ПРІОРИТЕТНІ ПИТАННЯ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ ТА ОХОРОНИ ПРАВОСЛАВНИХ САКРАЛЬНИХ ПАМ´ЯТНИКІВ
PRIORITY ISSUES OF PRESERVING AND PROTECTING OF ORTHODOX SACRAL MONUMENTS

Summary/Abstract: The purpose of the article is to focus the attention of scientists, architects, designers on the urgent tasks of protecting and preserving the cultural heritage of our people - monuments of the sacred art of sacred art, in particular, orthodox gravestones. The methodology is based on a combination of historical analysis of the formation and development of sacred memorial forms, information from art history sources from architecture, sculpture, and decorative art of the 19th - early 20th century. The article used data on the functioning of stone-working and metalworking shop enterprises and specialized workshops for the production of monuments. Archival documents, photo frames, as well as the author’s measurements of the surviving tombstones at the Lukianivka cemetery of the city of Kyiv, which provided an opportunity to highlight the most significant issues of this issue, became a weighty basis. Scientific novelty is characterized by the argumentation of the need to begin research on the formative process of Orthodox tombstones from the second half of the ХІХth - early ХХth century, which remains unexplored today, the formulation of classification features of tombstones, the definition of compositional, technical and technological aspects, the role of formative elements, It is essential in the matter of scientifically grounded methods of restoration, restoration and the design of sacred memorial objects. Conclusions. Priority issues of preservation and protection of Orthodox sacred monuments in Ukraine are formulated on the example of the study of the Lukianivka cemetery in Kyiv. According to external signs of the monuments of the specified period, the main typological groups and dominant elements were established. In the system of qualitative criteria for assessing the shape of a gravestone, the principle of the synthesis of composite, structural, and technological means for constructing gravestones is a priority. The study of products of metal plastics, many of which are in a residual state, confirms that the artistic and decorative and constructive qualities of metal forms of gravestones are unique examples of Ukrainian sacral culture. An equally important issue is the study of steeliness’, based on the centuries-old tradition of using stone in the manufacture of tombstones, sculptural compositions, columns, obelisks, crosses, icons, various samples of small plastics for decorating burial grounds.

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