Wspieranie działalności B+R a efekt wypychania w krajach OECD
Support for R&D activities vs. crowding-out effect in OECD countries

Summary/Abstract: The purpose of the article is an empirical verification of the presence of the crowding-out effect in relation to research and development activities. The realization of the undertaken aim required the implementation of critical literature review devoted to the selected issue, which was enriched with empirical research on the R&D structure of financing at the macro level in 31 OECD economies. Within the scope of the analysis three groups of countries were distinguished, depending on the type of support instruments used: only direct financing, primarily direct financing and primarily indirect financing. The analysis enabled a positive verification of the hypothesis that the crowding-out effect contributes to the changes in the financing structure of R&D and was stronger in case of direct government funding of business R&D activity.

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