Wykorzystanie map w działaniach strategicznych do 1586 roku w Koronie i Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim
The Use of Maps in Strategic Actions Until 1586 in the Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Summary/Abstract: The paper presents the oldest instances of applying cartography during strategic actions in the Crown and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The promoters and – possibly – also the proponents of using maps in the army were Stanisław Łaski and Jan Tarnowski. Tarnowski not only wrote about the need for the application of cartographic knowledge by the high command, but also modified permanent defence according to the spatial reconnaissance of Tartar routs. They were to be supervised by a specifically appointed Field Crown Guardian. The oldest map used during the defence was Bernard Wapowski’s map of Sarmatia from 1526. It contained a black trail that was the chief route of the Tartar army march. In 1576, a precise rout consisting of three trails used by the Crimean Khanate was made by a committee appointed to lustrate the royal demesne of the Podolian and Ruthenian voivodeships.

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