Великая российская (русская) революция и судьбы интеллигенции Беларуси: некоторые аспекты историографии вопроса
The Great Russian Revolution and the Fates of Belarusian Intelligentsia: Some Aspects of the Question of Historiography

Summary/Abstract: The aim of the article is to reveal actual issues of Belarusian historiography, showing the influence of the Great Russian revolution on the fate and role of Belorusian intelligentsia in revolutionary reforms and the construction of a new society. Understanding of the contribution of one national-regional intelligentsia's groups at different historical stages makes it possible to reveal the role of intellectual forces in the formation and development of Soviet civilization, their significance in transformations in the post-Soviet space. For goal achievement, the author solves the following tasks: to consider the main political orientations of the intelligentsia of Belarus on the eve and during the revolutionary events of the beginning of the XX century; to analyze the main aspects in the content of the Belarusian historiography on the participation of the intelligentsia of Belarus in the construction of a new society in the pre-war period; to find out the tendencies in historiography devoted to the participation of the intelligentsia of Belarus in the Great Patriotic War; to reveal the most important directions in the Belarusian historiography concerning the activities of the intelligentsia of Belarus in the postwar and «perestroika» periods. The author was guided by the principles of historicism and objectivity, using historical-genetic, historical-comparative, historicaltypological and retrospective methods, which enabled him to generalize the achievements of historiography and to reveal the diverse role of the intelligentsia of Belarus in the development of Soviet society. Considering the content of some historical publications, the author elucidates the political orientations of the intelligentsia of Belarus on the eve of the revolution and during the period of revolutionary struggle in the first decades of the twentieth century, shows the forms and methods of attracting old specialists to the construction of a new society in the formation of the Soviet intelligentsia and its activities in the production, scientific and socio-cultural sphere. The conclusion has been done about weighty contribution of the overwhelming majority of the intelligentsia of Belarus to victory over fascism. An important role belonged to the intelligentsia in the restoration of the national economic and cultural potential of the republic after the war. At the same time, negative tendencies observed in the intelligentsia environment were noted in the postwar period.The article also determines the actual subjects for further scientific research with a view to the intelligentsia studies. Attention should be paid to the relationship between the intelligentsia detachments, the problems between old specialists and new intellectual workers, the processes of transferring the experience of prerevolutionary professionals to the young builders of a new society, the succession of generations. It requires further study of the role of interrepublican ties, primarily with Russia, its scientific and educational institutions in the formation and development of the intellectual potential of both countries.

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