РОЛЬ ГРОМАДСЬКОЇ БІБЛІОТЕКИ В РОЗВИТКУ МІСЬКОЇ СВЯТКОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ МИКОЛАЄВА ПОЧАТКУ ХХ СТ.
The role of public library in Nikolayev city festive culture development in the early of XX century

Summary/Abstract: In the article the author analyses creative, cultural and educational activity of Nikolayev public library within the study of Nikolayev city festive culture developmental features in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. The author has analyzed the latest works, studies and publications of Ukrainian historians, philosophers and culture experts such as A. Kurochkina, S. Bezklubenko, A. Limanskaya, T. Gaevskaya, O. Pan’kova, in which the object of the study was festive culture phenomenon.The author considers the works of such local histiorians as V. Shchukin, N. Shityuk, T. Berezovskaya, N. Krizhanovskaya, E. Karaul’naya, Yu. Guzenko, S. Kirienko, L. Levchenko, I.Mironova are especially noteworthy among researches of Nikolayev development in early XX century. All of the above mentioned authors just touched on the issue of Nikolayev festive culture development in their works making reference of certain concerts, evening parties, folk festivals and other cultural mass actions as a part of their scientific studies.That’s why the history of Nikolayev festive culture development is the actual and significant subject for study and research. Having studied the Nikolayev public library activity, the main aim of which was "making process of self-education easier for inhabitants of Nikolayev city ant its suburbs", having analyzed the public library’s reports and records for 1909- 1915 years, posters of events organized by library administration, the author emphasizes such cultural mass events as public lectures, people’s readings, musical and symphonic matinees held by public library.In the article the author focuses on Nikolayev public and its organizing and holding public lectures? The main aim of which was to give the scientific knowledge to illiterate and hag-educated inhabitants of Nikolayev in accessible language. So in 1900 the administration was allowed to organize and hold such lectures. On January 9 1909 the was the first public lecture. The Theme of which was anatomy and physiology.In general lectures were taken on 10 subjects: hygiene, biology, mathematics, accountancy, zoology and others. The main topics of public lectures were "Problems of philosophy and history", "Searching Philosopher's Stone", "About aeronautics", "About the freedom of conscience", "Marriage, family and school" and other. Factory workers and employees listened to these lectures with pleasure. To make the lectures more interesting the speakers were invited from Moscow.Next step in library activity and in history of Nikolayev festive culture development was holding of people’s readings, the author describes them in his works. Such events had a form of literature evenings during which lecturers read foreign and national literature in public, and them made a short analysis of these works. Folk readings were often accompanied by dissolving views. People’s readings were very popular with Nikolayev, and halls were always over crowded. The most favorite writers of Nikolayev people were A. P. Chekhov, A. I. Koltsov, I. S. Turgenev, L M. Tolstoy, and others. Nikolayev audience heard such literary works as A. Chekhov "In a gulley’’, "Surgery", "Chameleon", "Dog-fish", "Officer Prishibeev", "Melancholy"; N. Nekrasov "Who lives good in Russ?"; O. Tolstoy "Bogatyr"; I. S. Turgenev "Singers", "Dream"; O. K. Tolstoy "Wise gudgeon", "Crucian carp-idealist", "Brave hare" and others. Musical matinees organized by library as an addition to people’s readings became also interesting events in contest of festive culture. The author highlights this fact in the article. Every musical morning on organizer’s opinion was dedicated to one certain composer to give a full presentation. First the report explaining role of certain composer in music history, his biography and characteristics of his work was given. Items performed on the event were given deeper analysis.In such a way listeners took a special background and it helped to understand and perceive musical programmed. Famous Nikolayev musicians and singers took part in musical matinees.Another great event in cultural and mass activity of library was symphony music matinees. Local and invited symphony orchestras introduced to listeners national and world classic symphony music works. Owing to such events, inhabitants of Nikolayev got to know famous works of such composers as F. Chopin, J. Massenet, F. Levin, M. Glinka, A. Rubinstein, A. Borodin and others.

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