Prawna skuteczność zgody małżeńskiej wyrażonej bez obecności duchownego uprawnionego do asystowania przy zawarciu małżeństwa jako przejaw elastyczności ustawodawcy kościelnego we wspieraniu instytucji małżeństwa
The Legal Validity of Marital Consent Expressed Without the Presence of a Clergyman Authorized to Assist at the Marriage as an Expression of the Church Legislator’s Flexibility in Supporting the Institution of Marriage

Summary/Abstract: The Catholic Church requires that for marriage to be validly contracted, the contracting parties – provided that they are subject to its legal regulations – must manifest their consent in the presence of two witnesses and a clergyman authorized to assist at the celebration of marriage. Real life situations sometimes make it impossible, however, or significantly hinder observance of the ordinary canonical form of the celebration of marriage. For this reason, the church legislator allows for circumstances in which marital consent manifested without observance of this form becomes legally valid and thus creates the marital bond. Most of these exceptions are mentioned in canons 1108 § 1 CIC and 828 § 1 CCEO. The author of this text discusses the canon law instruments described in the above-mentioned cannons which guarantee the legal validity of marital consent expressed in the absence of a clergyman authorized to assist at the marriage. Due to the limited space available in the article, the other analogous legal instruments described in other cannons of the Code (dispensation from the canonical form and convalidation of marriage) have been omitted.

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