Культурні практики зарубіжного досвіду з охорони нематеріальної культурної спадщини в контексті культурної політики України
Cultural practices of foreign experience in safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage in the context of cultural policy in Ukraine

Summary/Abstract: The article analyzes the foreign cultural practices for safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage in the context of cultural policy of Ukraine to understand and develop a model of conservation and development. It is proved that under international and domestic projects of cultural practices on the subject of traditional crafts museum is close cooperation with educational institutions, aimed at spiritual and patriotic education of future generations and their knowledge of national culture. The scientific research is relevant because modern civilization is at a critical stage in the context of which the humanity is threatened by aggravation of various global changes both in the economy and in culture; tension in society increases, indicating those numerous systemic crises. It was given the definitions of cultural practices with an emphasis on the study of globalization of S. Huntington, W. Beck, Z. Baumann, E. Hobsbawm, and McLuhan. It is indicated that such international organizations and intergovernmental institutions as UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in 1946) and CE (European Council, 1949) played a significant role in modern cultural policy. In today's world, these structures to a large extent determine the basic paradigm of cultural policies at both the international and national levels. The main in cultural policy is to promote the development of a conceptual model which describes the mechanism of overcoming the cultural crises in the context of globalization, determined by economic crises; formation of the concept of such a culture would play a role of a compensatory factor. This factor may consist of practices, showing that passive attitude of the state to protect intangible cultural heritage leads to loss of «living tradition» values, its blurring or extinction. Among the twelve best practices of effective programs and projects presented in the Register of UNESCO it is emphasized the Armenian duduk music that uses this musical instrument and a unique instrument carillon of cultural project in Belgium. Also it is disclosed their main goal to ensure continuity and sustainable development of music as a living heritage that promotes cultural identity and social cohesion. In particular, thanks Duduk players concentrated in Yerevan and the Royal School of carillon in Mechelen components of historical culture are preserved. The study presents pedagogical project of School museum Pusol – Center of traditional culture (Elche, Spain) of the conservation of intangible cultural heritage. It is indicated that the European experience of cultural practices in Elche area has been extended to Ukraine as well, in particular to Hutsul region. Yavoriv secondary school (Ivano-Frankivsk region) has become an innovative teaching experimental platform in Ukraine in experience of implementing the regional ethnographic component in modern educational sphere. Yavoriv is one of seven artistic and cultural centers of Ukraine. Folk Art Center «Hutsul grazhda» has a clearly defined set of programmatic tasks of research work that contributes to the conservation, restoration, development and promotion of knowledge about traditional Hutsul crafts. It is shown the experience of cultural practices of the International ethnic and artistic project «Environmental aspect» (launched in 1998, author and head of the project is a professor of Lviv National Academy of Arts Zenoviya Shulga). The attention is paid to the fact that the problems, global in nature, are national indeed. Foreign experience is a condition for interaction and mutual enrichment of peoples as well as a threat of destruction of traditional culture. It should be recognized the importance of cultural practices for the protection of intangible cultural heritage as a factor of national values of past generations, providing diversity and being a guarantor of sustainable development. It is proved that leading cultural practices in interaction of museums and education, science and ethnic culture are the most important factors of progress of highly civilized states, the formation of high spirituality, intelligence, culture, sense of social responsibility for the implementation of scientific and technical ideas, new technologies – for all that every generation leaves for its descendants. It is stated that taking to consideration the current conditions the state should build a cultural policy with regard to foreign experience. In particular, government programs should be directed to preserve intangible cultural heritage of Ukraine and its traditions that will give a new impulse of development. This approach will be the basis of socioeconomic development, competitiveness of the national cultural product in the world market and a source of spiritual and patriotic education of future generations of Ukrainians and their knowledge of national culture.

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