INSTALAȚIILE TEHNICE POPULARE ȘI MEȘTEȘUGURILE DIN ZONA VALEA GURGHIULUI (JUDEȚUL MUREȘ)
Peasant technical installations and crafts from the area of the Gurghiu Valley (Mures County)

Summary/Abstract: On the Gurghiu Valley are spread settlements, some of which are first mentioned in an official document from newer or ancient times. Those at the lower valley are clustered settlements, and those upper rivers are scattered, generally found in upland regions: Bicasu, Toaca, Dubistes, Isticelul, Arsicea, Uricea, Tireul,Ibanesti–Padure, Blidireasa, Zimti, Piriul–Mare, Dulcea, Bradetel. Eleven settlements developed on this valley: Solovastru (1853), Jabenita (1453), Adrian(1393), Gurghiu (1248), Orsova (1453), Casva (1453), Glajarie (1760), Hodac (1453), Toaca, Ibanesti–Sat (1453), Ibanesti–Padure. History of villages from the Gurghiu Valley was related to the fortress and Gurghiu domain for many centuries. In August 1329, a document mentioned Petru Georgyu. However, the fortress was only firstly documented in 1364, on the appointment of Dionisie as voivode of Transylvania. Now, besides the castellans of fortresses from Deva, Hunedoara and Ciceu, also appears Iohannis Lepesde Gurghen as castellan of Gurghiu fortress.Development of the economic life and ever increasing requirements of the population led to improvement and development of peasant technical installations(mills, oil mills, traditional rural whirlpools, sawmills) but also crafts and trades (carpentry, flute making, wheel righting, blacksmithing, pottery). Manufactory plants were set up, beginning with the 17th century; these were the first form of industrialization, based on work division and manual techniques, a preliminary stage of transition from small-scale commodity production to large-scale machine production.

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