DEUTSCHE VOLKSCHULEN IN DER SLAWONISCHEN MILITÄRGRENZE BIS ZUR EINFÜHRUNG DER ALLGEMEINEN SCHULORDNUNG VON 1774
German Public Schools in the Slavonian Military Border Zone before the Introduction of the General School Regulation (1774)

Summary/Abstract: History of the organized institutional phase of education in the Croatian-Slavonian Military Border Zone begins with the system reforms in the early 18th century. Before that period, schools in the Slavonian Military Border Zone were founded due to the initiative and care of the Catholic clergy, especially the monks, as well as the Orthodox clergy for the Orthodox population. After the Peace of Karlowitz (1699), new military districts were established in Slavonia, Srijem, Bačka, and Banat (Slavonska, Potiska and Pomoriška Military Border Zone). Establishment of these military border zones was followed by numerous organizational reforms. At the beginning of the 18th century, the military authorities also started to develop a school system in the Military Border Zone. At that time, the first regulations concerning the teaching of children in German were published in Potiska and Pomoriška military border zones. This led to the creation of a primary school system with the primary purpose of teaching German as a command language in the region. In the subsequent decades, this process extended to other parts of the Military Border Zone, including the Slavonian one. From 1703 to 1774, the first stage of organizing education in the Croatian-Slavonian Military Border Zone took place. Initially, the schools were mostly controlled by the Church: the parish or the monasteries. At that time, the issue of funding these schools was still unresolved, and there was an open problem of Serbian, i.e. Orthodox pupils. However, from the 1750s the systematic opening of German schools began. For this research, records of the canonical visits proved particularly valuable, since they contain exhaustive information about schools in specific parishes. They show that the system of “German schools” was established by the 1760s, a decade before the promulgation of the General School Order of Maria Theresa.

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