Jedno- oraz dwu(wielo)języczność literackich “światów”
Uni- and Bi-(multi-)linguality of Literary ‘Worlds’

Summary/Abstract: If a literary work is approached as a ‘model or the world’ (a Lotmanian concept), then various worlds come into play – including uni-, bi- or multilingual ones. Motivations quoted behind unilinguality may be of a patriotic, mythological, realistic, or para-translational nature. Literature may create illusions of a bilingual or multilingual world within the limits of unilingual utterances, making use of tricks such as metalinguistic reflections directed at alienness of a speech, translation of foreign-language texts and syntactic/phonetic imitations of foreign forms of expression. Actual suppression of a monopoly of a language in a work consists, as a matter of fact, in revealing the tension between familiarity and alienness, where both (or more) systems of verbal communication are rendered textually present using gradable and recallable tricks, the area describing them thus being referred to as alternative or probabilistic poetics.

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