A nemzeti-etnikai identitás építőkövei kárpátaljai ukránok és magyarok körében
The National Identity of Transcarpathian Hungarians and Ukrainians

Summary/Abstract: The study examines the national identity of Transcarpathian Hungarians and Ukrainians based on the TANDEM 2016 Survey and compares it to previous survey results. One of the most important findings of the paper is that among the criteria of belonging to an ethnic group good language skills and self-identification are the most important. Almost 20% of the respondents have a double identity construction, which is more frequent in the Ukrainian subsample. As it turns out, knowing the language of another ethnic group is the most determinating factor in having a double identity. Regarding Ukrainians, they mostly identify themselves as belonging to the Ukrainian nation, which is followed by the identity of being Transcarpathian. Among the Hungarians the ‘Transcarpathian Hungarian’ attributive structure is the most popular. Citizenship related identity-categories (Hungarian, Ukrainian or double Hungarian–Ukrainian citizenship) falls far behind bonds related to ethnicity and locality. The bonds towards Ukraine as a country have loosened in recent years: only every second Ukrainian respondent says that Ukraine means the homeland for him/her. In the case of Hungarians, this ratio is 10%, which is a drastic decrease in comparison to the previous years.

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