Українська скульптура у вимірах часу
Ukrainian sculpture in time dimensions

Summary/Abstract: The article discloses the historical path of formation and development of Ukrainian sculptures from the point of view on the stylistic features due to the evolutionary process of becoming Ukrainian independence. The basis of the article is a historical and archaeological research Krvavicha D. etc. The process of forming the foundations of Ukrainian sculpture begins with the appearance on the territory of modern Ukraine the earliest human settlements. The transition from modeling to further approximation to rough modeling of the animal indicates qualitative changes in the actual occurrence of the plastic art. To the ancient image of a man in the round sculpture include images of the female body. The characteristic features of these images is the high artistic level, the strength of the plastic image, a sense of proportion and symmetry. By ancient sculptural achievements certainly are anthropomorphic stele. Among small ceramic sculpture should be noted anthropomorphic figurines. Sometimes they come across zoomorphic image. The traditional form of monumental sculpture presented Cimmerian stelae, obelisks. They are purely geometric shape, headless and abstract symbols represent the human figure. Sculpture Scythians diverse and has several types. Common type of steel burial stone monuments that look like squat-headed human figures with hairstyles, beards, mustaches, armed with bows and battle-axes, etc. A characteristic feature of the Scythian animal style is a sculpture. A continuation of the animal style can be seen in the art of Sarmatian. Sarmatian art is characterized by a greater extent the absence of signs of harmony, balance, measure and beauty. Continuing its tradition of Ukrainian sculpture early Christian period is evident in the sculptures Tauride Peninsula. Sacred buildings are decorated with highly artistic capitals of gigantic columns. One of the varieties of early Christian art portraits. Most of the portraits were represented in the art of metal sculpture. With the invasion of Turkic nomadic tribes has grown in the development of monumental sculpture. This is the so-called stone broads. They are characterized by large heads, medium-sized hands and very small feet. Along with stone sculpture at the Slavic tribes evolved and metal plastic. In the days of Kievan Rus to decorate Christian churches have used only the art of flat terrain. It has received a great development and it was the only kind of sculptures in temples for a few centuries. Later appear narrative images of figures of people and animals. A special place is small metal and stone plastic. By the XV century. Orthodox churches sacred sculpture appears. One such example is the salary of the Gospel of Galich. During the Renaissance the development of Ukrainian sculpture is mainly in Western Ukraine. Develops ornamental-plant and exterior plastic, architectural and decorative moldings. It occupies a special place carved iconostasis. A separate group consists of grave monuments of art. However, in the middle of XVII century sculpture in Ukraine Yak art form it is in decline. But the next century gives a new turn in the development of Ukrainian sculpture. Develop techniques of relief, high relief and bas-relief. Manifestation of classical sculpture becomes an image of ancient stories in stone. Another big theme of sculptors were gravestones monuments. Sculpture of the second half of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in the Ukrainian lands under the influence of stylistic changes, while there are two art direction – academic and realism. Leading value acquired monumental sculpture and the monument becomes extremely sculptural and architectural construction, which took a dominant place in the urban environment of the city. Ukrainian sculpture of the twentieth century art reflects several trends: neo-academism, traditionalism, avantgarde, socialist realism. In general, the independent Ukraine next creative work by representatives of different generations, embodying the art of sculpture in the national identity of the people.

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