Note preliminarii asupra raportului dintre factorii interni și externi în geneza statelor românești Țara Românească și Moldova
Preliminary Notes on the Relationship Between the Internal and External Factors in the Genesis of the Romanian States Walachia and Moldavia

Summary/Abstract: The first part of the study examines the reasons of the backwardness of the state genesis: the absence of an urban or rural elite after the withdrawal of the Roman administration from Dacia; the destruction by the Avar domination of the Gepidic kingdom, who was evolving on a similar way like the western Germanic kingdoms which enabled the survival of the state organization in Italy, France and Spain; the Hungarian conquest which interrupted the evolution toward a state organization in the western part of the Romanian territory. The second part of the study begins with an overview of two neighbor cases of state genesis, illustrative for the external or internal factors of their emergence: Bulgaria and Serbia. The comparison concerns the origin of the elite which built those states, a foreign one in Bulgaria, a local one in Serbia. The study continues with a discussion on the origin of the Romanian noble class of the boiars, whose name was inherited from the period of the Bulgarian domination north of the Danube. This elite of landowners existed before the establishment of the state organization, on the entire territory peopled by Romanians. The first attempt of organization of a Romanian state in the region south of Carpathians failed in 1279 (the voievode Litovoi from northern Oltenia rebelled against Ladislas IV), but the new offensives of the Golden Horde created a favorable situation for the detachment of the Romanians from the vassalage ties, began with the rebellion of Făgăraș (1291) and ended with the victory of Basarab against Charles Robert in 1330. In Moldavia, the local population was under the rule of the Golden Horde, and it is possible that enjoyed a certain autonomy. The offensives of the Hungarian armies in 1345-1346 were followed by the establishment of a mark in the valley of the Moldova River, led by the Romanian noblemen Dragoș, from Maramureș. This was the kernel of the future Moldavian state.

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