Открытие Академии Сан Фернандо (1752) и ее роль в развитии испанской художественной культуры XVIII–XIX веков
Opening of Saint Fernando’s Academy (1752) and its Role in the Development of Artistic Culture of Spain during the 18-19th Centuries

Summary/Abstract: The History of Spanish Art in the West European and in Russian Literature on History of Art wasn’t investigated equivalently for all periods. The Art of the 17th Century, the period of Renaissance, painting of Goya were in the center of attention of scientists and were studied more attentively. But beside the most bright events and the biggest names in the History of Spanish Art there are many interesting pages. Understanding of Culture as the complex Structure gives us the right to study the periods without bright famous persons and famous events. One of these periods is the second half of the 18th century, that was investigated in our country only in the aspect of works by Goya. But these period was the time when the Academy of Arts of Saint Fernando was created, what became the example for Russian Academy of Arts. The author of Article analyzes the Work of Academy of Saint Fernando and its influence on the world view of Spanish Artistic elite. The Academy was opened as the State Organization and worked at the base of the State subsidies. The Academy was the public Organization, it was opened for all who wanted to be the painters. All events organized by Academy were public. With the creation of Academy the Artistic Education in Spain was put at Scientific base. The creation of Academy was the act of syncretism and unity of Art and Science. At the beginning this unity worked for the aims of Classicism and increasing of attention to the Art of Antiquity, but the Scientific method was more great than the style, that created this method, and stimulated the Scientific and Artistic Studying of styles of other periods, that helped to the Spanish Art to understand the national Specific of the National Artistic School.

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