okrutnego optymizmu. Rzecz o niespełnianych obietnicach
Polityka wobec niepełnosprawności w Polsce w perspektywie okrutnego optymizmu. Rzecz o niespełnianych obietnicach
(The Polish policy on disability in the perspective of cruel optimism. About the promises that have not been being fulfilled)
- Author(s):Zbigniew Głąb, Magdalena Kocejko
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Politics, Government/Political systems, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:291-314
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:cruel optimism; disability policy; persons with disabilities; education; labour market
- Summary/Abstract:The article presents the application of a theoretical approach which is cruel optimism to analyze the situation of people with disabilities in education and the labor market in Poland. Cruel optimism is understood as a set of unfulfilled promises offered and valued by contemporary consumer society. These promises are an indicator of status, and their very existence is associated with social pressure to strive to achieve them at all costs – also at the price of the degradation of the individual. The proposed analysis examines promises made to persons with disabilities as part of various practices and solutions in the fields of vocational education and employment-related activities, as well as indicates the reasons for their failure. Possibilities of avoiding (or reducing) the effect of cruel optimism in shaping disability policy have also been indicated. The summary contains research postulates and recommendations related to the use of cruel optimism approach in the evaluation of programs addressed to people with disabilities.