ПРИНЦИПЫ ХАРАКТЕРОЛОГИИ В ЭСТЕТИКЕ И.С. ТУРГЕНЕВА
IVAN TURGENEV’S RULES OF PERSONATION TECHNIQUE

Summary/Abstract: The author o f the article discusses the typicalness of Turgenev’s characters not only in the Russian, but also the universal aspect. He emphasizes that his rules of personation technique are among the most im portant problem s of the author’s artistry. Turgenev’s rules of personation technique consist in his manner of presenting his characters in the aspect of universal ideals, in the aspect of hamletism and donquixotism , egoism and altruism. The author substantiated them theoretically. Turgenev did not sever his characters from reality, however. His point of view was thus similar to the concept of Tshernyshevsky. But Turgenev did not confine him self to the laws of nature and society, he also referred to „some unknowable” forces hidden in the human soul. This is why he was so fascinated by invisible secret impulses and motives of human behaviour. We find the key to Turgenev’s technique of character building in this attitude, since among the whole gallery of Turgenev’s heroes we notice this interlock of motivated and unmotivated, understandable and strange actions. This „misterious force” of human behaviour is expressed in all his writings, it assumes a number of forms and shapes. According to the author of the article this aspect, the motive of misteriousness and definiteness of human fate was essential for the personation tech­nique and the internal structure of his works. Owing to this concept Turgenev was able to realize this misterious psychology of his characters. The author proves his thesis through an analysis for the poetics of the works, a justification of the specific type of association (e.g. linking feelings with the elements, particularly themotive of love), through a wide use of allegories and symbolic representation. Thus Turgenev’s general aesthetic concept which determines his personation technique proves the specificity of the author’s realism.

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