ІСТОРІЯ РАДІОЛОГІЇ В КОНТЕКСТІ ДОСЯГНЕНЬ ПРИРОДНИЧИХ НАУК
THE HISTORY OF RADIOLOGY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ACHIEVEMENT OF SCIENCE

Summary/Abstract: The article describes the main historical stages of Radiology, directly related to the significant achievements in physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. Radiology - discipline that studies using of ionizing and non- ionizing radiation in medicine. Medical Radiology includes two major medical disciplines: radiodiagnostics (diagnostic radiology) and radiotherapy (radiation therapy). In this article are shown major achievements of science and its application in medicine. The establishment and development of Radiology started after X-rays (1895) and natural radioactivity (1896) discovering. X-rays were used for diagnosis and later for medical reasons immediately after discovering. Further development of radiology is linked to the following achievements: Rutherford's research led to the discovery of alpha and beta particles, and one year later Paul Villard discovered gamma rays. Studying radioactivity spouses Curie isolated two radioactive substances, polonium and radium. In the period between 1900-1922 appears notion of radiation illness, which initiated studding of biological effects of ionizing radiation. Hermann Blumgart works were the beginning of nuclear medicine instruments. Further remarkable step in the development of radiology was the discovery in 1934 of artificial radioactivity by Irene and Frederic Joliot-Curie. Another important step in the establishment of Radiology made American physicist Ernest Lawrence, who in the 30 years suggested the use of accelerating elementary particles to give them high energy. Italian physicist Fermi proposed effective method of radioactive elements getting by neutrons irradiating to stable elements. A particular influence on the development of Radiology made medical informatics. Active using of medical informatics led to the emergence of fundamentally new research methods that changed medical science and medical activities. The contribution of Ukrainian scientists in the development of radiology is shown.

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