DÎVÂNU LUGÂTİ’T TÜRK’TEN GÜNÜMÜZE ÇATI TÜRLERİNDE BENZERLİKLER VE FARKLILIKLAR
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN VOICE TYPES FROM DĪWĀN LUGHĀT AL-TURK TO PRESENT

Summary/Abstract: The voice forms of verbs in Old Turkish are versatile and diverse. Voice affixes are also more functional than today, which can be proven by examining the verbs in the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk. Some voice forms in the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk have been out of use in Turkish, while others continue to be used. The functional reductions seen in voice affixes and the introduction of voice forms with different syntactic and lexical methods have narrowed the usage areas of voice types. In this study, the verbs in the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk are classified according to the forms of passive, causative, transitive, reciprocal, and reflexive, which have been examined in detail. The voice forms exemplified in the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk are given with their proportional distribution. It is determined at which rate and with what examples these voice forms are used in Turkish today. Features and functions of voice affixes are detected by comparing their use in Karakhanid Turkish and Turkish. Besides, voice forms and affixes used in the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk that have been out of use today are presented. Inferences have been made about why the voice forms that could not exist today have been abandoned. The voice affix preferences of some verbs in old Turkish and Turkish are compared. Also, the voice possibilities about syntactic components have been found out in Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk. Proportional analysis of the voice types in the Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk, our first known dictionary and grammar book have been examined and the change of Turkish in terms of the voice in time has shown.

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