Teorie hodnoty v klasické politické ekonomii a její význam pro vznik ekonomie
THEORY OF VALUE IN THE CLASSICAL POLITICAL ECONOMY AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR THE RISE OF THE ECONOMICS

Summary/Abstract: Author takes notice of value theory of price in evolution of economics and its relation to contemporary economics. He comes out of a thesis, which places the price on an es-sential position in market system and which deals with price analysis within investiga-tion of market functions. There is explained the meaning of price in market economy and basic conception of price functions in contemporary economics in the first part of paper. Using Friedman’s approach author emphasizes the difference between contemporary economics and classi-cal political economy in relation to the conception of price functions. Present conception is more narrow and does not highlight reproductive function, which was dominating in value theory of price. Author appreciates Friedman’s approach, particularly emphasis on inseparability of single price functions and he uses this issue to ask a question: „Which factors did cause the reducing of reproductive function of the price in present interpretation and what is the reason for lacking attitude to price?“ Author states a fact that there is not included overall conception of price functions in market economy in modern study books. The base of value theory of price is analysis of mentioned fundamentals in ancient economic thoughts, with emphasis on ethical connections of attitudes to market activi-ties. Author explains ethical grounds of Aristoteles economic thoughts, where is stated important requirement and thus it can not happen to better one subject situation at the expense of the other one during exchange. The principle of equivalence was a result of mentioned idea and was adopted by first author generation of classical political econom-ics in 17th century. The principle of equivalence was also included in T. Akvinsky’s conception of just price. This conception was also elaborated with emphasis on ethical context and em-braced a requirement of equivalence in exchange. Author highlights Aristoteles contribu-tion for formation and evolution of price theory – Aristoteles declared, that utility is a prerequisite for realization of exchange on the market and that the price is connected to adequate amount of income.

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