Textilní produkce ve starém Egyptě a její doklady z Abúsíru
Ancient Egyptian textile production with the focus on finds from Abusir

Summary/Abstract: The aim of this article is to present the textile production in ancient Egypt. This material figured prominently in all aspects oflife of the Egyptians. Information about it derives from the fabrics themselves and from the representation on tomb-paintingsand models of workshops. In the first part, the author points to different uses of textile as documented in archaeological finds.Besides the clothes it was plentifully needed in the households, for funeral use, in religion and it has also its economical function.The second part deals with the technology of production of textile. The most common raw material for production was flax,but infrequently other plant or animal materials were also used. The prepared flax yarns had to be spun and iconographicalsources show that there were several ways in which this activity was carried out. Special attention is paid to weaving. Findingsindicate that in ancient Egypt two types of looms were known – horizontal and vertical. The extent of use of both of these typeshas been discussed by researchers for a long time. The finished products could be decorated in a variety of ways, the articlepresents especially those that are used on material from Abusir. Finally, various archaeological contexts of Abusir textile findsare outlined along with the functions of this material. Examples of some most interesting textile finds are also presented. Dueto the character of the site, they are dated to the Third and First Millennium BC.

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