Trzy starożytne koncepcje retoryki: sofiści, Arystoteles, stoicy
Three Ancient Concepts of Rhetoric: Sophists, Aristotle, Stoics

Summary/Abstract: In antiquity, we encounter three main concepts of rhetoric: sophists, Aristotle and tables. These concepts are significantly different, although they have in common that they concern the ability to use the word. Rhetoric, according to the sophists, is the art of persuasion with the word, but regardless of the truth; according to Aristotle, it is the art of finding true (probable) arguments capable of persuasion to which the viewer agrees; according to the Stoics, it is the eloquence possessed by a righteous man morally, i.e. one who will neither lie nor use the word art for evil purposes. It is obvious that these concepts cannot be mechanically combined and described as one concept of classical rhetoric, because each of them is based on a different philosophical system. The most “rhetorical” seems to be the concept of Aristotle, while the great didactic value is contained in the rhetoric of the stoics, while the rhetoric of the sophists is not really rhetoric, but rather sophisistics, which today hides behind various forms of manipulation. One thing is certain: within the framework of the culture of words and logical culture, it is worth constantly returning to these three ancient rhetoric, because they still have a unique educational power.

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