Razlikovanje dativa i lokativa u 19. i 20. stoljeću
Differentiating the dative and locative cases in the 19th and 20th centuries

Summary/Abstract: In the first part of this paper, the dative and locative cases are compared in grammar books of the 19th and 20th centuries. Vukovian and Zagreb Philological School grammars from the 19th century are taken into consideration. Grammarians of the Zagreb Philological School differentiated between the dative and locative in terms of case endings for singular masculine and neuter gender of adjective-pronoun declension, so dative was formed by ending -omu/-emu while locative was formed by ending -om/-em. When T. Maretić’s grammar was published, the endings started to mix, and -ome appeared. According to the Zagreb Philological School grammars, prema (toward) is a preposition exclusively used for the dative, while in the grammars of Croatian Vukovians it is used only with the locative. By grammar comparison, it is concluded that after the victory of Croatian Vukovians, distinctiveness of the dative and locative in Croatian became minor because of the syncretism of endings in all declensions and because by the end of the 20th century the use of preposition prema (toward) with both cases depended on meaning. In the second part of this paper, corpus analysis is used to investigate whether the difference between these two cases is preserved in the language of Croatian writers in the 19th and 20th century. Material for this research is taken from the Croatian National Corpus, subcorpus Classics. The aim of this paper is to show that normative distinctiveness of the dative and locative in the language which is described in the grammars of Zagreb Philological School is significantly larger than in the language described in Vukovian grammars and the grammars of the 20th century. The language in use is investigated through corpus analysis and the results show that the difference in endings in adjective pronoun declension and the usage of preposition prema (toward) existed in the language of the writers of Zagreb Philological School and that it was lost under the influence of Vukovian norm at the end of the 20th century.

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