Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde Zeytin ve Zeytinyağı Üretimi ile Ticareti Üzerine Tarihsel Bir Bakış (1923-1960)
A Historical Overview on Olive and Olive Oil Production and Trading in Turkey (1923-1960)

Summary/Abstract: This article discusses the olive and olive oil production and trading in Turkey starting from the early years of the Republic until 1950, and the effects of these on economy. The research subject is discussed in two periods as olive and olive oil production and exports in the first period of the Republic (1923-1950) and the improvements observed in olive and olive oil industries in Turkey in Democrat Party (DP) period (1950-1960). The effects of olive and olive oil production and trading in the Republic of Turkey on economy are explored in the light of statistical data. The source materials of the research consist of the Presidency Republic Archive Documents, official publications, Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Parliament) Minutes Records, laws and official reports, the Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey and the articles published in the periodical journals on agriculture and economy. In this research, the improvements observed in olive and olive oil industries in Turkey and around the world in relevant period were taken into consideration in evaluations. The results obtained in this research are as follows: With the proclamation of the republic, olive production and exports gained importance and significant steps were taken to improve olive industry in Turkey with the enactment of Laws No 1528 and 3573. However, the conditions of the 1929 World Economic Crisis and the World War 2 gave damage to olive and olive oil industries. In DP period, trainings were offered to raise the consciousness of olive producers, masters and apprentices were trained, graft were offered for free. Furthermore, wild olive lands were located, parcelled out, distributed and registered and pest control mechanisms were established. As a result of these measures, olive and olive oil production and export activities were improved, which significantly contributed to the national economy.

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