WERNER SOMBART VE AVRUPA İKTİSAT TARİHİNDE MUSEVİLER
WERNER SOMBART AND THE JEWS IN THE ECONOMIC HISTORY OF EUROPE

Summary/Abstract: In Europe, Jews introduced such negotiable instruments as bills of exchange or security, bank notes, and mortgage deeds. These instruments transformed credit from personal indebtedness into formal obligation in borrowing. These credit instruments were in use among Jews during Talmudic times. Sombart cites that regulations regarding such instruments were made in the Talmud and in later rabbinical exegesis. The Jew as a stranger in Europe is an individual acting free of his traditional group. Jewish pursuit of gain is freed from institutional constructions; their power of the will and of the heroic enterprises becomes the innovative capitalist forces. Their capital accumulation is an enabling factor integrating the capitalist order. Money lending means to put capital to work. Free market and market demand are advanced components of their economic actions. Jew, as a source of the capital to be accumulated, have always needed someone with whom to trade.

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