"ЗАГАЛЬНІ" ТА "СПЕЦІАЛЬНІ" ЗДІБНОСТІ Е. КОРНГОЛЬДА У КОНТЕКСТІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ПРО ПРИРОДУ ТАЛАНТУ
"General" and "special" capabilities of E. Korngold: in the context of problem of nature of talent

Summary/Abstract: Erich Korngold is an austrian musician of first third of ХХ th century. From the 30th years his name closely relates with history of becoming of the Hollywood cinema, in particular, as one of authors of classic saundtrek. The works of such foreign theorists, as R. Hoffmann, N. Derny, B. Carroll, H. Pollmann, A. Stollberg, M. Feurstein-Prasser and other, and also the articles of T. Dixon, R. Kingston, D. Raksin, D. Thomas, A. Frey but other are devoted to personality of composer.To the phenomenon "talent", to nature of talent, gift, genius the works of many researchers of different generations of both foreign (I. Kant, G. Gegel, F. Galton, Ch. Lombrozo, Z. Freud, but other) and Russian (S. Rubinstein, B. Teplov, O. Zaporozhets, D. Bogoyavlenska but other) and Ukrainian (M. Goncharenko, O. Kulchicka, V. Molyako but other) are devoted, however to the nature of talent of E. Korngold it is not devoted the independent research.Today there are exist lots of sites with information about E. Korngold, works of the composer are sounding, and these facts testifies about the value of music of austrian artist. However any talent is formed by capabilities. To the question of research and analysis of capabilities in the context of nature of talent, as marked already, hundreds of the articles and works are devoted. The figure of E. Korngold offer the wide field for research of coexistence and development of capabilities, that is uttery important for development of modern culturological science and indicates on actuality of selected theme.Not staying too long on the question of classification of capabilities, we will mark only, that, right after soviet researchers (K. Marks, B. Teplov, S. Rubinstein but other), modern authors (O. Kulchicka, V. Molyako V. Chudnovskiy but other) distribute capabilities on "general" and "special".Separate interest in general and for our research in particular has a question, so to say, coexistence of different capabilities. Studying this question, we found confirmation of our thesis.Thus, V. Drankov insists, that at diagnostic of talent, researchers were not limited by the appraisal of possibilities only of the "special" capabilities, but also took into account a level and potential of "general" capabilities. Lighting up the mechanism of interaction of capabilities in the structure of talent, a researcher asserts that just "multilateral development of talent in a few types of art creates the most auspicious conditions for creation of his creative possibilities" [2, с. 139]. And as a result of development of additional capabilities both, "general" and "special" capabilities acquire many-sided creative signs. Going back to the figure of E. Korngold, we will make attempt classify his capabilities. To "general" we will take high hard-workiness, emotionality; high intellectual activity and aspiring to cognition, excellent memory and enormous size of knowledges; firmness of interests and their breadth; flexibility, criticism and productivity of thought; independence in raising of tasks; sense of humour. Not staying too long thoroughly on consideration of factors of forming of capabilities, we will mark only, that some of the denoted capabilities, have the inherited nature, however here it costs to mark that without training and permanent work of individual on self-perfection any capabilities calm down. So, we see that the best results in activity appear, when capabilities co-operate with each other, especially when "general" and "special" capabilities are correlated. In the case of E. Korngold the question is about the "special" musical and mathematical capabilities. We assume that exactly mathematical capabilities became the mortgage of development of the special, individual feeling of rhythm which was a characteristic sign already in early works of E. Korngold. If to talk about the "special" musical capabilities, we will bring words over L. Bochkarev, which notices: "appearing the "special", necessary for a successful capture of musical activity <…>, in that time those capabilities are "general" in relation to all types of activity, which require, except for musicalness, special composer's, performer’s (conductor, instrumental and other) capabilities" [1, с. 164].This thesis demonstrates a way to understanding of nature and specific of talent of E. Korngold, that consists in comparative lightness of capture by different kinds of musical activity. Thus, on the example of austrian composer we see, that direction of activity of the gifted personality in a few directions from early age and a presence of basic traits of character, intellect and emotionality, are the mortgage of creative successes.

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