Художні-стильові особливості свічників в оздобленні мацев Східної Галичини XVI – першої третини XX ст.
Art-style features of candlesticks in the decoration of the matsevahs of Eastern Galicia XVI - the first third of the XX century

Summary/Abstract: The purpose of the article is to identify the artistic and stylistic features of carved candlesticks, to carry out the analysis of constructive schemes and to determine the typology of multi-branched candlesticks in the decorative adornment of the matsevahs of Eastern Galicia from the XVI through to the first third of the XX century. The methodology of the research involves the use of a number of methods: historical-comparative, formal-stylistic, structural-typological. For analysis of compositional solutions, art criticism categories, as well as practical experience of visual, stylistic, morphological-compositional and complex analysis were used. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that for the first time the basic principles of constructing compositions with the use of the candlestick motif have been analyzed for the first time, the artistic and stylistic features of carved candlesticks have been thoroughly investigated, their typology has been determined, the analysis of constructive schemes of the multi-branched candlesticks-menorahs in the decorative adornment of the matsevahs of Eastern Galicia XVI - the first third of XX. Conclusions. Through the analysis of the ornamental decoration of the matsevahs of the ancient Jewish cemetery of Galicia, one can distinguish several dominant motifs according to the nature of the image: zoomorphic, ornithomorphic, plant ornamentation, subject motifs, architectural elements, symbols of Judaism. The motif of the candlestick is one of the most commonly used motifs in the memorial plastics of the Galician matsevahs of the 18th and the mid-19th centuries, and its artistic and stylistic peculiarities are the embodiment of the high skill of Galician masters-carvers. Of significance is the different stylization of the form, the interpretation of individual structural elements of the candlestick in different regions of Eastern Galicia. In the formation of monuments, influences of stylistics from leading styles of European art are observed, in particular - baroque, rococo, secession. The completion of individual elements or details of the subject motif under investigation has been significantly influenced by the traditions of Ukrainian art, in particular.

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