Интеллигенция и женский вопрос в России в конце XIX — начале XX в.
Intelligentsia and women’s issue in Russia in the late XIX and early XX c.

Summary/Abstract: The article examines: the essence of the women’s issue in Russia — discrimination against women in the political, economic, social, cultural and family spheres — and the reasons for its aggravation in the late XIX and early XX centuries; notions of “emancipation”, “suffragism” and “feminism”; the position of liberal and Marxist intelligentsia on the causes of the women’s issue and how to solve it; main areas and areas of activity of the main women’s organizations and parties (Russian Women’s Mutual-Charitable Society, Women’s Progressive Party, Women’s Equality Union, Women’s Political Club, etc.) and the women’s movement as a whole: the struggle for civil and political rights, such as voting rights, women’s struggle for education and access to vocational work, charity; causes of the mass female movement in 1907. The government’s policy on the women’s issue is analyzed. The author applied the following research methods: analysis and synthesis of facts (first — division into elements, study of their origin and development; then — understanding of interrelations and interdependencies of facts); induction (from particular to general) and deduction (from general to specific); comparative analysis (the comparison of individual phenomena and processes, to detect their similarities and differences). The conclusion is made about the role of representatives of the liberal and Marxist intelligentsia (A. P. Filosofova, M. I. Pokrovskaya, N. V. Stasova, M. V. Trubnikova, S. А. Turbert, A. M. Kollontay) in the organization and development of the women’s movement in Russia in the late XIX — early XX centuries, as well as the role of the women's movement in the implementation of democratic reforms.

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