Proces liofilizacji, jego zastosowanie i wybrane mechanizmy... obronne organizmów przed odwodnieniem
The process of freeze-drying, its wide applications and defense mechanisms against dehydratation

Summary/Abstract: Freeze-drying is a process consisting of three stages: freezing, sublimation and desorption. During the process a solvent is removed from the frozen material by sublimation. Thanks to the fact that the process takes place in low temperature, all the chemical properties of the product are preserved. Despite the fact that the process of freezedrying is time-consuming and relatively expensive, it is widely used in preserving biological material, e.g. bacteria, fungi, human tissue and plasma. Furthermore, it is also used in producing probiotics, antibiotics, vaccines and dried food. Freeze-drying has been successfully used in conservation of archaeological relics such as waterlogged wood, leather, fabric or paper.

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