Válság, változás, perspektívák / Crize, Schimbări şi Perspective
Crisis, Changes, Perspectives
Contributor(s): Judit Pál (Editor), Judit Pieldner (Editor), Zsuzsa Tapodi (Editor)
Subject(s): Studies of Literature
Published by: Scientia Kiadó
Keywords: crisis; changes; perspectives
Summary/Abstract: Crisis is a permanent component of our ever-changing world. However, recent events and large-scale changes have reinforced the universal sense of crisis. Responding to the broad topicality of the problem, but within the narrow framework of the humanities, this volume of studies aims to provide a forum for those themes and questions that reflect on the phenomena of crisis and change experienced at the community level, and on the possibilities of ideas, models and strategies that are put into perspective in the context of crisis.
Series: Műhely
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-606-975-057-5
- Page Count: 214
- Publication Year: 2021
- Language: Romanian, Hungarian
TOPOSUL CARANTINEI ÎN ROMANUL TRADUS ÎN ROMÂNIA ÎN ANII ‘90 AI SECOLULUI TRECUT
TOPOSUL CARANTINEI ÎN ROMANUL TRADUS ÎN ROMÂNIA ÎN ANII ‘90 AI SECOLULUI TRECUT
(THE TOPOS OF THE QUARANTINE IN NOVELS TRANSLATED IN ROMANIA IN THE ‘90S OF THE PAST CENTURY)
- Author(s):Judit Pál
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Studies of Literature
- Page Range:15-28
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:quarantine; literary topos; representation; translation; novel;
- Summary/Abstract:If the 20th century world literature is almost obsessively inspired by the phenomenon of disease and epidemic, in general, the discourse of the Romanian translation of novels in the ‘90s seems to be “contaminated” by the representation of quarantine, in particular. This peculiar fascination Romanian translators and readers hold for the idea of “quarantine” represents the focus of our study. Based on the information provided in different bibliographies, library catalogues, and other databases, we aim to review – in chronological order and with historical-literary implications – those novels translated into Romanian which thematize in their title the literary topos of quarantine. On the one hand, the recurrence of this motif gives us the opportunity to point out the various forms and functions it has within the listed novels and in literature. On the other hand, the up-to-date nature of this issue also allows us to configure an overview of the dynamics of the reading public’s literary taste, as well as of the circulation and reception of foreign novels in Romanian culture.
ERNST JÜNGER ŞI DIARISTICA TRAUMELOR ISTORICE ÎN CONTEXTUL PANDEMIC AL PREDĂRII LIMBILOR STRĂINE
ERNST JÜNGER ŞI DIARISTICA TRAUMELOR ISTORICE ÎN CONTEXTUL PANDEMIC AL PREDĂRII LIMBILOR STRĂINE
(ERNST JÜNGER’S WAR JOURNALS AS INSTANCES OF HISTORICAL TRAUMAS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CURRENT PANDEMIC AND LANGUAGE TEACHING ONLINE)
- Author(s):Ana Magdalena Petraru
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:29-36
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:war diaries; ESP teaching; vaccination;
- Summary/Abstract:A prominent figure of the twentieth century, Ernst Jünger deserves to be brought back to attention in teaching (in our case, specialized English) due to the learned, scholarly way of managing extreme, catastrophic war situations, work and writing therapy, speaking in terms of consumer society. The perspective on vaccination, which remained as controversial today in the age of fake news, should also be considered. We extract the material from the work Pagini din Kirchhorst. Coliba din vie: Ani de ocupaţie (Polirom, 2004) and the English version, A German Officer in Occupied Paris, The War Journals, 1941–1945 (2019); the method is the communicative one (CLT) as we aim to bring an (inter)cultural note to the interactive language seminar.
COPILUL ŞI HOLOCAUSTUL ÎN BANDA DESENATĂ FRANCOFONĂ CONTEMPORANĂ
COPILUL ŞI HOLOCAUSTUL ÎN BANDA DESENATĂ FRANCOFONĂ CONTEMPORANĂ
(THE CHILD AND THE HOLOCAUST IN THE CONTEMPORARY FRANCOPHONE COMICS)
- Author(s):Emanuela Muntean
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):French Literature
- Page Range:37-48
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Holocaust; francophone comics; children’s literature;
- Summary/Abstract:One of the foremost challenges of writing children’s literature is dealing with trauma such as wars, crimes, and violence. The article aims to highlight how comic books’ authors manage to fulfill the responsibility of memory towards young readers, to convey the memory of the Holocaust in an adapted way. In this way, we propose three French comic books for analysis – The Hidden Child by Marc Lizano, Loïc Dauvillier, and Greg Salsedo; The Wild Flight by Laurent Galandon, Arno Monin, and Hamo; Irena by Marc Lizano, Loïc Dauvillier, and Greg Salsedo. Focusing on the image of the child captured in these works, we will take in consideration how fiction presents the Holocaust experience and how it affects the characters’ development. We will also observe that, as a reader, the child is protected: the authors are concerned with its sensitivity and immaturity. They use adapted techniques designed to facilitate the meeting between the child and history.
A HÁBORÚ VÁLSÁGA NÉMET NEMZETISÉGI FORRÁSOKBAN ÉS FELDOLGOZÁSOKBAN
A HÁBORÚ VÁLSÁGA NÉMET NEMZETISÉGI FORRÁSOKBAN ÉS FELDOLGOZÁSOKBAN
(THE CRISIS OF WAR IN SOURCES AND NARRATIVES OF THE GERMAN ETHNIC GROUP IN HUNGARY)
- Author(s):Melinda Marinka
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:49-64
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:deportation; memory; the German ethnic group in Hungary;
- Summary/Abstract:One of the most shocking events of the Germans in Hungary in the 20th century was the deportation to forced labour, which created multiple crisis situations in the lives of many individuals and small communities. The population of German origin in the northeastern region of Hungary was also involved in this trauma. As a result of the events experienced, the shapes of memory and oblivion developed simultaneously. In the last 75 years, many forms of memory, adaptations, and interpretations have been created to help process trauma; therefore, we can see artistic creations in literature, visual and fine arts, but many works can also be included from a scientific point of view. In my presentation, after a brief survey of different kinds of adaptation, I will analyse the topic through a novel and other ethnographic sources. In the case of the former, Tibor Papp, in his book entitled The War Mosaic of a Little Boy [Egy kisfiú háborús mozaikja], provides an insight into the events of the history of Vállaj, one of the three Swabian settlements in Satu Mare, Hungary. This novel of a sociographic nature, like an autobiography – or a partial presentation of a life-history interview – on the one hand, helps the reader get to know the individual and the community; on the other hand, it gives the researcher the opportunity for ethnographic interpretation. Through the narratives provided by the novel, the crises of war and the cultural responses can also be examined from an ethnographic approach. In my paper, having presented Tibor Papp’s oeuvre, I will highlight Vállaj’s ethnogeographical peculiarities and its German national culture through the literary creations and my own ethnographic research. In the case of the former, it is essential how the author depicts the settlement and its population; how a crisis appears in the light of the relationship between an individual and a community. As for the German nationality, I describe some cultural phenomena and the cultural and social impacts of deportation to war and forced labour.
„AKI DUDÁS AKAR LENNI...” – HÁBORÚS (TEST)BESZÉD DANYI ZOLTÁN A DÖGELTAKARÍTÓ CÍMŰ REGÉNYÉBEN
„AKI DUDÁS AKAR LENNI...” – HÁBORÚS (TEST)BESZÉD DANYI ZOLTÁN A DÖGELTAKARÍTÓ CÍMŰ REGÉNYÉBEN
(“HE WHO WANTS TO BE A PIPER…” – BODY LANGUAGE OF THE WAR IN THE NOVEL OF ZOLTÁN DANYI THE CARCASS REMOVER)
- Author(s):Krisztina Busa
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Hungarian Literature
- Page Range:66-80
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Yugoslav Wars; war as crisis; language tools; talking in monologue; physical reactions;
- Summary/Abstract:Based on the novel by Zoltán Danyi published in 2015, the study focuses on the experience of the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s as a crisis experience. The novel’s protagonist is an anonymous former Hungarian soldier from Vojvodina who, 10–15 years after the events, recalls the war and his post-war years in a stream of consciousness. The protagonist’s unconcealed, tormenting physical reactions are depicted in unusual detail in the novel, which also uses raw, vulgar, and explicit language. The first part of the analysis shows, through selected scenes, a number of divisive mechanisms at social and individual levels that give rise to radicalization. In the second part, it asks about the possibilities of a way forward for the physically and mentally burdened protagonist.
A HÁBORÚ ÉS A MÁGIKUS REALISTA ÍRÁSMÓD VISZONYA DARVASI LÁSZLÓ SZEREZNI EGY NŐT CÍMŰ NOVELLÁSKÖTETÉBEN
A HÁBORÚ ÉS A MÁGIKUS REALISTA ÍRÁSMÓD VISZONYA DARVASI LÁSZLÓ SZEREZNI EGY NŐT CÍMŰ NOVELLÁSKÖTETÉBEN
(THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE WAR AND THE MAGIC REALIST MODE OF WRITING IN LÁSZLÓ DARVASI’S VOLUME OF SHORT STORIES GETTING HOLD OF A WOMAN)
- Author(s):RÓBERT FANCSALI
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Hungarian Literature
- Page Range:81-91
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:László Darvasi; Getting Hold of a Woman; magical realism; wartime situation;
- Summary/Abstract:A part of László Darvasi’s prose, but mainly the novel entitled A könnymutatványosok legendája (The Legend of the Artists of Cry), is usually interpreted as magical realism. In this paper, I will prove that a volume of short stories published in 2000, so right after the mentioned book, can also be read as magical realism; however, short stories are barely taken in consideration when speaking about this genre (or writing method, as Tamás Bényei and I understand it). This volume entitled Szerezni egy nőt (Getting Hold of a Woman) presents weird love (or erotic) stories having the Yugoslav War in the background. I believe that the typical magical realist narrator’s attributes are perfectly appropriate to handle such a difficult situation when you have to speak about love (or erotic human relations at least) and war at the same time but still keep the stories somehow easy-going.
CROCODILA ŞI CUTIA DE CIOCOLATĂ. CRIZELE IDENTITĂŢII INDIVIDUALE ŞI COLECTIVE ÎN ROMANUL CA ŞI CUM NIMIC NU S-AR FI ÎNTÂMPLAT DE ALINA NELEGA
CROCODILA ŞI CUTIA DE CIOCOLATĂ. CRIZELE IDENTITĂŢII INDIVIDUALE ŞI COLECTIVE ÎN ROMANUL CA ŞI CUM NIMIC NU S-AR FI ÎNTÂMPLAT DE ALINA NELEGA
(THE FEMALE CROCODILE AND THE CHOCOLATE BOX. INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE IDENTITIES IN CRISIS IN ALINA NELEGA’S NOVEL AS IF NOTHING HAD HAPPENED)
- Author(s):Orsolya András
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Romanian Literature
- Page Range:93-108
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:post-communist literature; intersectional feminism; identity crises; national and sexual minorities; multiculturality in Transylvania;
- Summary/Abstract:In Alina Nelega’s novel ca şi cum nimic nu s-ar fi întâmplat [as if nothing had happened], the action takes place in the last decade of the communist dictatorship in Romania. It can be read as an intersectional feminist novel since it presents the institutional oppression from the perspective of sexual and national minorities and marginalized communities, offering a voice to silenced stories and processing an era defined by conflicts and historical changes. This paper discusses the crises experienced and witnessed by the characters both on a personal and a collective level. These crises surge in the first place when the main characters, two lesbian women, struggle to affirm their individual identity. They must face a deep internal conflict because of sexism and (internalized) homophobia, seeking different survival strategies. The whole community is defined by a culture of silence and violence, which provokes cracks in the family models and in the smaller communities. The state’s authority forces uniformization in the name of equality, wherefore multiculturality in Transylvania becomes a mere appearance, hiding the crises in the communication between different groups and the lack of knowledge about other cultures. The state itself faces a crisis, culminating in the 1989 revolution mentioned at the end of the novel – leaving the reader with the doubt if this event, seen as a major historical turning point, has really transgressed the crises, or they are still present in our community. Alina Nelega’s novel creates a subversive discourse, rethinking gender roles and family models, and deconstructing various stereotypes that still influence our personal and public communication.
EGYÉNI ÉS KOLLEKTÍV TRAUMÁK TOMPA ANDREA REGÉNYEIBEN
EGYÉNI ÉS KOLLEKTÍV TRAUMÁK TOMPA ANDREA REGÉNYEIBEN
(PERSONAL AND COLLECTIVE TRAUMAS IN ANDREA TOMPA’S NOVELS)
- Author(s):Zsuzsa Tapodi
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Hungarian Literature
- Page Range:109-121
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:personal and collective traumas; narrative voice; minority existence; dictatorship;
- Summary/Abstract:The novels of Andrea Tompa, a writer born in Cluj-Napoca, depict the turning events of the recent past in Transylvania. The story of the autobiographical novel A hóhér háza. Történetek az aranykorból [The Hangman’s House. Stories from the Golden Age] (2010) presents the last stage of the communist dictatorship. The novel Fejtől s lábtól. Kettő orvos Erdélyben [Head to Feet. Two Doctors in Transylvania] (2013) describes the first decades of the 20th century, and Omerta. Hallgatások könyve [Omerta. The Book of Silences] (2017) depicts the atmosphere of the fifties. The last work, entitled Haza [Home] (2020), is focused on migration processes presented with the help of various narrators. This essay examines the personal and collective traumas depicted in the works, the system of how the heroes were reduced to silence, and their attempts to escape.
HERCZEG FERENC NYELVI ÉLETÚTJA
HERCZEG FERENC NYELVI ÉLETÚTJA
(FERENC HERCZEG’S LANGUAGE CAREER)
- Author(s):Laura Sájter
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Hungarian Literature
- Page Range:125-141
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:language programme; adaptation; bilingualism; social-cultural and linguistic assimilation;
- Summary/Abstract:The unique life of Ferenc Herczeg, who was a forbidden author between 1945 and 1980, can be summed up in a nutshell as follows: how the German-speaking boy from the Banat Swabian region becomes the Hungarian playwright who put Hungarian drama on the path to European success, a committed writer of national endeavours, and the creator of a successful Hungarian prose and dramatic oeuvre. The subject of the research is to explain where and how Ferenc Herczeg’s “language programme” became so successful, since “There was no other native speaker who learned Hungarian so well as Ferenc Herczeg” (Hegedűs). Examining the language path, the research may explain the adaptation considered to be the key to success and the contribution of the author’s bilingualism to the foundation of success. In the case of Herczeg, social, cultural, and linguistic assimilation is so successful that it gives rise to countless speculations. The majority of criticism seeks the social adaptation and reflects less on linguistic assimilation. My aim is to prove that Herczeg, a German-speaking boy of Swabian descent, became Hungarian because of literature-centric Hungarian culture.
VÁLSÁG VAGY VÁLTOZÁS? A KÖNYV ÉS AZ OLVASÁS A SZERBIAI MAGYAR IRODALMI KULTÚRÁBAN
VÁLSÁG VAGY VÁLTOZÁS? A KÖNYV ÉS AZ OLVASÁS A SZERBIAI MAGYAR IRODALMI KULTÚRÁBAN
(CRISIS OR A CHANGE? BOOKS AND READING IN HUNGARIAN LITERARY CULTURE IN SERBIA)
- Author(s):Julianna Ispánovics Csapó
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Hungarian Literature
- Page Range:143-154
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:book; reading; Serbia; Hungarian literature; crisis; change;
- Summary/Abstract:The dynamic development of the book publishing network, the institutional background of Hungarian literature in Yugoslavia/Serbia was gaining momentum in the second half of the 20th century. The intention to educate the working strata as readers was the dividend of a state-run, socialist-based book culture. This endeavour was aided by appropriate book publishing or distribution structures and reader event movements (book months, literary evenings, book presentations). The social crisis of the turn of the century and the crisis of the 1990s shook the position of both books and reading. The structure of Hungarian book publishers in Serbia was largely supported by subsidies from the motherland, and the development and sustainability of reading habits wavered. The digital “prosperity” of the turn of the century has also weakened the position of books and reading in this region. The question arises, should one talk about the crisis of the book, or perhaps of a slowly changing environment, due to the fact that, e.g., the e-book has appeared, albeit sporadically, as opposed to the more expensive, cumbersome, and less easily accessible printed document. The aim of the study is to provide an answer to the question posed in the title.
VÉRZŐ TÁJAINK: A ROZSDA POÉTIKÁJA KORTÁRS FRANCIA KRITIKAI FIKCIÓKBAN
VÉRZŐ TÁJAINK: A ROZSDA POÉTIKÁJA KORTÁRS FRANCIA KRITIKAI FIKCIÓKBAN
(BLEEDING LANDSCAPES: THE POETICS OF RUST IN CONTEMPORARY FRENCH CRITICAL FICTION)
- Author(s):Krisztina Horváth
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):French Literature
- Page Range:155-164
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:the poetics of rust; critical fiction; François Bon;
- Summary/Abstract:In this paper, I examine the significance and meaning of rust motifs in the so-called “critical fiction” segment of contemporary French literature, and more specifically in the novels of François Bon. Without following through the appearances of rust in literary history exhaustively, some previous instances are briefly mentioned, since rust is one of the most frequently used images of the fragility and transience of the man-made world. In extreme contemporary literature, the poetics of rust expresses the nostalgia for a past industrial society in strange configurations, without remaining within the narrow confines of realistic presentation. Despite its apparent stasis, rust always presupposes an earlier pre-rust time horizon, that of the brand new state of the man-made object, machinery, or bridge. Recently, François Bon published a study of László Moholy-Nagy’s photo series of the transporter bridge of the Old Port of Marseille, blown up in 1944. The pedestal of the transporter bridge, as a rusting memento, from time to time awakens the desire in the French to reconstruct this peak of engineering and industrial achievement.
EVOLÚCIÓ VAGY DEVOLÚCIÓ – ETIKAI FELELŐSSÉG ÉS TRANSZHUMANIZMUS A BIOLÓGIAI SCIENCE FICTIONBEN
EVOLÚCIÓ VAGY DEVOLÚCIÓ – ETIKAI FELELŐSSÉG ÉS TRANSZHUMANIZMUS A BIOLÓGIAI SCIENCE FICTIONBEN
(EVOLUTION OR DEVOLUTION – ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY AND TRANSHUMANISM IN BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE FICTION)
- Author(s):Orsolya Babos
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):Philology
- Page Range:167-181
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:science fiction; biology; dystopia; ethics; transhumanism;
- Summary/Abstract:In science-fiction (SF) literature, the numerous biological themed works now represent a subgenre. The main structuring motive of the story in these works – or “novum”, using the phrase adapted by Darko Suvin SF theoretician – is biological in nature – such a natural or artificial, partially or completely fictional element (virus, gene manipulation, divergent evolution, etc.) that has a fundamental effect on the biology, development, degeneration, mutation, or hybridization of the human race or other races. In this study expounding a chapter of my thesis, I compare two SF novels, the Blood Music by Greg Bear and Brain Plague by Joan Sloczewski. The text is interdisciplinary in its nature and mostly discusses narratological and philosophical connections. The works of the genre covered here also raise the question of ethical responsibility. Through my study, I have arrived at the conclusion that while Bear was a writer “by trade” and not a scientist or researcher, he wrote his above-mentioned work with scientific precision, adapting many contemporary relevant theories during the creative process – like the Grey Goo hypothesis, the collective unconscious of Jung, the anthropic principle, or determinism – and organically integrating elements of these into the narrative. Primarily, he studies existential philosophical questions and also tries to present and compare how the individual and collective consciousness, the complex nervous system-like existence function. The narrative also brings up posthuman or post-anthropocentric viewpoints. In this way, the novel matches the requirements of hard SF. While being a biologist, Joan Slonczewski deviated far more from reality. In her space opera, she depicts anthropomorphic microbes living in the brains of people, building the mirror image of human society. Despite their miniature nature, they have a far greater complexity than what could be realistically possible. They create belief systems, can communicate in articulate languages, invent new things, etc. Thereby, the story is a classic social SF, a parable studying social philosophical questions grounded on a novum – such as the existence of microbes with the complexity of the homo sapiens – hard to explain even by pseudo-scientific or fictional arguments.
KIM STANLEY ROBINSON: NEW YORK 2140(A KAPITALIZMUS VÁLSÁGREGÉNYE)
KIM STANLEY ROBINSON: NEW YORK 2140(A KAPITALIZMUS VÁLSÁGREGÉNYE)
(KIM STANLEY ROBINSON: NEW YORK 2140 (A NOVEL ON THE CRISIS OF CAPITALISM))
- Author(s):Otto Beke
- Language:Hungarian
- Subject(s):American Literature
- Page Range:183-194
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Kim Stanley Robinson; New York 2140; capitalism; crisis;
- Summary/Abstract:Kim Stanley Robinson’s novel New York 2140 was published in 2017. It presents a unique vision of endless expansion, global warming, climate along with a dystopian capitalism and the entailing humanitarian disasters. The main villain is the capitalist system itself, while the scene is set amid rhetorical structures of rising sea levels and floods. Beneath the surface of the novel, there are underlying murky waters in the form of financial-economic exchange processes, driven exclusively by the quest for maximum profit. The benefit of studying this work lies in a more complete understanding of the current socio-economic system, especially given the criticism of mass production and mass consumption. Indirectly, the novel contributes to the ongoing process of raising the readers’ awareness of the importance of eco-politics and its implementation in the real world.
KIVONATOK / REZUMATE
KIVONATOK / REZUMATE
(ABSTRACTS)
- Contributor(s):Judit Pál (Editor), Judit Pieldner (Editor), Zsuzsa Tapodi (Editor)
- Language:English, Romanian, Hungarian
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:195-209
- No. of Pages:15
A KÖTET SZERZŐI / AUTORII VOLUMULUI
A KÖTET SZERZŐI / AUTORII VOLUMULUI
(ABOUT THE AUTHORS)
- Contributor(s):Judit Pál (Editor), Judit Pieldner (Editor), Zsuzsa Tapodi (Editor)
- Language:Romanian, Hungarian
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:211-212
- No. of Pages:2