Rusya’nın Osmanlı Unsurları Üzerindeki Çalışmaları ve 1914 Bitlis Ayaklanması
Russian Policy on Ottoman Population and 1914 Uprisings in Bitlis

Summary/Abstract: Armenians and Kurds who had a lot of interest from the great powers such as Russia, England and Germany were living in the Caucasus, Iran and the Ottoman Empire. These elements who had different religions and cultures also differed in daily life style. Armenians and the Kurds did not show any integrity amongst themselves. The most important thing that divided these nations was the fact that they had no common sect. Kurds were Muslims, but they were part of both Sunni and Shia sects; so they were divided. Armenians; however, were the people who were affected the most by the missionaries; so they accepted their religious views and even their policies. There were also policy clashes between the Armenians themselves. This fact made the guidance of these two nations by the great powers much easier. Russia, who made plans to invade Eastern Anatolia, imposed some policies in order to take the Ottoman Armenians and Kurds by their side. They used some Kurdish tribe leaders as consultants for that purpose. They made use of the fact that some tribes did not particularly like the westernization policies of the Ottoman Empire and turned those tribes into rebels. Therefore, some Kurdish tribes were affected by the affection they got from Russia and cooperated with them against the Ottoman Empire. Russia also acquired the Armenian cause. In this study, it is aimed at revealing the policies that Russia followed in Eastern Anatolia, especially in Bitlis. We will also look at how the relations were between the Kurds and the Armenians amongst each other and how their relations were with the state as well as the uprisings in Bitlis that took place in 1913 and 1914.

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