Prilog sistematici oblika upravljanja
A Theoretical Contribution to the System of Forms of Management

Summary/Abstract: The fundamental elements of every system are the unity of totality and the independence of the parts of that system. In the frame of a managerial system the characteristics of integrity and independence arise in two dimensions: in the technical development and the extension of interest. From the technical point of view it is a question of opposition between the unity, expressed in a united working purpose, and the independence of parts which are revealed in a tendency of differentiation in the authority of the administrative means in a broad sense. From the point of interest it is a question of opposition of communal interests brought face to face with particular interests which originate in a managerial system and around it, a predominance of communal interests is confronted with the interests self-governing components. The dynamical development of governing systems arises from the activity of these contrasts within the system in a given society. In the three basic systems of management i.e. personal, territorial and functional one, which appeared in the course of history and exist now intermingling simultaneously, the contraries of the systems show themselves in forms typical for each system. For the sake of management it is important to define the interacting relations of the systems, the conditions of their relative extension and the results of interfering of their principal characteristics. The answers to these questions depend upon a stage which a certain community in its development has reached. Four scales are suggested to find out that stage precisely: 1.The organization density defined as a ratio between the number of organizations i.e. the number of organization units in the system and the total quality of available social means including people. 2. The concentration and dispersion of interests, i.e. the number of individuals and the number of interests where the individuals emerge as subjects of interests. 3. The transparency of social situations, i.e. to which degree are the relevant data available and comprehensible for an ordinary individual in a society. 4. The rational management, i.e. to which degree in a certain social community does the orientation to conclusions in the relation aim-means prevail. as distinguished from emotional and other irrational orientations. These scales enable the definition of the three typical situations in relation to management. With regard to the present-day provisional period from the territorial to the functional system of management, it would be especially important to explore the characteristics of that transition.

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