Ред, закон и държавата в учението на Платон — космос
Order, Law and State in Plato’s theory

Summary/Abstract: The study aims to underline the importance of the conception of order into Plato’s work in conjunction with the notions of law and state. The starting point of the author is the thesis that in Antiquity all three forms of order – order in nature, order in thinking and order in society were considered integral parts of a basic general cosmic order. According to the author, the core of Plato’s theory concerning the social order (including the legal order), is oriented towards the understanding that the order in the polis could be assessed as good (in a broad sense) only in case it is a reflection of the order of the cosmos. And the philosopher, being the unique person, who is capable to understand the principles of the general cosmic order, is for that reason the sole, who is untitled to create (to express, to stipulate) the juridical laws. He could do that by the assistance of mathematics and especially geometry, witch is not only a system of deductive statements, but represents a link between the world of ideas and the material world. The article claims that this theoretical construction is not a Plato’s invention. The important role of Plato’s predecessors is outlined and the impact of the Pythagoreans, Parmenides and Heraclites is described.

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