Modele preluate de arhitectura militară medievală din Principatul Moldovei
Models borrowed by the defensive medieval architecture of the Moldavian Principality

Summary/Abstract: The modeling method is used in comparative castellology. The various models based on certain structures, processes, functions, manifestations, styles, schools, etc. are considered in this article. Modeling expresses certain relationships between real objects and their models. It is stimulated by the binary nature of the isomorphic relations between the source (cause) and action (consequence), between synchronous and non-synchronous analogies, between the “sender” and the addressee, between the model and the object under study. Using the modeling method, we tried to identify the specifics of defensive architecture of the Moldavian Principality during the period of functioning of the “classical” fortresses, which begins on this territory at the end of the XIVth century and ends in the XVIth century. From an architectural point of view, the stone fortresses of Moldavia were influenced by the royal and feudal castles of Europe, as well as Byzantine and eastern fortresses. The following models were borrowed: the model with an isolated donjon (Ţeţina fortress); the model “castle + donjon” (Hotin fortress); transitional model between the “castle + donjon” model and castellum model (the citadel of Princely Fortress of Suceava, the citadels of Chilia and Cetatea Albă fortresses); castellum model (Şcheia, Neamţ, Bender/Tighina, Tatarbunar fortresses and New Fortress near Roman); “Constantinopolitan” model (Cetatea Albă and Chilia external fortifications); the model “eastern fortified residence” (the citadel of Orheiul Vechi) and the model of the central type with circular plan (Soroca fortress).The modeling method is used in comparative castellology. The various models based on certain structures, processes, functions, manifestations, styles, schools, etc. are considered in this article. Modeling expresses certain relationships between real objects and their models. It is stimulated by the binary nature of the isomorphic relations between the source (cause) and action (consequence), between synchronous and non-synchronous analogies, between the “sender” and the addressee, between the model and the object under study. Using the modeling method, we tried to identify the specifics of defensive architecture of the Moldavian Principality during the period of functioning of the “classical” fortresses, which begins on this territory at the end of the XIVth century and ends in the XVIth century. From an architectural point of view, the stone fortresses of Moldova were influenced by the royal and feudal castles of Europe, as well as Byzantine and eastern fortresses. The following models were borrowed: the model with an isolated donjon (Ţeţina fortress); the model “castle + donjon” (Hotin fortress); transitional model between the “castle + donjon” model and castellum model (the citadel of Princely Fortress of Suceava, the citadels of Chilia and Cetatea Albă fortresses); castellum model (Şcheia, Neamţ, Bender/Tighina, Tatarbunar fortresses and New Fortress near Roman); “Constantinopolitan” model (Cetatea Albă and Chilia external fortifications); the model “eastern fortified residence” (the citadel of Orheiul Vechi) and the model of the central type with circular plan (Soroca fortress).

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