Към проблема за типологията на българското традиционно животновъдство
To the Problem of the Typology of Traditional Bulgarian Stock-Breeding

Summary/Abstract: The article is an attempt at applying the method of typology to the classification of traditional Bulgarian stock-breeding. The author elucidates the specificity of ethnographic typology. Its "objects" do not exist per se, being an organic part of traditional culture. The existence of the ethnographic realia depends, apart from the material conditions of production, also on the selective sanction of society, giving them the attribute of "traditional". Therefore if the ethnic environment as a determining condition for the existence of the ethnographic phenomena is not reckoned with, any other typological approach becomes formal rather than meaningful. The type has been assumed to be the most general taxonomic unit in this work. It has been defined as the basic form, the protoimage of the phenomenon, taking into account its variational divergencies, as well. The type has been identified as a set of features and factors. The author assumes its essential features and conditions to be stability, engendered by the continuity in the production and lifestyle processes, and the normative nature of the ideative conceptions in the sphere of ethnic consciousness and unreality. Proceeding from the typological set of criteria, the author has classified traditional Bulgarian stock-breeding into two basic types: settled and nomadic. Their specific features and variability have been presented. Sub-types have been identified of the second type. Some forms have also been noted, which, owing to their scant investigation, cannot as yet be arranged in typological categories. The article proves the advantages of the typological method in the investigation of the ethnographic phenomena. It puts forward a great number of interesting ideas, which could be useful in future studies on traditional Bulgarian stock-breeding.

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