Katar’da Osmanlı Hâkimiyetine Tarihsel Bir Bakış
A Historical Perspective at the Ottoman Domination in Qatar

Summary/Abstract: The purpose of this work is to essentially analyse the period starting with Sultan Selim the Stern’s Campaign against Egypt, when Qatar came under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, until 1915, when our last soldier left the territories of Qatar. It is understood that the Ottomans fought against first the Portuguese, and after that the British in this region for a long time. The Ottoman army settled in this region for the first time when Sheik Jassim invited Midhat Pasha, the Ottoman Governor of the Gulf Region to Qatar. After that, the Ottoman State started the struggle to establish its sovereignty in Qatar. In order to strengthen its sovereignty in this region, the Ottoman State appointed Sheik Jassim bin Mohammad of the House Al Thani, which was one of the existing houses in the region, as distinct governor of Qatar. Afterwards, Sheik Jassim fought against the Houses in Qatar as well as the neighbouring houses, the House of Saud, and the British for a long time in order to consolidate the Ottoman State’s rule in this territory. It is also evident that Sheik Jassim also had conflicts with the Ottoman troops and administration which were present in the region from time to time during his reign. It is evident in the Ottoman documents involving the reclamations and reforms which were reported by the officers sent to this region in 1888 and 1901 that the Ottoman Empire was particularly concerned about the territory as they were aware of the region’s importance. However, while some of the aforementioned reforms were realized, many of them could not be actualized due to the problems the Ottoman state encountered within its geography. It is understood that the British built up the pressure against Sheik Jassim Al Thani in 1894, and he did his utmost efforts to put up a struggle against them. The fact that the British laid claim on Zubarah and Adid on behalf of Bahrain escalated the conflicts in the named regions. Having to put up a long fight in the region, Sheik Jassim Al Thani eventually achieved his goal and succeeded in stationing his own houses in the territory with the support of the Ottoman State. After that, negotiations involving the region were conducted between the Ottomans and the British between 1910 and 1913, and the British Empire took advantage of the Ottoman State’s Balkan Wars and occupied Qatar, and finally the Ottoman rule over Qatar came to an end when the last Ottoman military unit withdrew from the region in 1915.

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