KARADENİZ BÖLGESİ’NDE MİLLİ MÜCADELE’NİN ÖRGÜTLENMESİ: SİVİL VE ASKERİ TEŞKİLATLANMALAR
ORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL STRUGGLE IN THE BLACK SEA REGION: CIVIL AND MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS

Summary/Abstract: There were reactions rose from all over Anatolia while the government of Istanbul remained silent to the invasions that started with the Armistice of Mudros. The people of each region or province had formed various organizations that generally under the name of Müdafaa-i Hukuk, held congresses and formed armed defense units to defend their territories. The Black Sea Region was of great importance in terms of being the place where such national organizations were established. These organizations enabled the National Movement to spread throughout the country in a short time, especially in providing the logistical support required in wars on the Western Front. In this period, the Ottoman navy was completely interned, all kinds of logistical support required for the resistance became almost impossible, and the Pontus gangs massacred, the people of the Black Sea contributed greatly to the order of the region with the civil and military organizations they established. Thus, the National Movement was institutionalized and gained time for the establishment of stronger defense structures. These structures, which were built both on land and in the sea, along the coast from Hopa to Zonguldak, provided order in the Black Sea Region. Moreover, these organizations played a major role in winning the national struggle by transporting ammunition from the Eastern Front to the Western Front and from Russian ports to Turkish ports.

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