ПРО СУБКУЛЬТУРИ В УКРАЇНІ В ПЕРІОД НАЦИСТСЬКОЇ ОКУПАЦІЇ
About subcultures in Ukraine during the period of Nazi occupation

Summary/Abstract: In the article the subculture of the Great Patriotic War is analyzed. The problem become relevant due to social transformations and requires research in the field of education. The author underlines the necessity of comprehension of these sociocultural phenomena in cultural and historical dimensions as a temporary "non-permanent" subculture of the Ukrainian period of the Great Patriotic War: subculture of guerrillas, guest workers and military prisoners.In the scientific discourse, it is a subcultural phenomena and structures though were limited in time, a temporary period of existance, but played a significant role in a particular period of our history and culture.Goal – the comprehension of this particular cultural phenomenon existing during World War II as a subculture of war prisoners, guerrillas, ostarbeiteren and clarify their specific cultural and historical existance.Ukraine and the Ukrainian culture of 1941-1945 caused the interest of many scientists. But the subject of subcultures in Ukraine during the 40s of XX century is not found in adequate coverage. If the social, age and occupational subcultures and even criminal subculture is the phenomena and they are relatively constant, then the special effects, temporary cultural life – is a subculture of prisoners of war , guerrillas and ostarbeiteren. Maybe in the scientific reflection, seemingly, irrelevant to isolate subcultures of prisoners, partisans and ostarbeiterens because of their specific "artifice" and problematic (limited time, resources, and the nature of existance, etc.). But the most difficult (sometimes way too much) conditions for the existance of millions of people during the war gave rise to many features of life (not just special forms of communication, communication systems, a sets of specific rules and prohibitions, etc.), creating certain subcultural phenomenon, which eventually were sang in literature (Soviet partisans in the works of socialist realism) and relatively thoroughly analyzed by scientists.Subcultures of guerrillas and ostarbeiteren have a fundamental difference. Subculture of ostarbeiteren, with significant restrictions has the character of relative external orientation (decals, circumstances exist, "camp" mode, etc.). It should be emphasized that almost all subcultures, born by war, have a special character and styles.The Subculture of guerrillas – a phenomenon that had very different characteristics (veiling, secrecy, isolation, their own consciousness and spirituality, group solidarity (sometimes collective responsibility) values are kept as a mystery, all of that was intended, and tend to secretly against the occupiers and their supporters). No wonder that elite Nazi eventually prohibiting the term "partisan", for the Nazis all guerrillas were all gangsters and guerrilla’s methods and and demonstration of activities (including subculture) for the Nazis were only gangsters. The leaders of the Reich acknowledged that a lot of effort and resources consuming fighting guerrillas ("gangs"), who had their "cultural systems" (communications, songs, sayings, passwords, informants, financial and food sources, etc.). Тому з часом для боротьби "з бандитами" німці зніма-ти війська з фронту. Therefore, the time to fight "bandits" Germans to withdraw troops from the front.To some extent, intermediate between the guerrillas and the subculture of ostarbeiteren features being occupied the subculture of prisoners of war. Usually prisoners of war eventually became partisans, ostarbeiteren or "assimilated" with weight enslaved population, much less they made their way to the Soviets. Subculture of war who spent part of his life in different camps can be considered as a part of camp subculture. At the same time transformed state there were well-established, relatively "basic" (basic, key, old, already established) subcultures (as opposed to temporary born to military action, "more"). These include ('main') – professional, territorial, social, age, ethnic, religious or some other subcultures.In the study is focuses on the existence of a specific phenomenon of cultural life during World War II as a subculture of prisoners of war, guerrillas and ostarbeiteren that merit further research. Three difficult years of the Nazi trials have created conditions that millions of our citizens in different groups and special conditions had to learn new methods of communications, mystery forms of communication, unique codes, passwords, means of data transfer and communication, creating new subcultural realities during 1941-1944.

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