O NIEKTÓRYCH TRUDNOŚCIACH ZWIĄZANYCH Z WYODRĘBNIENIEM CZĘŚCI MOWY (NA PRZYKŁADZIE WYRAZÓW TZW. KATEGORII STANU W JĘZYKU ROSYJSKIM)
ABOUT SOME DIFFICULTIES CONNECTED WITH ISOLATING PARTS OF SPEECH (ON THE EXAMPLE OF WHAT IS CALLED CATEGORY OF STATE IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE)

Summary/Abstract: The existing classification of words into parts of speech is not a fully consistent and logical one. It must be noted, however, that it does reflect the existing reality to a certain extent. The traditional classification of words into parts of speech concerns the lexical units already formed in the language. There is no room in it for parts of speech which are being formed or parts of speech which may be formed in the future. New parts of speech which some linguists are trying to isolate are attached on to those already in existence. One of the chief difficulties is the fact that there is no one uniform criterion for isolating parts of speech. The author of the article attempts to apply the lexical-grammatical criterion to words in the category of state and points to some difficulties connected with isolating this group of words. The author analyses words from the category of state from the point of view of their meaning and morphological and syntactic properties and gives the following definition of this category in the present stage of its development in the Russian language: the category of state is in the process of formation. It comparises words genetically connected with the noun, the short form of the adjective and the adverb (possessing analytical forms of tense and voice), integrated by the categorical meaning of state and syntactic function of the predicate. The problem of isolating parts of speech is strictly connected with their classification. According to the author, parts of speech should first be isolated according to one criterion and then classified into an open system.

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